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Showing papers by "Yonsei University published in 2003"


Journal ArticleDOI
25 Sep 2003-Nature
TL;DR: The two RNase III proteins, Drosha and Dicer, may collaborate in the stepwise processing of miRNAs, and have key roles in miRNA-mediated gene regulation in processes such as development and differentiation.
Abstract: Hundreds of small RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides, collectively named microRNAs (miRNAs), have been discovered recently in animals and plants. Although their functions are being unravelled, their mechanism of biogenesis remains poorly understood. miRNAs are transcribed as long primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) whose maturation occurs through sequential processing events: the nuclear processing of the pri-miRNAs into stem-loop precursors of approximately 70 nucleotides (pre-miRNAs), and the cytoplasmic processing of pre-miRNAs into mature miRNAs. Dicer, a member of the RNase III superfamily of bidentate nucleases, mediates the latter step, whereas the processing enzyme for the former step is unknown. Here we identify another RNase III, human Drosha, as the core nuclease that executes the initiation step of miRNA processing in the nucleus. Immunopurified Drosha cleaved pri-miRNA to release pre-miRNA in vitro. Furthermore, RNA interference of Drosha resulted in the strong accumulation of pri-miRNA and the reduction of pre-miRNA and mature miRNA in vivo. Thus, the two RNase III proteins, Drosha and Dicer, may collaborate in the stepwise processing of miRNAs, and have key roles in miRNA-mediated gene regulation in processes such as development and differentiation.

5,191 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 2003-Polymer
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the current efforts to utilize block copolymers in nanotechnologies including nanostructured membranes, BCP templates for nanoparticle synthesis, photonic crystals, and high-density information storage media is presented.

1,466 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Suyong Choi1, S. L. Olsen, Kazuo Abe, T. Abe  +172 moreInstitutions (46)
TL;DR: In this article, a narrow charmonium-like state produced in the exclusive decay process B+/--->K+/-pi(+)pi(-)J/psi has been observed, which has a mass of 3872.0+/-0.6(stat)+/- 0.5(syst) MeV.
Abstract: We report the observation of a narrow charmoniumlike state produced in the exclusive decay process B+/--->K+/-pi(+)pi(-)J/psi. This state, which decays into pi(+)pi(-)J/psi, has a mass of 3872.0+/-0.6(stat)+/-0.5(syst) MeV, a value that is very near the M(D0)+M(D(*0)) mass threshold. The results are based on an analysis of 152M B-Bmacr; events collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance in the Belle detector at the KEKB collider. The signal has a statistical significance that is in excess of 10sigma.

1,294 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the TM model and the K-profile model of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and found that the TM models gave too high PBL heights in the PBL with strong shear, and too low heights for the convection-dominated PBL, which caused unrealistic heat flux profiles.
Abstract: Modifications of the widely used K-profile model of the planetary boundary layer (PBL), reported by Troen and Mahrt (TM) in 1986, are proposed and their effects examined by comparison with large eddy simulation (LES) data. The modifications involve three parts. First, the heat flux from the entrainment at the inversion layer is incorporated into the heat and momentum profiles, and it is used to predict the growth of the PBL directly. Second, profiles of the velocity scale and the Prandtl number in the PBL are proposed, in contrast to the constant values used in the TM model. Finally, non-local mixing of momentum was included. The results from the new PBL model and the original TM model are compared with LES data. The TM model was found to give too high PBL heights in the PBL with strong shear, and too low heights for the convection-dominated PBL, which causes unrealistic heat flux profiles. The new PBL model improves the predictability of the PBL height and produces profiles that are more realistic. Moreover, the new PBL model produces more realistic profiles of potential temperature and velocity. We also investigated how each of these three modifications affects the results, and found that explicit representation of the entrainment rate is the most critical.

695 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The IA group seemed to be more vulnerable to interpersonal dangers than others, showing an unusually close feeling for strangers, and reported the highest degree of loneliness, depressed mood, and compulsivity compared to the other groups.
Abstract: What kinds of psychological features do people have when they are overly involved in usage of the internet? Internet users in Korea were investigated in terms of internet over-use and related psychological profiles by the level of internet use. We used a modified Young's Internet Addiction Scale, and 13,588 users (7,878 males, 5,710 females), out of 20 million from a major portal site in Korea, participated in this study. Among the sample, 3.5% had been diagnosed as internet addicts (IA), while 18.4% of them were classified as possible internet addicts (PA). The Internet Addiction Scale showed a strong relationship with dysfunctional social behaviors. More IA tried to escape from reality than PA and Non-addicts (NA). When they got stressed out by work or were just depressed, IA showed a high tendency to access the internet. The IA group also reported the highest degree of loneliness, depressed mood, and compulsivity compared to the other groups. The IA group seemed to be more vulnerable to interpersonal d...

675 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Human activated HSCs utilize components of TLR4 signal transduction cascade to stimulate NF‐κB and JNK and up‐regulate chemokines and adhesion molecules, and are a potential mediator of LPS‐induced liver injury.

597 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the shape control of colloidal nanocrystals including one-dimensional (1D) nanorods remains a key issue in the bottom-up approach of nanoscience.
Abstract: The systematic shape control of colloidal nanocrystals including one-dimensional (1D) nanorods remains a key issue in the “bottom–up” approach of nanoscience. Here, we examine the anisotropic structural evolution of various semiconductor nanocrystals and systematically elucidate the key growth parameters for their shape control. The crystalline phase of nucleating seeds and kinetic growth regimes controlled by changing growth parameters are crucial for the determination of the 1D nanocrystal geometry.

572 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
S. S. Adler1, S. Afanasiev2, Christine Angela Aidala1, N. N. Ajitanand3  +335 moreInstitutions (41)
TL;DR: In this article, the anisotropy parameter of the second harmonic of the azimuthal particle distribution has been measured with the PHENIX detector in Au+Au collisions at roots(NN)=200 GeV for identified and inclusive charged particle production at central rapidities.
Abstract: The anisotropy parameter (v(2)), the second harmonic of the azimuthal particle distribution, has been measured with the PHENIX detector in Au+Au collisions at roots(NN)=200 GeV for identified and inclusive charged particle production at central rapidities (eta 2 GeV/c, in marked contrast to the predictions of a hydrodynamical model. A quark-coalescence model is also investigated.

570 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Kyungwon Lee1, Young Sik Lim1, Dongeun Yong1, Jong Hwa Yum1, Yunsop Chong1 
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of the Hodge test and those of the imipenem (IPM)-EDTA, ceftazidime (CAZ)-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), and CAZ-sodium mercaptoacetic acid (SMA) double-disk synergy tests (DDSTs) were compared.
Abstract: Gram-negative bacilli with acquired metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) production have been increasingly reported in some countries, necessitating their detection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Hodge test and those of the imipenem (IPM)-EDTA, ceftazidime (CAZ)-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), and CAZ-sodium mercaptoacetic acid (SMA) double-disk synergy tests (DDSTs). The efficiencies of testing CAZ-resistant and IPM-nonsusceptible isolates were also compared. Strains used for the evaluation were known IMP-1 and VIM-2 MBL-producing isolates and consecutive and CAZ-nonsusceptible isolates of pseudomonads and acinetobacters. The performance of the Hodge test was improved by addition of zinc sulfate (140 μg/disk) to an IPM disk. In DDSTs, EDTA (ca. 1,900 μg) disks were better at detecting MBL-producing strains among pseudomonads, while MPA (3 μl) and SMA (3 mg) disks performed better for acinetobacters. EDTA (ca. 750 μg)-plus-SMA (ca. 2 mg) disks performed better than EDTA, MPA, or SMA disks with both organisms. CAZ-SMA DDSTs failed to detect 22 of 80 (28%) MBL-producing acinetobacters. In conclusion, use of an IPM disk and an EDTA (750 μg)-plus-SMA (2 mg) disk improves performance, and testing IPM-nonsusceptible isolates rather than CAZ-resistant isolates could reduce screening work. Further evaluation of the test is required for the detection of other types of MBL-producing gram-negative bacilli.

555 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
S. S. Adler1, S. Afanasiev2, Christine Angela Aidala1, N. N. Ajitanand3  +337 moreInstitutions (40)
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the transverse momentum spectra of neutral pions in the range 1 < p_T < 10 GeV/c and showed that the pi^0 multiplicity in central reactions is significantly below the yields measured at the same squarert(s_NN) in peripheral Au+Au and p+p reactions scaled by the number of nucleon-nucleon collisions.
Abstract: Transverse momentum spectra of neutral pions in the range 1 < p_T < 10 GeV/c have been measured at mid-rapidity by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV. The pi^0 multiplicity in central reactions is significantly below the yields measured at the same sqrt(s_NN) in peripheral Au+Au and p+p reactions scaled by the number of nucleon-nucleon collisions. For the most central bin, the suppression factor is ~2.5 at p_T = 2 GeV/c and increases to ~4-5 at p_T ~= 4 GeV/c. At larger p_T, the suppression remains constant within errors. The deficit is already apparent in semi-peripheral reactions and increases smoothly with centrality.

Journal ArticleDOI
19 Sep 2003-Cell
TL;DR: In this article, the TRPC1-Homer-IP(3)R complex is shown to have a physical association between the TRP and the IP(3)-R that is required for the channel to respond to signals.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Paclitaxel-eluting stents used with conventional antiplatelet therapy effectively inhibit restenosis and neointimal hyperplasia, with a safety profile similar to that of standard stents.
Abstract: background Intimal hyperplasia and resulting restenosis limit the efficacy of coronary stenting. We studied a coronary stent coated with the antiproliferative agent paclitaxel as a means of preventing restenosis. methods We conducted a multicenter, randomized, controlled, triple-blind study to evaluate the ability of a paclitaxel-eluting stent to inhibit restenosis. At three centers, 177 patients with discrete coronary lesions (<15 mm in length, 2.25 to 3.5 mm in diameter) underwent implantation of paclitaxel-eluting stents (low dose, 1.3 µg per square millimeter, or high dose, 3.1 µg per square millimeter) or control stents. Antiplatelet therapies included aspirin with ticlopidine (120 patients), clopidogrel (18 patients), or cilostazol (37 patients). Clinical follow-up was performed at one month and four to six months, and angiographic follow-up at four to six months. results Technical success was achieved in 99 percent of the patients (176 of 177). At follow-up, the high-dose group, as compared with the control group, had significantly better results for the degree of stenosis (mean [ ± SD], 14 ± 21 percent vs. 39 ± 27 percent; P<0.001), late loss of luminal diameter (0.29 ± 0.72 mm vs. 1.04 ± 0.83 mm, P<0.001), and restenosis of more than 50 percent (4 percent vs. 27 percent, P<0.001). Intravascular ultrasound analysis demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in the volume of intimal hyperplasia (31, 18, and 13 mm 3 , in the high-dose, low-dose, and control groups, respectively). There was a higher rate of major cardiac events in patients receiving cilostazol than in those receiving ticlopidine or clopidogrel. Among patients receiving ticlopidine or clopidogrel, event-free survival was 98 percent and 100 percent in the high-dose and control groups, respectively, at one month, and 96 percent in both at four to six months. conclusions Paclitaxel-eluting stents used with conventional antiplatelet therapy effectively inhibit restenosis and neointimal hyperplasia, with a safety profile similar to that of standard stents.

Journal ArticleDOI
K. Adcox1, S. S. Adler2, M. Aizama3, N. N. Ajitanand4  +601 moreInstitutions (42)
TL;DR: The PHENIX detector as mentioned in this paper is designed to perform a broad study of A-A, p-A and p-p collisions to investigate nuclear matter under extreme conditions, and is used to study systematic variations with species and energy as well as to measure the spin structure of the nucleon.
Abstract: The PHENIX detector is designed to perform a broad study of A-A, p-A, and p-p collisions to investigate nuclear matter under extreme conditions A wide variety of probes, sensitive to all timescales, are used to study systematic variations with species and energy as well as to measure the spin structure of the nucleon Designing for the needs of the heavy-ion and polarized-proton programs has produced a detector with unparalleled capabilities PHENIX measures electron and muon pairs, photons, and hadrons with excellent energy and momentum resolution The detector consists of a large number of subsystems that are discussed in other papers in this volume The overall design parameters of the detector are presented (C) 2002 Elsevier Science BV All rights reserved

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The SR image reconstruction method estimates an HR image with finer spectral details from multiple LR observations degraded by blur, noise, and aliasing, and the major advantage of this approach is that it may cost less and the existing LR imaging systems can still be utilized.
Abstract: The spatial resolution that represents the number of pixels per unit area in an image is the principal factor in determining the quality of an image. With the development of image processing applications, there is a big demand for high-resolution (HR) images since HR images not only give the viewer a pleasing picture but also offer additional detail that is important for the analysis in many applications. The current technology to obtain HR images mainly depends on sensor manufacturing technology that attempts to increase the number of pixels per unit area by reducing the pixel size. However, the cost for high-precision optics and sensors may be inappropriate for general purpose commercial applications, and there is a limitation to pixel size reduction due to shot noise encountered in the sensor itself. Therefore, a resolution enhancement approach using signal processing techniques has been a great concern in many areas, and it is called super-resolution (SR) (or HR) image reconstruction or simply resolution enhancement in the literature. In this issue, we use the term “SR image reconstruction” to refer to a signal processing approach toward resolution enhancement, because the term “super” very well represents the characteristics of the technique overcoming the inherent resolution limitation of low-resolution (LR) imaging systems. The term SR was originally used in optics, and it refers to the algorithms that mainly operate on a single image to extrapolate the spectrum of an object beyond the diffraction limit (SR restoration). These two SR concepts (SR reconstruction and SR restoration) have a common focus in the aspect of recovering high-frequency information that is lost or degraded during the image acquisition. However, the cause of the loss of high-frequency information differs between these two concepts. SR restoration in optics attempts to recover information beyond the diffraction cutoff frequency, while the SR reconstruction method in engineering tries to recover high-frequency components corrupted by aliasing. We hope that readers do not confuse the super resolution in this issue with the term super resolution used in optics. SR image reconstruction algorithms investigate the relative motion information between multiple LR images (or a video sequence) and increase the spatial resolution by fusing them into a single frame. In doing so, it also removes the effect of possible blurring and noise in the LR images. In summary, the SR image reconstruction method estimates an HR image with finer spectral details from multiple LR observations degraded by blur, noise, and aliasing. The major advantage of this approach is that it may cost less and the existing LR imaging systems can still be utilized. Considering the maturity of this field and its various prospective applications, it seems timely and appropriate to discuss and adjust the topic of SR in the special issue of the magazine, since we do not have enough materials for ready disposal. This special section contains five articles covering various aspects of SR techniques. The first article, “Super-Resolution Image Reconstruction: A Technical Overview” by Sungcheol Park, Minkyu Park, and Moon Gi Kang, provides an introduction to the concepts and definitions of the SR image reconstruction as well as an overview of various existing SR algorithms. Advanced issues that are currently under investigation in this area are also discussed. The second article, “High-Resolution Images from Low-Resolution Compressed Video,” by Andrew C. Segall, Rafael Molina, and Aggelos K. Katsaggelos, considers the SR techniques for compressed video. Since images are routinely compressed prior to transmission and storage in current acquisition systems, it is important to take into account the characteristics of compression systems in developing the SR techniques. In this article, they survey models for the compression system and develop SR techniques within the Bayesian framework. The third article, by Deepu Rajan, Subhasis Chaudhuri, and Manjunath V. Joshi, titled “Multi-Objective Super-Resolution Technique: Concept and Examples,”

Journal ArticleDOI
S. S. Adler1, S. Afanasiev2, Christine Angela Aidala3, N. N. Ajitanand4  +335 moreInstitutions (42)
TL;DR: The yield ratio does not show the suppression observed in central Au+Au collisions at RHIC, but there is a small enhancement in the yield of high momentum particles.
Abstract: Transverse momentum spectra of charged hadrons with p(T)<8 GeV/c and neutral pions with p(T)<10 GeV/c have been measured at midrapidity by the PHENIX experiment at BNL RHIC in d+Au collisions at sqrt[s(NN)]=200 GeV. The measured yields are compared to those in p+p collisions at the same sqrt[s(NN)] scaled up by the number of underlying nucleon-nucleon collisions in d+Au. The yield ratio does not show the suppression observed in central Au+Au collisions at RHIC. Instead, there is a small enhancement in the yield of high momentum particles.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Plasma levels of PMP, VEGF, IL-6 and RANTES were markedly increased in patients with stage IV disease, and it is demonstrated that these increased plasma levels of IL- 6, RantES, and especially PMP might be useful for identifying metastatic gastric patients.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the photoelectric properties of n-ZnO/p-Si photodiodes were investigated for detecting UV and visible photons in the depleted ZnO and p-Si, respectively.
Abstract: We report on the photoelectric properties of n-ZnO/p-Si photodiodes which detect UV photons in the depleted n-ZnO and simultaneously detect visible photons in the depleted p-Si. As characterized by I–V measurements in the photon range of 310 to 650 nm our photodiodes exposed to UV photons show a linear increase in photocurrent with reverse bias. In the visible range, the photocurrent rises rapidly with bias but saturates beyond a critical voltage. Our diodes exhibit strong responsivities of 0.5 and 0.3 A/W for UV (310-nm) and red (650-nm) photons, respectively, under a 30-V bias with a weak minimum near 380 nm, the wavelength corresponding to the band gap of ZnO. It is concluded that our n-ZnO/p-Si diode can be a UV-enhanced photodiode that simultaneously detects UV and visible photons by employing two related photoelectric mechanisms in parallel.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A model in which GL3 and EGL3 act together with WER in the N cell position to promote the non-hair cell fate, whereas they interact with the incomplete MYB protein CPC in the H position, which blocks theNon-hair pathway and leads to the hair cell fate is suggested.
Abstract: The position-dependent specification of the hair and non-hair cell types in the Arabidopsis root epidermis provides a simple model for the study of cell fate determination in plants. Several putative transcriptional regulators are known to influence this cell fate decision. Indirect evidence from studies with the maize R gene has been used to suggest that a bHLH transcription factor also participates in this process. We show that two Arabidopsis genes encoding bHLH proteins, GLABRA3 (GL3) and ENHANCER OF GLABRA3 (EGL3), act in a partially redundant manner to specify root epidermal cell fates. Plants homozygous for mutations in both genes fail to specify the non-hair cell type, whereas plants overexpressing either gene produce ectopic non-hair cells. We also find that these genes are required for appropriate transcription of the non-hair specification gene GL2 and the hair cell specification gene CPC, showing that GL3 and EGL3 influence both epidermal cell fates. Furthermore, we show that these bHLH proteins require a functional WER MYB protein for their action, and they physically interact with WER and CPC in the yeast two-hybrid assay. These results suggest a model in which GL3 and EGL3 act together with WER in the N cell position to promote the non-hair cell fate, whereas they interact with the incomplete MYB protein CPC in the H position, which blocks the non-hair pathway and leads to the hair cell fate.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: 8 A B G3 C. 9 D F (D $ ) C 5 $! 9 8 :'1'(H!!! 9 ). 0 % 6! 9 4 6 9 4 5 5 5 DE B 9 H 9 D & I& 0 % ( 4 \". 7* \" 5 7* @'1 4 G A $ 9 % H ( % )!. $ 080 # 6 H B 3 D 9 $ 5 $'9 )') H. :&0 &! C $ $ % (, 0 1 00 I
Abstract: 8 A B G3 C . 9 D F ( D $ ) C 5 $ ! 9 8 : ' 1 ' ( H ! ! ! 9 ) . 0 % 6 ! \" 5 @ 9 $ 6 9 4 \" D F ( # \" # $% 0 & 9 % A # $& #I I % 9 ! . J 9 A D BE ' H ( $E 5 DE ' ( ) ! &* :I: < $ $ 4 B ! B ' ! + , --% :I0 . H D H ! C 9 4 % . -/ 8#:& 8 H 6 A A 9 5 H ( 9 % A ( ) ! . %/ 88 ( $E C ) C 1 ( K ! $ $ (L BE ( ( 5 DE ( -#0< : 9 3 ( D B L 5 ) 5 5 5 DE B 9 H 9 D & I& 0 % ( 4 \" . \" 7* \" 5 7* @ ' 1 4 G A $ 9 % H ( % ) ! . $ 080 # 6 H B 3 D 9 $ ! 5 $ ' 9 ) ' ) H . :&0 & ! C $ $ % ( , 0 1 00 I . ' ( 9 C $ % $ 6 ' ( -@I#0 8< . B ) ! # % I## 8 A $ H ( ' ( ! C $ D 5 . -& 0I I

Journal ArticleDOI
P. Krokovny1, K. Abe, T. Abe, I. Adachi  +163 moreInstitutions (40)
TL;DR: In this article, the first observation of the B-->D over barD(sJ)(2317) and B->D>D-s*gamma decays based on 123.8x10(6) B (B) was reported.
Abstract: We report the first observation of the B-->(D) over barD(sJ)(2317) and B-->(D) over barD(sJ)(2457) decays based on 123.8x10(6) B (B) over bar events collected with the Belle detector at KEKB. We observe the D-sJ(2317) decay to D(s)pi(0) and the D-sJ(2457) decay to the D(s)(*)pi(0) and D(s)gamma final states. We also set 90% C.L. upper limits for the decays D-sJ(2317)-->D-s*gamma, D-sJ(2457)-->D-s*gamma, D-sJ(2457)-->D(s)pi(0), and D-sJ(2457)-->D(s)pi(+)pi(-).

Proceedings ArticleDOI
24 Aug 2003
TL;DR: This paper proposes a data mining method for finding recent frequent itemsets adaptively over an online data stream by decaying the old occurrences of each itemset as time goes by.
Abstract: A data stream is a massive unbounded sequence of data elements continuously generated at a rapid rate. Consequently, the knowledge embedded in a data stream is more likely to be changed as time goes by. Identifying the recent change of a data stream, specially for an online data stream, can provide valuable information for the analysis of the data stream. In addition, monitoring the continuous variation of a data stream enables to find the gradual change of embedded knowledge. However, most of mining algorithms over a data stream do not differentiate the information of recently generated transactions from the obsolete information of old transactions which may be no longer useful or possibly invalid at present. This paper proposes a data mining method for finding recent frequent itemsets adaptively over an online data stream. The effect of old transactions on the mining result of the data steam is diminished by decaying the old occurrences of each itemset as time goes by. Furthermore, several optimization techniques are devised to minimize processing time as well as main memory usage. Finally, the proposed method is analyzed by a series of experiments.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of the parametrization of gravity wave drag in numerical weather prediction and climate simulation models is presented in this article, where the focus is primarily on understanding the current status of gravity-wave drag and the new parameters that will be needed for the next generation of atmospheric models.
Abstract: An overview of the parametrization of gravity ‐wave drag in numerical ‐weather prediction and climate simulation models is presented. The focus is primarily on understanding the current status of gravity wave drag parametrization as a step towards the new parametrizations that will be needed for the next generation of atmospheric models. Both the early history and latest developments in the field are discussed. Parametrizations developed specifically for orographic and convective sources of gravity waves are described separately, as are newer parametrizations that collectively treat a spectrum of gravity wave motions. The differences in issues in and approaches for the parametrization of the lower and upper atmospheres are highlighted. Various emerging issues are also discussed, such as explicitly resolved gravity waves and gravity wave drag in models, and a range of unparametrized gravity wave processes that may need attention for the next generation of gravity wave drag parametrizations in models.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The estimator proposed here is designed to avoid the ambiguity which occurs in Schmidl's (1997) timing offset estimation method and has a significantly smaller MSE than the other estimators.
Abstract: We present a novel timing offset estimation method for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems. The estimator proposed here is designed to avoid the ambiguity which occurs in Schmidl's (1997) timing offset estimation method. The performance of the proposed scheme is presented in terms of mean and mean-square error (MSE) obtained by simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed estimator has a significantly smaller MSE than the other estimators.

Journal Article
N. Gabyshev, H. Kichimi, Kazuo Abe, R. Abe1  +198 moreInstitutions (44)

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a database of the latest stellar models of the Y2 (Yonsei-Yale) collaboration, which contains the stellar evolutionary tracks from the pre-main-sequence birthline to the helium core flash that were used to construct the Y 2 isochrones.
Abstract: We present a database of the latest stellar models of the Y2 (Yonsei-Yale) collaboration. This database contains the stellar evolutionary tracks from the pre-main-sequence birthline to the helium core flash that were used to construct the Y2 isochrones. We also provide a simple interpolation routine that generates stellar tracks for given sets of parameters (metallicity, mass, and ?-enhancement).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data suggest that minocycline treatment modulated expression of cytokines, attenuated cell death and the size of lesions, and improved functional recovery in the injured rat, suggesting that this approach may provide a therapeutic intervention enabling us to reduce cellDeath and improve functional recovery after SCI.
Abstract: We examined the effects of minocycline, an anti-inflammatory drug, on functional recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI). Rats received a mild, weight-drop contusion injury to the spinal cord and were treated with the vehicle or minocycline at a dose of 90 mg/kg immediately after SCI and then twice at a dose of 45 mg/kg every 12 h. Injecting minocycline after SCI improved hind limb motor function as determined by the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor open field behavioral rating test. Twenty four to 38 days after SCI, BBB scores were significantly higher in minocycline-treated rats as compared with those in vehicle-treated rats. Morphological analysis showed that lesion size increased progressively in both vehicle-treated and minocycline-treated spinal cords. However, in response to treatment with minocycline, the lesion size was significantly reduced at 21–38 days after SCI when compared to the vehicle control. Minocycline treatment significantly reduced the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl ...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The reversed halo sign, although seen only in one fifth of patients with the disease, appears relatively specific to make a diagnosis of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia on CT.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE. The aim of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of the reversed halo sign on high-resolution CT in the diagnosis of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia.MATERIALS AND METHODS. Between 1996 and 2001, we saw 31 patients with biopsy-proven cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. During the same period, we also saw 30 patients with non-cryptogenic organizing pneumonia diseases, from which cryptogenic organizing pneumonia should be differentiated: Wegener's granulomatosis (n = 14), diffuse bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (n = 10), chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (n = 5), and Churg-Strauss syndrome (n = 1). Two independent observers analyzed CT findings and recorded how frequently the so-called reversed halo sign (central ground-glass opacity and surrounding air-space consolidation of crescentic and ring shape) was seen on high-resolution CT.RESULTS. The most common patterns of parenchymal abnormalities of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia were ground-glass opacity (28/31 patients, 90%) and consolidation (27/31...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the CoOx/CeO2 composite catalysts of different cobalt/ceria ratios have been prepared and tested for carbon monoxide oxidation in mixtures of carbon dioxide and oxygen, showing markedly enhanced catalytic activities due to the combined effect of cobalt oxide and ceria.
Abstract: CoOx/CeO2 composite catalysts of different cobalt/ceria ratios have been prepared and tested for carbon monoxide oxidation in mixtures of carbon monoxide and oxygen. The small activity decay observed for them is due to carbon dioxide retention. The CoOx/CeO2 composite catalyst showed good resistance to water vapor poisoning. The catalysts were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), CO-TPD and XPS. The CoOx/CeO2 composite catalysts exhibit high catalytic activity in carbon monoxide oxidation, showing markedly enhanced catalytic activities due to the combined effect of cobalt oxide and ceria. Combining the results of XRD, TPR and XPS, we propose that the finely dispersed and higher valence state CoOx species mainly contribute to the catalytic activity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Observation of a diverse allelic series unique to each ethnic group indicates that mutational events at SLC26A4 are common and account for approximately 5% of recessive deafness in south Asians and other populations.
Abstract: Recessive mutations of SLC26A4 (PDS) are a common cause of Pendred syndrome and non-syndromic deafness in western populations. Although south and east Asia contain nearly one half of the global population, the origins and frequencies of SLC26A4 mutations in these regions are unknown. We PCR amplified and sequenced seven exons of SLC26A4 to detect selected mutations in 274 deaf probands from Korea, China, and Mongolia. A total of nine different mutations of SLC26A4 were detected among 15 (5.5%) of the 274 probands. Five mutations were novel and the other four had seldom, if ever, been identified outside east Asia. To identify mutations in south Asians, 212 Pakistani and 106 Indian families with three or more affected offspring of consanguineous matings were analysed for cosegregation of recessive deafness with short tandem repeat markers linked to SLC26A4. All 21 SLC26A4 exons were PCR amplified and sequenced in families segregating SLC26A4 linked deafness. Eleven mutant alleles of SLC26A4 were identified among 17 (5.4%) of the 318 families, and all 11 alleles were novel. SLC26A4 linked haplotypes on chromosomes with recurrent mutations were consistent with founder effects. Our observation of a diverse allelic series unique to each ethnic group indicates that mutational events at SLC26A4 are common and account for approximately 5% of recessive deafness in south Asians and other populations.