York University

About: York University is a education organization based out in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 18899 authors who have published 43357 publications receiving 1568560 citations.

Work in people's lives: a location for counseling psychologists

Abstract: The career development-vocational psychology literature has been marked by 2 persistent problems: a slow response to new developments in basic areas of psychology, such as developmental psychology, and a lack of representation of populations other than White and middle-class groups as research participants or as foci of theoretical explanation. After a brief discussion of 2 factors that may have contributed to these problems, a rational for a new location for this field is developed.

Identifying cases of congestive heart failure from administrative data: a validation study using primary care patient records.

Abstract: Introduction: To determine if using a combination of hospital administrative data and ambulatory care physician billings can accurately identify patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), we tested 9 algorithms for identifying individuals with CHF from administrative data. Methods: The validation cohort against which the 9 algorithms were tested combined data from a random sample of adult patients from EMRALD, an electronic medical record database of primary care physicians in Ontario, Canada, and data collected in 2004/05 from a random sample of primary care patients for a study of hypertension. Algorithms were evaluated on sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, area under the curve on the ROC graph and the combination of likelihood ratio positive and negative. Results: We found that that one hospital record or one physician billing followed by a second record from either source within one year had the best result, with a sensitivity of 84.8% and a specificity of 97.0%. Conclusion: Population prevalence of CHF can be accurately measured using combined administrative data from hospitalization and ambulatory care.

Mosaic Displays for Multi-Way Contingency Tables

Abstract: Mosaic displays represent the counts in a contingency table by tiles whose size is proportional to the cell count. This graphical display for categorical data generalizes readily to multi-way tables. This article discusses extensions of the mosaic display to highlight patterns of deviations from various models for categorical data. First, we introduce the use of color and shading to represent sign and magnitude of standardized residuals from a specified model. For unordered categorical variables, we show how the perception of patterns of association can be enhanced by reordering the categories. Second, we introduce sequential mosaics of marginal subtables, together with sequential models for these tables. For a class of sequential models of joint independence, the individual mosaics provide a graphic representation of a partition of the overall likelihood ratio G2 for complete independence in the full table into portions attributable to hypotheses about the marginal subtables.

Heuristics and Biases as Measures of Critical Thinking: Associations with Cognitive Ability and Thinking Dispositions

Abstract: In this article, the authors argue that there are a range of effects usually studied within cognitive psychology that are legitimately thought of as aspects of critical thinking: the cognitive biases studied in the heuristics and biases literature. In a study of 793 student participants, the authors found that the ability to avoid these biases was moderately correlated with a more traditional laboratory measure of critical thinking—the ability to reason logically when logic conflicts with prior belief. The correlation between these two classes of critical thinking skills was not due to a joint connection with general cognitive ability because it remained statistically significant after the variance due to cognitive ability was partialed out. Measures of thinking dispositions (actively open-minded thinking and need for cognition) predicted unique variance in both classes of critical thinking skills after general cognitive ability had been controlled.

States Against Markets: The Limits of Globalization

Abstract: Countries are looking for ways to compete and increase their share of exports; this has led to the lowering of national borders and greater co-dependence. To many, this climate of globalization signals the end of the nation-state as an effective manager of national economic policy. In "States Against Markets" the contributors challenge this perceived threat to the nation-state. They examine the fundamental issues of competitiveness and market power. Some topics covered include a discussion of whether or not globalization is really a novel development, an assessment of the success of globalization as a means of convergence and uniformity across nations, an update on the Hayek vs. Keynes debate, an analysis of how all parties involved can maximize the benefits of globalization and an appraisal of the nation-state.