York University

About: York University is a education organization based out in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 18899 authors who have published 43357 publications receiving 1568560 citations.

Will Evidence-Based Nursing Practice Make Practice Perfect?

Abstract: Evidence-based practice, or evidence-based decision-making, is rapidly developing as a growth industry in nursing and the health professions more widely. It has its origins in the work of the British epidemiologist Archie Cochrane and has recently been re-energized in Canada by the National Forum on Health and its call for a culture of evidence-based decision-making. Before we adopt evidence-based nursing (EBN) as a mantra for the 21st century, we should examine its origins and its consequences, and we should probe related concepts, 2 of which are the nature and structure of practice-based knowledge and the nature and structure of evidence generally. Findings of a recent survey of nurses in western Canada are used to illustrate that nurses use a broad range of practice knowledge, much of which is experientially based rather than research-based.

Trust and Formal Contracts in Interorganizational Relationships - Substitutes and Complements

Abstract: We hypothesize that trust is a moderator of the direct relationship between control and coordination concerns and the extent of contracting. Our results suggest that high trust weakens the positive relationship between control concerns and the extent of contracting, but reinforces the positive relationship between coordination concerns and the extent of contracting. In other words, trust functions at one and the same time as a substitute for contracting (regarding control concerns) as well as a complement of contracting (regarding coordination concerns). By highlighting the dual role of contracts (i.e. a controlling and coordinating function) and the moderating role of trust in this regard, our paper provides a new focus to the current discussion on the relationship between trust and contracts (i.e. substitutes or complements), one that may help reconcile some divergent perspectives in the literature.

Regional diversification and firm performance

Abstract: This study examines how regional diversification affects firm performance. The results indicate that regional diversification has linear and curvilinear effects on firm performance. Regional diversification enhances firm performance linearly up to a certain threshold, and then its impact becomes negative. The results also show that firms of developed countries maximize their performance when they operate across a moderate number of developed regions and a strictly limited number of developing regions. This explains why internationalization by most international firms is regional rather than global.

The end of the corporate environmental report? Or the advent of cybernetic sustainability reporting and communication

Abstract: It is becoming clear that communicating effectively with stakeholders on progress towards economic prosperity, environmental quality and social justice i.e. the triple bottom line, will become a defining characteristic of corporate responsibility in the 21st century (Elkington J. 1998. Cannibals with Forks: the Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business. New Society: Vancouver). However, most companies that currently use paper-based and even web-based communication vehicles for their corporate performance reports are not realizing the full potential value of these communications – either for themselves or for their stakeholders. This may be due in part to the fact that historically reports have not sufficiently engaged ‘direct stakeholders’, i.e. employees, customers, investors, suppliers and local communities. In this paper we review the recent history of environmental and social reporting and conclude that, whilst much progress has been made, significant challenges remain. Most notably these challenges include (i) the avoidance of engagement fatigue by stakeholders and opinion formers alike and (ii) the extension of triple-bottom-line principles from corporate headquarters into business unit operations. Conversely there is enormous potential for addressing these challenges and creating significant value for both corporations and their stakeholders through the development of truly interactive (cybernetic) corporate sustainability reports and communications delivered via the internet and other channels. We explore some of the implications of what we believe to be an inevitable transition in how these communications will be orchestrated. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment

Factors contributing to teachers' successful implementation of IT

Abstract: It has become increasingly important for educators to examine successful ICT implementations with the aim of understanding precisely what makes them successful in teaching and learning. In this study, an analysis of data from qualitative case studies of four Canadian schools illuminates factors that facilitate successful ICT implementation. Findings suggest that informal ICT education, such as 'just-in-time' learning, is most influential. Furthermore, supportive and collaborative relationships among teachers, a commitment to pedagogically sound implementation of new technologies, and Principals who encourage teachers to engage in their own learning are viewed as highly useful factors.