York University

About: York University is a education organization based out in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Politics. The organization has 18899 authors who have published 43357 publications receiving 1568560 citations.

Priority Ranking and Consensus Formation

Abstract: This paper investigates the problem of combining ordinal preferences, expressed as priority vectors, to form a consensus. An axiomatic structure relating to the concept of distance between rankings is developed, uniqueness of the distance measure is proven and its form derived. Adopting the median ranking as a form of consensus, it is shown that this ranking can be determined, in the case of complete rankings, by solving a certain assignment problem. The results are compared and contrasted to earlier work due to Arrow, Kendall, Kemeny and Snell, and Bogart.

Mapping Consumer Power: An Integrative Framework for Marketing and Consumer Research

Abstract: To help shape a more cohesive research program in marketing and consumer research, this paper presents a systematic effort to integrate current research on consumer empowerment with highly influential theories of power. We develop a conceptual overview of power consisting of three dominant theoretical models onto which we map existing consumer empowerment research. A synthetic review focuses on three perspectives of consumer power: consumer sovereignty, cultural power and discursive power, drawing from sociological, philosophical and economic literature. These models are then applied to consumer research to illuminate research applications and insights. Research of consumer empowerment has grown significantly over the last decade. Yet, researchers drawing from a variety of intellectual and methodological traditions have generated a multitude of heuristic simplifications and mid-level theories of power to inform their empirical and conceptual explorations. This reviews helps clarify consumer empowerment, and offers a useful map for future research. Researchers in consumer empowerment need to understand the historical development of power, and to contextualize research within conflicting perspectives on empowerment. The paper makes several contributions: 1) organizes a currently cluttered field of consumer empowerment research, 2) connects consumer and marketing research to high-level theorizations of power, and 3) outlines specific avenues for future research.

Spindles, spindle plaques, and meiosis in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae (hansen)

Abstract: The intranuclear spindle of yeast has an electron-opaque body at each pole These spindle plaques lie on the nuclear envelope During mitosis the spindle elongates while the nuclear membranes remain intact After equatorial constriction there are two daughted nuclei, each with one spindle plaque The spindle plaque then duplicates so that two side-by-side plaques are produced These move rapidly apart and rotate so that they bracket a stable 08 µm spindle Later, during mitosis, this spindle elongates, etc Yeast cells placed on sporulation medium soon enter meiosis After 4 hr the spindle plaques of the more mature cells duplicate, producing a stable side-by-side arrangement Subsequently the plaques move apart to bracket a 08 µm spindle which immediately starts to elongate When this meiosis I spindle reaches its maximum length of 3–5 µm, each of the plaques at the poles of the spindle duplicates and the resulting side-by-side plaques increase in size The nucleus does not divide The large side-by-side plaques separate and bracket a short spindle of about 1 µm which elongates gradually to 2 or 3 µm Thus there are two spindles within one nucleus at meiosis II To the side of each of the four plaques a bulge forms on the nucleus The four bulges enlarge while the original nucleus shrinks These four developing ascospore nuclei are partially surrounded by cytoplasm and by a prospore wall which originates from the cytoplasmic side of the spindle plaque Eventually the spore nuclei pinch off and the spore wall closes In some of the larger yeast cells this development is completed after 8 hr on sporulation medium