York University

About: York University is a education organization based out in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 18899 authors who have published 43357 publications receiving 1568560 citations.

Perspectives on Information Overload

Abstract: T he notion of information overload has received a fair measure of attention in the consumer behavior literature. Early research on the phenomenon (Jacoby 1974; Jacoby, Kohn, and Speller 1973; Jacoby, Speller, and Berning 1974; Jacoby, Speller, and Kohn 1974) suggested that there could be dysfunctional consequences resulting from providing consumers with "too much" information. These studies soon spawned critics (Russo 1974; Summers 1974; Wilkie 1974), rejoinders (Jacoby 1977; Jacoby, Speller, and Beming 1975) and additional empirical work (Scammon 1977; Staelin and Payne 1976). While the critics raised a variety of technical issues regarding the empirical procedures employed (e.g., what are the best ways to operationalize information and decision quality, should one correct for guessing as a function of the number of brands available, and so on), Jacoby was perhaps his own severest critic. This occurred primarily in two articles which appear to have attracted negligible attention and which, when cited, seem not to be recognized as the fundamental critiques that they are. The first paper (Jacoby 1975) begins by summarizing the results of several additional overload studies (including some conducted outside of the U.S. and others involving authentic subject motivation-that is, test situations in which the consumer actually kept the product selected), all of which seemed to confirm an overload effect and most of which were likely to have been published in the climate of those times. The purpose of the paper was to describe the evolution of my thinking. Accordingly, the second half raised and discussed several fundamental issues, all of which focused on the inability of the traditional overload research paradigm-as advanced and researched by Jacoby-to capture and model the real world. These same arguments are made even more explicit in the second paper, which concluded that the information overload research paradigm had limited ability to provide a suitable basis for real-world managerial and policy decisions (Jacoby, Speller, and Berning 1975, p. 155). Thus by 1976, the literature contained ample cause for concern about attempts to employ the basic overload approach to answer applied questions. Yet the flow of such research has not abated. Indeed, some researchers even rely on the overload paradigm to argue for both sides of the issue. As a case in point, consider the papers by Malhotra (1982) and Malhotra et al. (1982). In April 1982, an article by Malhotra, Jain, and Lagakos entitled "The Information Overload Controversy: An Alternative Viewpoint" appeared in the Journal of Marketing. This article reanalyzed the data from three prior overload investigations-two in the Journal of Consumer Research (Jacoby, Speller, and Kohn Berning 1974; Scammon 1977) and one in the Journal of Marketing Research (Jacoby, Speller, and Kohn 1974)-and arrived at the following conclusions (Malhotra et al. 1982, p. 35):

Search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at √=s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Abstract: Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses 20.3 fb(-1) of root s = 8 TeV data collected in 2012 ...

Association Between Wait Time and 30-Day Mortality in Adults Undergoing Hip Fracture Surgery.

Abstract: Importance Although wait times for hip fracture surgery have been linked to mortality and are being used as quality-of-care indicators worldwide, controversy exists about the duration of the wait that leads to complications. Objective To use population-based wait-time data to identify the optimal time window in which to conduct hip fracture surgery before the risk of complications increases. Design, Setting, and Participants Population-based, retrospective cohort study of adults undergoing hip fracture surgery between April 1, 2009, and March 31, 2014, at 72 hospitals in Ontario, Canada. Risk-adjusted restricted cubic splines modeled the probability of each complication according to wait time. The inflection point (in hours) when complications began to increase was used to define early and delayed surgery. To evaluate the robustness of this definition, outcomes among propensity-score matched early and delayed surgical patients were compared using percent absolute risk differences (RDs, with 95% CIs). Exposure Time elapsed from hospital arrival to surgery (in hours). Main Outcomes and Measures Mortality within 30 days. Secondary outcomes included a composite of mortality or other medical complications (myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and pneumonia). Results Among 42 230 patients with hip fracture (mean [SD] age, 80.1 years [10.7], 70.5% women) who met study entry criteria, overall mortality at 30 days was 7.0%. The risk of complications increased when wait times were greater than 24 hours, irrespective of the complication considered. Compared with 13 731 propensity-score matched patients who received surgery earlier, 13 731 patients who received surgery after 24 hours had a significantly higher risk of 30-day mortality (898 [6.5%] vs 790 [5.8%]; % absolute RD, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.23-1.35) and the composite outcome (1680 [12.2%]) vs 1383 [10.1%]; % absolute RD, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.43-2.89). Conclusions and Relevance Among adults undergoing hip fracture surgery, increased wait time was associated with a greater risk of 30-day mortality and other complications. A wait time of 24 hours may represent a threshold defining higher risk.

Maximal vector computation in large data sets

Abstract: Finding the maximals in a collection of vectors is relevant to many applications. The maximal set is related to the convex hull---and hence, linear optimization---and nearest neighbors. The maximal vector problem has resurfaced with the advent of skyline queries for relational databases and skyline algorithms that are external and relationally well behaved.The initial algorithms proposed for maximals are based on divide-and-conquer. These established good average and worst case asymptotic running times, showing it to be O(n) average-case. where n is the number of vectors. However, they are not amenable to externalizing. We prove, furthermore, that their performance is quite bad with respect to the dimensionality, k, of the problem. We demonstrate that the more recent external skyline algorithms are actually better behaved, although they do not have as good an apparent asymptotic complexity. We introduce a new external algorithm, LESS, that combines the best features of these. experimentally evaluate its effectiveness and improvement over the field, and prove its average-case running time is O(kn).