Showing papers by "Zhejiang Gongshang University published in 2005"

Effects of chitosan coating on shelf life of cold-stored litchi fruit at ambient temperature

Abstract: Postharvest pericarp browning of litchi fruit results in an accelerated loss in shelf life and a reduced commercial value. Visual quality was lost in only 6 h at ambient temperature when fruit were removed from storage at 2 °C, due to browning. The experiment was conducted to test the role of chitosan coating in inhibiting skin browning and extending shelf life of cold-stored litchi fruit at ambient temperature. Litchi fruit were treated with 2 g chitosan/100 g solution and then stored for 20 days at 2 °C and 90–95% relative humidity (RH), prior to shelf life evaluation at 25 °C and 80–90% RH. Changes in polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, anthocyanin concentration, colour index, eating quality and concentrations of total soluble solids and titratable acidity were measured. The effects of chitosan coating on disease incidence were also evaluated. Application of chitosan coating delayed the decrease in anthocyanin content, the increase in PPO activity and the changes in colour index and eating quality, reduced the decrease in concentrations of total soluble solids and titratable acidity, and partially inhibited decay. The results suggested that treatment with chitosan coating exhibited a potential for shelf life extension at ambient temperature when litchi fruit were removed from cold storage.

Weighted support vector machine for classification with uneven training class sizes

Abstract: In the standard support vector machines for classification, training sets with uneven class sizes results in classification biases towards the class with the large training size. That is to say, the larger the training sample size for one class is, the smaller its corresponding classification error rate is, while the smaller the sample size, the larger the classification error rate. The main causes lie in that the penalty of misclassification for each training sample is considered equally. Weighted support vector machines for classification are proposed in this paper where penalty of misclassification for each training sample is different. By setting the equal penalty for the training samples belonging to same class, and setting the ratio of penalties for different classes to the inverse ratio of the training class sizes, the obtained weighted support vector machines compensate for the undesirable effects caused by the uneven training class size, and the classification accuracy for the class with small training size is improved. Experimental simulations on breast cancer diagnosis show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Vague groups

Abstract: A vague set uses a truth grade of membership and a false grade of membership to indicate the positive evidence and the negative evidence, respectively. A vague set can overcome the problem that the grade of membership of a fuzzy set can not distinguish the two evidences from each other. However, the algebraic structures of vague sets are still not obtained. To solve the problem, this paper fuses vague sets and a class of fuzzy groups, presents the vague groups (VGs), puts forward and proves the following three theorems: 1) the vague homomorphism theorem; 2) vague Caushy lemma, and 3) vague Sylow theorem. In the structural properties of VGs, this paper solves the problems of the preservation of operations, the sameness of structures, and the relation between the number of order and the structure of VG. VGs also overcome the drawback of a class of fuzzy groups whose operations can not distinguish the positive evidence from the negative evidence.

The preparation and the application of grafted polytetrafluoroethylene fiber as a cation exchanger for adsorption of heavy metals

Abstract: A novel type of weakly acidic cation exchange fiber have been prepared by 60 Co irradiation grafting with acrylic acid onto the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fiber. The exchange capacity of the grafted fiber is 3.06 mmol/g. The pH titration curve of the grafted fiber showed there is a sudden jump when pH is round 6–10, and the acidity of the grafted fiber is stronger than that of commercial weakly acidic exchange D-152 resin. The grafted fiber showed the excellent selectivity of static and dynamic adsorption for Cu 2+ , La 3+ and Pb 2+ when Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Cr 3+ , Co 2+ , Ni 3+ , Cu 2+ , Ag + , La 3+ , Pb 2+ were coexisted. The grafted fiber could be regenerated completely with almost equimolar diluted hydrochloric acid.

The changes of catechins during the fermentation of green tea.

Abstract: The dynamics of tea catechins and organic acids in fermented fluid and yeast cells were studied. The concentration of eight kinds of catechins solution decreased by from 29.6% to 47.6%, respectively, some catechins were absorbed and accumulated by yeast cells, but the amount in the cells was very low during the fermentation process. The investigation of catechins resolved in four citrate buffers with a pH range of 2.6-5.6 for 18 h showed that most catechins were stable in buffer solutions of pH 4.6 and 5.6, and significant losses took place in solutions of pH 2.6 and 3.6. However, most catechins were released and recovered by adjusting the pH value to 5.6, which suggested that catechins in extremely acidic buffer solutions might reversibly combine each other or with other compounds.

Analysis of Flavonoids in the Extracts from the Seeds of Oroxylum indicum Using High Speed Countercurrent Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Abstract: The HSCCC was successfully interfaced with a mass spectrometer possessing APCI‐ and ESI‐MS mode for the first time. The coupling system gave an excellent separation of ethyl acetate extract from the seeds of O. indicum using a solvent system composed of hexane‐ethyl acetate‐methanol‐0.2% formic acid (1:1.2:1:1); the online data of APCI‐MS and APCI‐MS‐MS provided useful information for the identification of the compounds.

Principle of image encrypting algorithm based on magic cube transformation

Abstract: A new method for digital image scrambling transformation, namely Magic Cube Transformation, was proposed and its principle was introduced. Combined with the Logistic mapping in non-linear dynamics system, an image encrypting and decrypting algorithm based on Magic Cube Transformation was designed. A natural chaotic sequence was created with the key. The image matrix was transformed with this chaotic sequence, using the Magic Cube Transformation. Then an encrypted image was resulted. The decrypting operation was the reverse process of encryption. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm can get satisfying effect. Finally, the characteristics of the algorithm were summarized and the aspects of the subsequent work were prospected.

Preparation of Triterpene Saponins from the Fruit of Momordica Charantia L. by High Speed Countercurrent Chromatography (HSCCC)

Abstract: High speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) was used for the separation of triterpene saponins of two components from silica gel column chromatography of bitter gourd crude extract (Momordica charantia L), with two biphasic solvent systems composed of methyl tert‐butyl ether‐n‐butanol‐methnaol‐water in the proportions of 1∶2∶1∶5 and 1∶3∶1∶5 (v/v), respectively. Four compounds, goyaglycoside‐e, momordicoside L, goyaglycoside‐a, and momordicoside K were obtained and confirmed by means of ESI‐MS, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR.

Enhancing coordination in global cooperative software design

Abstract: Global cooperative software design is a formidable task because of the communication and coordination issues. While rescheduling of the tasks is necessary to reduce the impact of communication delay, the dependence of tasks must be well handled. Multiple component status transition graph (MCSTG) describes task dependence within and between components efficiently and support the handle of task dependence. A computer-aided notification mechanism was developed on the basis of MCSTG. The automatic mechanism avoids the task conflicts in coordination while minimizing the cost in project tracking.

An Approach of the Grey Modelling Based on cotx Transformation

Abstract: In this paper, based on trigonometric function transformation, a new method of enhancing smooth degree of the standardized discrete data sequence is put forward. It is proved that the smooth degree of the standardized discrete data (sequence) can be greatly improved by using this transformation, Compared with logarithmic function method and power function method,the function method can greatly improve the smooth degree. At last, the method is used to build a model of passenger capacity in china. The practical results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Putting Things into Perspective: The Realities of Accountability in East Timor, Indonesia and Cambodia

Abstract: This monograph, based on first hand experience as well as academic research, draws out the many lessons that can be learned from the accountability experiments in East Timor, Indonesia and Cambodia.

Extreme programming for distributed legacy system reengineering

Abstract: Reverse engineering is an imperfect process when comprehending a legacy system with large volume of source code and complicated business rules. It is important for the adopted software process to shorten the time to market and minimize the risks especially in distributed environment. In this paper, extreme programming (XP) was evaluated in a distributed legacy system reengineering project to handle the imperfect system requirement and response to rapid business request combination while the customer was offshore. Some important adjustment was made to the XP process according to the project environment. The reengineering tasks of large scale were divided into several subtasks through evolving reengineering. XP made these tasks comparatively independent, reduced the workload of analysis in reverse engineering, and improved the performance of analysis. Localized analysis made testing and tracing easier, so the complexity of reengineering project was reduced. Evolving reengineering helped us to conduct and fulfil reverse engineering and forward engineering in parallel and shorten project lifecycle. XP enabled us to deliver better quality code in a shorter period of time with low cost.

Maximizing customer satisfaction in maintenance of software product family

Abstract: Customer satisfaction and cost are very important factors in software maintenance. However, the tradeoff between them is formidable in maintenance of software_product family. This paper suggests a decision tree method to improve multi-customer satisfaction adaptively with the available human resource. An experiment was conducted in the maintenance department of a Chinese software vendor who has provided more than 1000 hotels with its proprietary hotel information management system. The machine learning approach improved customer satisfaction with the same human resource cost

Membranes for process : separation in food and biological engineering

Abstract: In this issue we have looked at membrane applications in industrial wastewater ( page 28 ), as well as the impact membranes are having on the advancement of desalination of seawater ( page 20 ). Now we turn our attention to ‘process’ – food and biological engineering – and Cai Bang-xiao from Zhejiang Gongshang University looks at membrane technology used to separate biological substances…

Studies on the difference of some physiological indexes of vesicle collapse and granulation of Ponkan mandarin fruit

Abstract: The physiological differences among vesicle collapse fruit and granulation fruit and normal fruit of Ponkan mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) were measured in this study. The results showed that the weight loss and respiratory rate in vesicle collapse fruit were significantly higher than those of granulated fruit and normal fruit, but the water potential and juice yield were significandy lower than those of the latter fruit in juice vesicles. The abscisic acid was accumulated largely in vesicle collapse fruit, and a large number of 14C-labelled glucose in vesicle collapse fruit was transformed into insoluble materials , as granulated fruit did. These results indicated that the physiological mechanism of vesicle collapse might be due to the change of the normal metabolism induced by rapid and severe loss of moisture in fruit, and made the soluble nutritive material reduced and the juice vesicles collapsed.

Existence theorems for solutions of variational inequalities

Abstract: The existence of nonzero solutions for a class of generalized variational inequalities is studied by fixed point index approach for multi-valued mappings in finite dimensional spaces and reflexive Banach spaces.

Subspace based blind multiuser detection asynchronous MC-CDMA systems

Abstract: Firstly, this paper extends the subspace based intersymbol decorrelating (IS-DEC) detector for code division multiple access (CDMA) system to multicarrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) system. Secondly, a modified projection approximation subspace tracking deflation (M-PASTd) algorithm is proposed and developed elaborately. Then, the M-PASTd algorithm is applied to the blind adaptive implementation of IS-DEC detector for uplink of MC-CDMA systems. Simulation results show that the IS-DEC detector implemented by M-PASTd has good similarity with the optimal decorrelating detector, and provides better bit error rate (BER) performance.

Strategy of mass customization-based service product innovation

Abstract: This paper synthesizes service innovation and mass customization to probe into strategy of mass customization-based service product innovation (MCSPI). Firstly, a review of related literatures is presented. Secondly, a primary architecture of strategy of MCSPI is set up, including service product innovation of sectional modularity and of bus modularity. Thirdly, we investigate Zhejiang mobile telecommunication service in China to verify and amend theoretical analysis above. Finally, conclusions are given.

The Modernization Review on Traditional Chinese Meat Products

Abstract: The varieties, advantages, disadvantages and the problems of processing technology , equipment of traditional chinesemeat products were reviewed. Industrialization of the traditional Chinese meat products would be the only way to solve theproblem. In this program, the original characteristics of the traditional meat products should be kept, ovhile the enterprises shouldcooperate with research institutions to make use of the modern Hi-Tech.

Sorption of Mo(VI) by 4-aminopyridine resin

Abstract: Experimental results indicated that the resin of 4-aminopyridine (4-APR) showed good ability to adsorb Mo(Ⅵ) at pH=4.1 in the HAc-NaAc medium.The statically saturated sorption capacity was 594 mg Mo(Ⅵ)·(g resin)~(-1),Mo(Ⅵ) adsorbed on 4-APR could be eluted by 3 mol·L~(-1) HCl or 3 mol·L~(-1 )NaOH quantitatively. The sorption rate constants determined at various temperatures were respectively k_(15℃)=2.24×10~(-5) s~(-1),k_(25℃)=3.30×10~(-5) s~(-1),k_(35℃)=4.79×10~(-5) s~(-1),and k_(45℃)=6.85×10~(-5) s~(-1).The sorption apparent activation energy E_a was 29.1 kJ·mol~(-1).The sorption mechanism showed that the nitrogen atoms of the functional group of 4-APR coordinated with Mo(Ⅵ) to form coordination bonds,and the coordination molar ratio of [4-AP] to Mo(Ⅵ) was 1∶2.

Measuring supply chain flexibility and selecting supplier based on supply contract

Abstract: This paper focuses on the flexibility of supply chain, and briefly reviews concept and different aspect of SC flexibility. Uncertainty in the supply process raises the issue of flexibility, where the supply lead-time and demand quantity are the two most common changes occurring in supply chain, the author applies fuzzy set theory to give the representation for those variables. Then model the supply chain flexibility based on supply contract. Besides it, develops a supplier selection method. Finally, an illustrative example is given for demonstration.

Research Progress on Chemical Constituents, Physiological Function and Application of Mulberry Leaves

Abstract: Mulberry leaf is one of the traditional Chinese herbs. Threre are various effective ingredients in mulberry leaves. Theyare mineral constituents, vitamins, food fibers, amino acid, plant sterols, flavones, alkaloids, polysaccharides, and so on. Mulberryleaves have such physiological function as lowering blood glucose, lowering blood pressure, lowering cholesterol, resisting decrepitude,keeping digestive and excretory system healthy, preventing and resisting cancer, improving the immune ability, etc. The researchprogress on Chemical Constituents and physiological functions of mulberry leaves in recent years both at home and abroad issummarized and the exploitation and utilization of mulberry leaves in the field of health care are reported in this paper.

Improving reliability and speed in service mass customization: a case study in Chinese restaurant

Abstract: The paper explores the key issues on improving reliability and speed in service mass customization based on a case study of Chinese restaurant. Findings are given in terms of integration of 3 "Ps" in service operation, modular product and process design, rationalization of information flow, role of service delivery in the mixed service provision and incorporation of customers' participation into service process.

Isolation of acid blue B-degrading Fusarium sp.HJ01 and the studies on its degradation characteristics

Abstract: An acid blue B-degrading strain (Fusarium sp.)HJ01 was isolated from bentonite. The growing characteristics and kinetics, the characteristics of enzymatic biodegradation of Fusarium sp. HJ01 were analyzed. And the effects of biomass on decolorization of acid blue B in aqueous samples were reported. The results showed that the pH range between 6 and 7 for growth of Fusarium sp. HJ01 was feasible, and the sucrose and NH_4Cl,is also feasible for carbon source and nitrogen source respectively. The growth kinetics of Fusarium sp. HJ01 was fitted by the modified logistic law model. The molecular weight of laccase from Fusarium sp. HJ01 was approximately 66kD analyzed by SDS-PAGE, and laccase activity was up to from 431?U·mg~(-1)·s~(-1) to 812?U·mg~(-1)·s~(-1) at the condition of low nitrogen source. The Fusarium sp. HJ01 incubated for 96?h at 25 ℃ were added to the liquid medium containing acid blue B (100?mg·L~(-1)). And when cultured continuously for another 96?h, the decolorization rate of acid blue B was up to 100%. The ultraviolet-visible spectrum showed that the chromophore anthraquinone ring of acid blue B was broken down by laccase.

Commutators of multipliers on Hardy spaces

Abstract: Let T be the multiplier operator associated to a multiplier m, and [b,T] be the commutator generated by T and a BMO function b. In this paper, the authors have proved that [b, T] is bounded from the Hardy spaceH 1(ℝ n ) into the weakL 1(ℝ n ) space and from certain atomic Hardy spaceH 1 (ℝ n into the Lebesgue spaceL 1(ℝ n ), when the multiplier m satisfies the conditions of Hormander type.