Zhejiang Gongshang University

About: Zhejiang Gongshang University is a education organization based out in Hangzhou, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Computer science & Chemistry. The organization has 8258 authors who have published 7670 publications receiving 90296 citations. The organization is also known as: Zhèjiāng Gōngshāng Dàxué.

Comparative genomic analysis of Lactobacillus plantarum ZJ316 reveals its genetic adaptation and potential probiotic profiles

Abstract: In previous studies, Lactobacillus plantarum ZJ316 showed probiotic properties, such as antimicrobial activity against various pathogens and the capacity to significantly improve pig growth and pork quality. The purpose of this study was to reveal the genes potentially related to its genetic adaptation and probiotic profiles based on comparative genomic analysis. The genome sequence of L. plantarum ZJ316 was compared with those of eight L. plantarum strains deposited in GenBank. BLASTN, Mauve, and MUMmer programs were used for genome alignment and comparison. CRISPRFinder was applied for searching the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs). We identified genes that encode proteins related to genetic adaptation and probiotic profiles, including carbohydrate transport and metabolism, proteolytic enzyme systems and amino acid biosynthesis, CRISPR adaptive immunity, stress responses, bile salt resistance, ability to adhere to the host intestinal wall, exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis, and bacteriocin biosynthesis. Comparative characterization of the L. plantarum ZJ316 genome provided the genetic basis for further elucidating the functional mechanisms of its probiotic properties. ZJ316 could be considered a potential probiotic candidate.

Chameleon-like Behavior of the Directing Group in the Rh(III)-Catalyzed Regioselective C–H Amidation of Indole: An Experimental and Computational Study

Abstract: The Rh(III)-catalyzed regioselective C–H amidation of N-methoxy-1H-indole-1-carboxamides by 1,4,2-dioxazol-5-ones was studied. N-Methoxy amide, the directing group (DG) of interest, undergoes four ...

Network Programmability With ForCES

Abstract: Network programmability has re-emerged as a top item of the networking research agenda since Software Defined Networking (SDN) gained wide acceptance simultaneously in vendor product line plans and operator expectations for future deployments. Key ingredients for the successful deployment of SDN technologies are standardized models, mechanisms, and protocols for the separation of the control and forwarding planes. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standardization effort on Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) has published a set of standards track documents which specify in detail a comprehensive architectural framework and the respective standard protocols which can be employed to implement the separation of these two planes in a flexible, scalable, and vendor-agnostic yet fully interoperable manner. The IETF standards on ForCES define how to achieve said separation through a complete and modular system model of the forwarding plane elements. In the ForCES model every network element is composed of numerous logically separate and well-defined functional entities that cooperate to provide the desired overall functionality, such as a routing or IP switching. The elegance of the model lies in the fact that a ForCES-based implementation of a network element is indistinguishable from a traditional (“closed-box”) network element and therefore can be deployed in the field without any need for migration to a new architecture. Conversely, ForCES allows for rapid prototyping and agile deployment of new architectures as emphasis is placed on software-defined functionality and full programmability. The difference of ForCES from other SDN approaches that depend on logically centralized controllers and the deployment of solely simple or “dumb” switches is that ForCES standards provide a complete toolbox to design, implement, and interoperate ForCES-based network elements with both previously deployed infrastructures as well as in experimental or early-deployment phase endeavors. An example of the former is the implementation of 3GPP-standardized network elements such as a packet gateway (PGW). Examples of the latter include the use of ForCES for network function virtualization (NFV) proofs-of-concepts. This paper surveys the programmable networks and SDN area and provides a comprehensive tutorial on ForCES by summarizing numerous standards documents and thus making the technology easily understood by the wider research community. We present the design goals, choices, and tradeoffs for this standardized approach for network programmability and provide a thorough primer on the ForCES model and protocol. This paper also surveys recent independent interoperable implementations that showcase the full spectrum of ForCES applications in the era of NFV and SDN.

The COVID-19 Infodemic: Infodemiology Study Analyzing Stigmatizing Search Terms.

Abstract: Background: In the context of the COVID-19 infodemic, the global profusion of monikers and hashtags for COVID-19 have found their way into daily communication and contributed to a backlash against China and the Chinese people. Objective: This study examines public engagement in crisis communication about COVID-19 during the early epidemic stage and the practical strategy of social mobilization to mitigate the infodemic. Methods: We retrieved the unbiased values of the top-ranked search phrases between December 30, 2019, and July 15, 2020, which normalized the anonymized, categorized, and aggregated samples from Google Search data. This study illustrates the most-searched terms, including the official COVID-19 terms, the stigmatized terms, and other controls, to measure the collective behavioral propensities to stigmatized terms and to explore the global reaction to the COVID-19 epidemic in the real world. We calculated the ratio of the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases to the regional population as the cumulative rate (R) of a specific country or territory and calculated the Gini coefficient (G) to measure the collective heterogeneity of crowd behavior. Results: People around the world are using stigmatizing terms on Google Search, and these terms were used earlier than the official names. Many stigmatized monikers against China (eg, “Wuhan pneumonia,” G=0.73; “Wuhan coronavirus,” G=0.60; “China pneumonia,” G=0.59; “China coronavirus,” G=0.52; “Chinese coronavirus,” G=0.50) had high collective heterogeneity of crowd behavior between December 30, 2019, and July 15, 2020, while the official terms “COVID-19” (G=0.44) and “SARS-CoV-2” (G=0.42) have not become de facto standard usages. Moreover, the pattern of high consistent usage was observed in 13 territories with low cumulative rates (R) between January 16 and July 15, 2020, out of 58 countries and territories that have reported confirmed cases of COVID-19. In the scientific literature, multifarious naming practices may have provoked unintended negative impacts by stigmatizing Chinese people. The World Health Organization; the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; and the media initiated campaigns for fighting back against the COVID-19 infodemic with the same mission but in diverse voices. Conclusions: Infodemiological analysis can articulate the collective propensities to stigmatized monikers across search behaviors, which may reflect the collective sentiment of backlash against China and Chinese people in the real world. The full-fledged official terms are expected to fight back against the resilience of negative perceptual bias amid the COVID-19 epidemic. Such official naming efforts against the infodemic should be met with a fair share of identification in scientific conventions and sociocultural paradigms. As an integral component of preparedness, appropriate nomenclatures should be duly assigned to the newly identified coronavirus, and social mobilization in a uniform voice is a priority for combating the next infodemic.