Journal•ISSN: 2366-0058
Abdominal Radiology
Springer Nature
About: Abdominal Radiology is an academic journal published by Springer Nature. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Magnetic resonance imaging & Sign (mathematics). It has an ISSN identifier of 2366-0058. Over the lifetime, 2687 publications have been published receiving 29816 citations. The journal is also known as: The official journal of the Society of Abdominal Radiology.
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TL;DR: This work discusses general trends pertaining to geographic region, age, gender, ethnicity, impact of surveillance on survival, mortality, and future trends.
Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Incidence rates of liver cancer vary widely between geographic regions and are highest in Eastern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. In the United States, the incidence of HCC has increased since the 1980s. HCC detection at an early stage through surveillance and curative therapy has considerably improved the 5-year survival. Therefore, medical societies advocate systematic screening and surveillance of target populations at particularly high risk for developing HCC to facilitate early-stage detection. Risk factors for HCC include cirrhosis, chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), excess alcohol consumption, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, family history of HCC, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and smoking. Medical societies utilize risk estimates to define target patient populations in which imaging surveillance is recommended (risk above threshold) or in which the benefits of surveillance are uncertain (risk unknown or below threshold). All medical societies currently recommend screening and surveillance in patients with cirrhosis and subsets of patients with chronic HBV; some societies also include patients with stage 3 fibrosis due to HCV as well as additional groups. Thus, target population definitions vary between regions, reflecting cultural, demographic, economic, healthcare priority, and biological differences. The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) defines different patient populations for surveillance and for diagnosis and staging. We also discuss general trends pertaining to geographic region, age, gender, ethnicity, impact of surveillance on survival, mortality, and future trends.
321 citations
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TL;DR: The prevalence of obesity has been rising steadily over the last several decades and is currently at unprecedented levels: more than 68% of US adults are considered overweight, and 35% are obese.
Abstract: The prevalence of obesity has been rising steadily over the last several decades and is currently at unprecedented levels: more than 68% of US adults are considered overweight, and 35% are obese (Flegal et al., JAMA 303:235–241, 2010). This increase has occurred across every age, sex, race, and smoking status, and data indicate that segments of individuals in the highest weight categories (i.e., BMI > 40 kg/m2) have increased proportionately more than those in lower BMI categories (BMI < 35 kg/m2). The dramatic rise in obesity has also occurred in many other countries, and the causes of this increase are not fully understood (Hill and Melanson, Med Sci Sports Exerc 31:S515–S521, 1999).
281 citations
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TL;DR: The field of radiogenomics originates from image processing techniques developed decades ago; however, many technical and clinical challenges still need to be addressed.
Abstract: From diagnostics to prognosis to response prediction, new applications for radiomics are rapidly being developed. One of the fastest evolving branches involves linking imaging phenotypes to the tumor genetic profile, a field commonly referred to as "radiogenomics." In this review, a general outline of radiogenomic literature concerning prominent mutations across different tumor sites will be provided. The field of radiogenomics originates from image processing techniques developed decades ago; however, many technical and clinical challenges still need to be addressed. Nevertheless, increasingly accurate and robust radiogenomic models are being presented and the future appears to be bright.
180 citations
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TL;DR: Adding a radiomics signature into conventional clinical variables can significantly improve the accuracy of the preoperative model in predicting early recurrence (P = 0.01) and perform better for preoperative estimation ofEarly recurrence than with clinical variables alone.
Abstract: To develop a CT-based radiomics signature and assess its ability for preoperatively predicting the early recurrence (≤1 year) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 215 HCC patients who underwent partial hepatectomy were enrolled in this retrospective study, and all the patients were followed up at least within 1 year. Radiomics features were extracted from arterial- and portal venous-phase CT images, and a radiomics signature was built by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression model. Preoperative clinical factors associated with early recurrence were evaluated. A radiomics signature, a clinical model, and a combined model were built, and the area under the curve (AUC) of operating characteristics (ROC) was used to explore their performance to discriminate early recurrence. Twenty-one radiomics features were chosen from 300 candidate features to build a radiomics signature that was significantly associated with early recurrence (P < 0.001), and they presented good performance in the discrimination of early recurrence alone with an AUC of 0.817 (95% CI: 0.758–0.866), sensitivity of 0.794, and specificity of 0.699. The AUCs of the clinical and combined models were 0.781 (95% CI: 0.719–0.834) and 0.836 (95% CI: 0.779–0.883), respectively, with the sensitivity being 0.784 and 0.824, and the specificity being 0.619 and 0.708, respectively. Adding a radiomics signature into conventional clinical variables can significantly improve the accuracy of the preoperative model in predicting early recurrence (P = 0.01). The radiomics signature was a significant predictor for early recurrence in HCC. Incorporating radiomics signature into conventional clinical factors performed better for preoperative estimation of early recurrence than with clinical variables alone.
170 citations
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TL;DR: MRI utilizing the hepatobiliary agent gadoxetate has the highest overall sensitivity and PPV, and may be the single optimal method for diagnosis of HCC, while non-contrast-enhanced US has the lowest sensitivity andPPV.
Abstract: Purpose
To compare the per-lesion sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
166 citations