Showing papers in "Academia-revista Latinoamericana De Administracion in 2017"

Relationship between work-family balance, employee well-being and job performance

Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of the existence of and access to different work-family policies on employee well-being (EWB) and job performance. Design/methodology/approach Hypothesis testing was performed using a structural equation model based on a PLS-SEM approach applied to a sample of 1,511 employees of the Spanish banking sector. Findings The results obtained demonstrate that the existence and true access to different types of work-family policies such as flexible working hours (flexi-time), long leaves, and flexible work location (flexi-place) are not directly related to job performance, but indirectly so, when mediated by the well-being of employees generated by work-family policies. In a similar vein, true access to employee and family support services also has an indirect positive impact on job performance mediated by the well-being produced. In contrast, the mere existence of employee and family support services does not have any direct or indirect effect on job performance. Originality/value This study makes a theoretical and empirical contribution to better understand the impact that of the existence of and access to work-family policies on job performance mediated by EWB. In this sense, the authors posited and tested an unpublished theoretical model where the concept of EWB gains special relevance at academic and organizational level due to its implications for human resource management.

Understanding competition and service offer in museum marketing

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore the current role of competition as one of the neglected aspects of museum marketing management. It also aims to discover whether museum professionals consider museums to be market immune and to find out what they think about the role of competition in creating and managing their existing and new services.,The theoretical part of the paper is based on a review of the literature from the multidisciplinary field of arts and museum marketing management. The exploratory qualitative research included 17 museum professionals and was carried out in 17 museums in one EU emerging market country.,Museum professionals are not aware of the competition, or they tend to ignore its existence. They consider the preservation of objects (exhibits) to be equally or even more important than providing services. However, additional services become important. Although some museum professionals try to engage visitors in the active creation of museum experience, most are still conservative in such terms.,The primary research limitations are related to intentional, convenience sample and the perspective of one employee (marketing manager or museums’ director).,Research findings provide valuable insights for both marketing academics and professionals engaged in the museum marketing management field. The contribution of the paper is also contextual as it helps to bridge the gap existing in museum marketing management research in the context of the emerging markets.,El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar el papel actual de la competencia, como uno de los aspectos que ha recibido escasa atencion en la gestion del marketing de museos. Ademas, busca descubrir si los profesionales de museos consideran los museos inmunes al mercado, y conocer como reflexionan sobre el papel de la competencia en la creacion y la gestion de los servicios existentes y los nuevos.,La parte teorica del trabajo se basa en la revision de la literatura del campo multidisciplinario de la gestion de las artes y del marketing de museos. La investigacion cualitativa exploratoria ha incluido 17 profesionales de museos y se ha realizado en 17 museos, en un pais emergente de la Union Europea.,Los profesionales de museos no son conscientes de la competencia, o tienden a ignorar su existencia. Consideran la conservacion de objetos (exposiciones) igual o incluso mas importante que la prestacion de servicios. Sin embargo, los servicios adicionales estan ganando en importancia. Si bien algunos profesionales de museos tratan de involucrar a los visitantes en la creacion activa de la experiencia del museo, la mayoria de ellos todavia son conservadores con respecto a esta idea.,Las limitaciones principales de la investigacion serefieren a la muestra intencional de conveniencia y el punto de vista de solo un empleado (gerente de marketing o director de museo).,Los resultados de este estudio proporcionan informacion valiosa tanto para los academicos de marketing como para los profesionales que trabajan en el campo de la gestion de marketing de museos. Ademas, la contribucion de este trabajo es contextual puesto que ayuda a llenar el vacio existente en la investigacion de la gestion de marketing de museos en el contexto de los mercados emergentes.

A causal relationship model linking corporate reputation and customer-based brand equity: a customer perspective

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to understand the precursors of corporate reputation (CR) and their impacts on brand equity (BE), and to analyse the moderating role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) perceptions.,This study proposes a theoretical model which is tested using structural equation modelling. In total, 464 valid questionnaires were collected from a sample of customers of the biggest union of dairy cooperatives of the Iberian Peninsula.,Results show that the better the reputation, the higher the BE; however, these findings are more robust among customers with higher perceptions of CSR.,This study is based on cross-sectional data from a single company.,The results may help managers build a better reputation and therefore increase their BE. CSR practices are essential to reinforcing this relationship.,This paper contributes to the competitiveness of a type of organisation which is closely associated to the social structure of the rural population.,The results may help cooperatives’ managers to increase CR and BE. The emphasis is on the need to adopt CSR practices.,O objectivo desta investigacao e compreender os antecedentes da reputacao corporativa (CR) e seus impactos sobre o valor da marca (BE) e analisar o papel moderador das percepcoes da responsabilidade social das empresas (RSE).,Este estudo propoe testar um modelo teorico utilizando a modelagem de equacoes estruturais. Quatrocentos e sessenta e quatro questionarios validos foram recolhidos de uma amostra de clientes da maior organizacao corporativa de lacticinios da Peninsula Iberica.,Os resultados mostram que uma melhor reputacao faz aumentar o valor da marca (BE). No entanto, estes resultados sao mais robustos entre os clientes com percepcoes mais altas de Responsabilidade Social Corporativa.,Esta pesquisa e baseada nos dados transversais de uma empresa.,Os resultados podem ajudar os gestores a construirem uma reputacao melhor e portanto, aumentarem o valor da marca, sabendo que as praticas de RSE sao essenciais para fortalecer esse relacionamento.,Este trabalho contribui para a competitividade de um tipo de organizacao que esta associada a estrutura social da populacao rural.,Os resultados podem ajudar os gestores das cooperativas a potenciarem a melhoraria da reputacao corporativa e do valor da marca. A enfase e sobre a necessidade de adoptar praticas de RSE.

Dynamic capabilities and marketing capabilities in Portugal

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to offer an operationalization of an aggregate construct and a decisive contribution to building a dynamic capabilities theory with marketing implications. The authors investigate the influence of dynamic capabilities, specifically routine creation through embedding learning and knowledge, on marketing capabilities and performance in Portugal. The authors examine the direct relationship between dynamic capabilities and marketing capabilities, which is indirectly linked to performance depending on the effectiveness of the resulting new resource configuration.,The authors used four construct dimensions: knowledge creation routines, knowledge transfer processes, marketing capabilities, and firm performance. The study was based on an inter-industry random sample of firms selected from a commercial list. During a nine-month period the authors gathered data from a questionnaire delivered in hand to participating firms and collected through in-depth personal interviews. It was filled out by directors of Portuguese firms who agreed to participate in this study.,Second, the effect of dynamic capabilities on performance can be considered to be substantially indirect. However, the results also show a direct link between knowledge transfer and performance.,Second, the analysis of marketing capabilities from different layers, from strategic to more operational aspects.,Este artigo propoe a operacionalizacao de um construto agregado e oferece um contributo significativo para a definicao de uma teoria de capacidades dinâmicas com implicacoes ao nivel do marketing. Investigou-se a influencia das capacidades dinâmicas, especialmente a criacao de rotinas atraves da implementacao de aprendizagem e de conhecimento, nas capacidades de marketing e no desempenho empresarial, em Portugal. Testou-se a relacao direta entre capacidades dinâmicas e capacidades de marketing, que esta indirectamente ligada ao desempenho empresarial, dependendo da eficacia da configuracao de novos recursos resultante.,Utilizaram-se quatro dimensoes: rotinas de criacao de conhecimento, processos de transferencia de conhecimento, capacidades de marketing, e desempenho empresarial. Este estudo baseou-se numa amostra aleatoria inter-industrial de empresas selecionadas a partir de um cadastro comercial. Durante um periodo de nove meses, recolheram-se dados a partir de um questionario entregue em mao as empresas participantes a partir de um processo de coleta efetuado com base em entrevistas pessoais extensivas a diretores de empresas portuguesas que concordaram em participar neste estudo.,Em segundo lugar, verificou-se que o efeito das capacidades dinâmicas no desempenho empresarial e essencialmente indirecto. Ao mesmo tempo, os resultados demostram tambem uma relacao directa entre a transferencia de conhecimento e o desempenho empresarial.,Segundo, a analise das capacidades de marketing a diferentes niveis, dos mais estrategicos aos mais operacionais.

Innovation beyond technology: perspectives from Latin America

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present eight papers selected from ALTEC 2015 that provide an overview of innovation in Latin America.,This editorial seeks to define innovation by examining its conceptual foundations. It considers innovation beyond firms and technology to address other forms, such as social and institutional innovations. Thereafter, it discusses innovation in the context of Latin America and suggests means by which to stimulate it in the region. Finally, the authors present the eight papers included in this “special edition.”,The major findings of the paper are that it considers non-technological innovation within firms, innovation beyond the firm and innovation beyond technology. Moreover, it helps to better understand a core issue of innovation in Latin America, which is the focus on macroeconomic policy instead of microeconomic stimuli.,A broader understanding of the concept of innovation is of notable importance. Innovation implies the recognition of issues related to the market (firm), but also to the community (society) and to humanly devised constraints (institutions). Technology is only one part of it. For this special issue, the selected articles highlight the efforts made by different authors to contribute to innovation studies in the editors’ region.,Este numero presenta ocho manuscritos seleccionados del ALTEC 2015, que ofrecen un panorama de la innovacion en America Latina.,Esta editorial busca definir la innovacion mediante la examinacion de sus fundamentos conceptuales. Esto considera que la innovacion va mas alla de las firmas y la tecnologia para abordar otros tipos, tales como innovacion social e institucional. Posteriormente, se analiza la innovacion en el contexto de America Latina y se sugieren medios para su estimulo en la region. Finalmente, presentamos los ocho articulos incluidos en esta Edicion Especial.,Las principales conclusiones de esta editorial son que se considera la innovacion no tecnologica dentro de las firmas, la innovacion mas alla de la firma y la innovacion mas alla de la tecnologia. Ademas, esto ayuda a comprehender mejor una cuestion central de la innovacion en America Latina, que es el enfoque en politica macroeconomica en lugar de los estimulos microeconomicos.,Un mayor entendimiento del concepto de innovacion es de gran importancia. La innovacion implica el reconocimiento de las cuestiones relacionadas con el mercado (firma), pero tambien con la comunidad (sociedad) y con las restricciones humanamente concebidas (instituciones). La tecnologia es solo una parte de esta. Para esta Edicion Especial, los articulos seleccionados destacan los esfuerzos realizados por diferentes autores para contribuir a los estudios de innovacion en nuestra region.

Is organizational learning culture a good bet?: An analysis of its impact on organizational profitability and customer satisfaction

Abstract: Interest in the relationship between organizational culture and performance is not new but it still attracts considerable attention from researchers. In the literature on organizational learning, organizational culture is mainly conceived as an essential condition to facilitate and support learning and consequently as an important feature in achieving organizational performance nowadays. In the scope of this research topic, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of organizational learning culture on two organizational outcomes – profitability and customer satisfaction, and the mediation effect of total quality management (TQM) in these relationships.,The data were collected from 107 firms and the technique used for data analysis was structural equation modeling.,The results reveal a positive direct impact of organizational learning culture on organizational profitability and a positive indirect effect, through TQM, on customer satisfaction.,These findings support to a body of literature that claims the relevance of developing a cultural orientation toward learning in organizations in order to contribute to organizational success. This study also takes into account some methodological features in order to increase the quality of culture-performance research.,O interesse na relacao entre cultura organizacional e performance, embora nao sendo novo, continua a atrair uma atencao consideravel da investigacao. Na literatura sobre aprendizagem organizacional, a cultura organizacional e maioritariamente entendida como uma condicao essencial para facilitar a aprendizagem nas e das organizacoes e, consequentemente, como um aspeto importante para garantir um desempenho organizacional positivo. No âmbito desta tematica, este estudo analisa o efeito de uma cultura organizacional orientada para a aprendizagem em dois tipos distintos de resultados organizacionais – a rentabilidade e a satisfacao do cliente, assim como o papel mediador da gestao pela qualidade total nestas relacoes.,Os dados foram recolhidos numa amostra de 107 empresas e utilizaram-se modelos de equacoes estruturais para a sua analise.,Os resultados revelam um efeito positivo direto da cultura de aprendizagem na rentabilidade e um efeito positivo indireto, via gestao pela qualidade total, na satisfacao dos clientes.,Estes resultados sao consonantes com a literatura que defende a relevância de desenvolver uma orientacao cultural para a aprendizagem nas organizacoes, de forma a contribuir para o sucesso organizacional. Este estudo tem, igualmente, em consideracao varios aspetos metodologicos que visam contribuir para a qualidade da investigacao da relacao cultura-performance.

Creative economy as a social technology approach: A case study in favela da Mangueira, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the characteristics of creative economies in favelas and their potential in terms of social development from a comparison between the theory on creative economy and the characteristics of the initiatives mapped in the Mangueira favelas. Design/methodology/approach The research was based on qualitative methodology and literature review. The creative economy initiatives were mapped in the territory of Mangueira and semi-structured interviews and questionnaire of closed questions were applied with the representatives of these. The data collected were treated with the content analysis method. Findings The research mapped 17 initiatives associated with creative economy sectors in the Mangueira favelas in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The initiatives develop cultural and artistic activities that make the young people of the community aware of the history of their families, which promotes the strengthening of social ties and individual empowerment, contributing to local entrepreneurship. Practical implications The theory used in Brazil for the elaboration of public policies to promote the creative economy points to the presence of cultural and symbolic aspects in economic activities as resources for the generation of income. However, it is important to understand how this applies in different contexts, which may have or lack certain characteristics of human and physical capital pointed as essential by theory to creative economy promotion. Originality/value The results of this research go beyond the theory of creative economy and highlight characteristics of project management and impacts on social development that demonstrate how the dynamics of the creative economy in the Mangueira favelas also represent a case of social innovation using social technology tools.

Management innovation and social innovation: convergences and divergences

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to discuss recent developments in the fields of management innovation and social innovation, in order to discover any possible convergences and divergences between them.,By examining the state of the art of the literature in both fields of study, this paper proposes a framework of theoretical approaches, conceptual dimensions, goals and objectives, processes, agents, outcomes, methods, and literature gaps.,There are substantial differences between management and social innovation in terms of theoretical and conceptual foundations. Although both share similarities given the relevance of technology and their focus on social relations, their generation and diffusion processes, among their other characteristics, are distinct.,As this is a theoretical paper concerning innovations that involve social elements at their core, the challenge is to incorporate technological innovation into the theoretical framework. This would help empirically oriented research on more types of innovation.,The agenda of practitioners, scholars, government, and civil society should take different types of innovation into account, particularly those that go beyond technology.,This paper contributes to a better understanding of innovations that go beyond technology, by analysing innovations (i.e. management and social innovation) that involve social aspects at their core. Few researchers have analysed these types of innovations jointly.,O objetivo deste artigo consiste em discutir os avancos mais recentes nos campos da inovacao gerencial e da inovacao social, na busca de possiveis aspectos convergentes e divergentes entre essas tematicas.,Ao examinar o estado da arte da literatura em ambas as tematicas, propoe-se um framework de abordagens teoricas, dimensoes conceituais, metas e objetivos, processos, agentes, resultados, metodos e lacunas da literatura.,Ha diferencas substanciais entre inovacao gerencial e social em termos de fundamentos teoricos e conceituais. Embora ambas compartilhem semelhancas, dado o seu foco nas relacoes sociais e a relevância da tecnologia, seus processos de geracao e difusao, entre outras caracteristicas, sao distintos.,Como se trata de um artigo teorico sobre inovacoes que envolvem elementos sociais em sua essencia, o desafio e incorporar a inovacao tecnologica no framework teorico. Isso ajudaria pesquisas empiricamente orientadas sobre mais tipos de inovacao.,A agenda de profissionais, academicos, governo e sociedade civil deve levar em conta diferentes tipos de inovacao, particularmente aquelas que vao alem da tecnologia.,Este artigo contribui para uma melhor compreensao das inovacoes que vao alem da tecnologia, ao analisar inovacoes (no caso, as gerenciais e sociais) que possuem aspectos sociais como elementos centrais. Poucos pesquisadores analisaram conjuntamente esses tipos de inovacoes.

Family business and value-added distribution: a socioemotional wealth approach

Abstract: Purpose Research has demonstrated that family businesses limit the goal of maximizing profits in exchange for maintaining control of the company and passing control to future generations. However, these decisions are not always shared by the stakeholders who are outside the family context, making tensions arise within the company that may affect profitability and the share prices of the family business. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the internal tensions in family businesses in the value-added (VA) distribution, and whether these tensions harm their performance as a result of the restrictions under which these companies operate. Design/methodology/approach A factor analysis has been used to measure the tension that results from VA distribution of a sample of 105 Spanish listed firms for the 2005-2012 period. A regression analysis has been used to study the impact of this tension on their share prices. Findings Results show that being a family business has a positive effect on the business tension factor and that returns and share prices are inversely related to tension factors. Thus, the authors conclude that the decision to maintain control over the family business threatens profitability and share prices. Social implications An analysis of distribution of VA in family businesses sheds light on whether or not the management in its decisions preserves its socioemotional wealth (SEW) generating tensions among its economic agents, affecting its profitability and continuity. This knowledge is important for company stakeholders and future investors. Originality/value This is the first study in which the value-added statement is used to analyse how the management style of firms, and especially family businesses, are seeking to preserve their SEW and internal tensions generated by them.

Behavioural competencies and organizational performance in Italian performing arts: An exploratory study

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the behavioural competencies of directors and managers working for cultural organizations and their relationship with organizational performance.,The study adopts an ESC competency modelling process and the technique of the Behavioural Event Interview as the primary source of data collection. In particular, the authors interviewed 14 directors and managers of six performing arts organizations operating in Emilia-Romagna, a region located in Northern Italy.,Findings show that directors and managers of cultural organizations are characterized by a specific set of social and emotional (e.g. persuasion and empathy), whereas cognitive competencies, such as quantitative analysis, are less frequent. Findings highlight also that a balanced portfolio of behavioural competencies emerges as importantly correlated with high organizational performance.,Findings offer relevant managerial implications for the design and implementation of a coherent set of human resource management practices, which allow cultural organizations to reach above-average performance.,This study contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between managerial competencies and the performance of cultural organizations, taking into account specific kinds of competencies – namely, behavioural competencies – which have been neglected by the previous literature.,Este estudio pretende investigar las competencias comportamentales de los directores y managers que trabajan en las organizaciones culturales, y la relacion entre estas competencias y la el desempeno organizacional.,Este estudio usa el proceso ESC competency modelling y la tecnica de la Behavioral Event Interview. Sobre todo, entrevistamos 14 directores y managers de seis organizaciones de espectaculos en vivo que operan en Emilia-Romagna, una region del Norte de Italia.,Encontramos que los directores y managers de las organizaciones culturales muestran un conjunto especifico de competencias sociales y emocionales (persuasion, empatia, etc.), mientras que las competencias cognitivas son menos frecuentes. Hallazgos muestran tambien que un portfolio balanceado de competencias comportamentales esta correlacionado con alto desempeno organizacional.,Los Hallazgos ofrecen relevantes implicaciones administrativas por el diseno y la implementacion de un sistema coherente de practicas de recursos humanos, que permite a las organizaciones culturales conseguir un alto rendimiento organizacional.,Este articulo contribuye a una mejor comprension de la relacion entre las competencias de los managers y el desempeno de las organizaciones culturales, sobre todo considerando competencias especificas (las competencias comportamentales) que los estudios pasados han descuidado.

Searching to bridge the gaps: a new typology of university-industry interaction

Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a new typology to leverage the different knowledge gaps existing between universities and industries. This new typology classifies interactions into training-oriented, diffusion-oriented, service-oriented, development-oriented, and research-oriented. Design/methodology/approach The Brazilian 2010 Census data available from the CNPq Research Group Directory were used to test the typology. Findings It was found that, among the five types of interactions proposed, the most frequent were the development-oriented (39 per cent), diffusion-oriented (23 per cent), and research-oriented (16 per cent) ones. These findings indicate that it is likely that university-industry (U-I) interactions have improved in terms of quality in an attempt to attain a joint higher technological development. Originality/value The paper provides the U-I interaction debate with a new perspective about the kinds of interactions that could effectively bridge the knowledge gaps between universities and industries, especially in a developing country context.

Internal marketing and customer-contact employees’ attitudinal outcomes

Abstract: Purpose Higher education institutions, particularly in the case of public universities, face the challenge of creating more value in an environment of increasing requirements and limitations. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relation of internal marketing (IM) with employees’ attitudinal outcomes, which aim to stimulate and retain motivated and customer-conscious contact employees. Design/methodology/approach Survey data of 94 customer-contact employees in a public higher education institution were analysed using partial least squares path modelling to explore and predict key target constructs. Findings The results demonstrate the relationship between customer-contact employees’ service empathy (SE), institutional IM initiatives and employees’ attitudinal outcomes in the public sector, specifically higher education institutions. Research limitations/implications The current study relies on self-reported data and a small sample of customer-contact employees working only on enrolment-related areas. Further studies should be designed for theory confirmation and generalizability of the results. Practical implications Top managers in public higher education institutions must encourage organizational identification through IM initiatives, such as well-established internal communication procedures. Academic management should continuously train and retain customer-contact employees that have developed SE and a sense of belonging to the organization. SE must be incorporated in the job descriptions and training of customer-contact employees. Originality/value The study contributes to the limited literature on the use of IM and SE in the public sector, specifically higher education institutions.

An empirical analysis of the relationship between the information quality of CSR reporting and reputation among publicly traded companies in Spain

Abstract: Purpose Supported by the principles of the legitimacy theory, the purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship that exists between the information quality of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting provided by the most liquid companies operating in the Spanish Stock Market and their corporate reputation. Design/methodology/approach Three regression models are tested with panel data collected for a sample of the 35 most liquid companies operating in the Spanish Stock Market between 2004 and 2014. Findings The findings show that two axes of information quality (i.e. content and management systems) should be necessarily controlled by companies in order to improve their corporate reputation through their CSR reporting. The content axis refers to the compliance of CSR reports with the provision of qualitative, quantitative, and evaluative information concerning the impacts of the CSR of the company on society and the environment. The management systems axis refers to the compliance of CSR reports with the disclosure of details about the policies, plans, and actions that companies implement to assure an effective management of CSR initiatives. Originality/value Previous literature exploring the relationship between corporate reporting and reputation has frequently focused on either the impact of the quantity of financial and CSR information reported by companies and the role of information quality, but only in reference to a number of specific themes (environment, customers) and not to the full range of information covered by CSR reports. The authors of this paper extend on previous academic literature by empirically evaluating the relationship between two dimensions of the information quality of CSR reporting (content and management systems) and the corporate reputation of companies operating in the Spanish Stock Market.

Art as an investment alternative: the case of Argentina

Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the formulation of the first exhaustive price index for Argentinian (and other Latin American countries) visual artists using 5,069 works sold in auctions by 71 Argentinian artists during the years 1980-2014. Design/methodology/approach The authors estimated a regression of hedonic prices using the ordinary least squares method. When the regression was run and the results were analysed, the authors then estimated the annual price index of Argentinian artists’ work to then compare them with different financial and economic variables. Findings The average annual nominal arithmetic rate of return in dollars for Argentinian art during this period was 6.81 per cent, with a 29.11 per cent standard deviation. Argentinian art shows a low correlation with Argentinian and US companies’ shares and a slightly negative correlation with US bonds. This is the reason for artworks to be included in investors’ portfolios despite the relatively high volatility. Research limitations/implications Valuating works of art in Argentina can be explained by a series of their attributes. The benefits of art as an investment should be contrasted with factors including illiquidity and high transaction costs that are inherent when investing in works of art. Practical implications Argentinian artists’ works have higher prices when, ceteris paribus, they are dated; they are auctioned in either Christie’s, Sotheby’s, Galeria Arroyo, Roldan & Cia, Meeting Art, or Naon & Cia; they are oil or acrylic paintings; they are larger in size – although the price increase is decreasing when the size of the painting increases; and when the artist dies before their work is auctioned. Originality/value This work presents the first rigorous price index of Argentinian artists’ works. Additionally, and as far as the authors have been able to observe, the time-period in this article is the longest that has been used in studies on art as an investment in emerging markets.

Work conditions and engagement among nurses in Uruguay

Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of the interaction effect of work conditions including work overload, emotional demands, social support and self-development opportunities on work engagement within the framework of the job demands-resource model. Design/methodology/approach A total of 481 registered nurses in Uruguay participated in this study. A series of multiple structural equations modelling analyses were used to examine the interaction hypotheses and their effect on work engagement. Findings Three out of four two-way interactions presented significant effects, showing that social support mitigated the negative effects that emotional demands and work overload have on work engagement. However, self-development opportunities only moderated the effect of emotional demands on work engagement, but did not relieve the effects of work overload. Research limitations/implications The study only considered two demands and two resources to test for interactions. Inclusion of other work characteristics as well as personal resources could provide a better understanding of the relationships within an organisation. Practical implications The importance of developing a pool of resources in order to increase nurses’ work engagement and buffer the increasing demands of healthcare professionals is discussed. Originality/value The findings provide evidence of the impact of the interaction of job demands and job resources in the development of work engagement in Uruguay. Additionally, the results emphasise the importance of identifying relevant work conditions that contribute to sustaining work engagement in the nursing profession in Latin-American countries.

Service quality, perceived value, satisfaction and intention to pay: The case of theatrical services

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine the relations between the concepts of service quality, perceived value, satisfaction and intention to pay in the context of theatrical services in the city of Medellin, Colombia.,Quantitative research was carried out on a sample of 274 individuals who had attended the theatre at least once in the previous year. The information was gathered in October 2014 using an online survey. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the validity and reliability of the measurement scales, and a structural equations model was developed to test the hypotheses.,Satisfaction with overall service and with the central service (i.e. with the performance itself) was the major predictors of consumer intention to pay.,Future research could replicate the analysis presented here for other cultural services and different geographical contexts.,Theatres should focus their efforts on offering a basic service (a theatrical presentation) that meets the cultural and artistic expectations of the public, but should also bear in mind that audiences expect to be treated well when they go out and want to feel comfortable.,This paper contributes to understand the factors that influence theatre clients’ intention to pay by taking into account the factors that affect satisfaction and perceived value of the theatregoing experience. It also contributes to academic reflections on the cultural consumption in the field of the theatrical arts in the Latin American region, where this is a new field of research.,El proposito de este articulo es analizar las relaciones entre los conceptos de calidad del servicio, valor percibido, satisfaccion del cliente e intencion de pago, en el contexto de los servicios teatrales de la ciudad de Medellin, Colombia.,Se hizo una investigacion cuantitativa en la que se conto con una muestra de 274 personas que hubieran asistido al menos una vez a teatro en el ultimo ano. La informacion fue recopilada a traves de un cuestionario en linea en octubre del 2014. Para el analisis de validez y fiabilidad de las escalas de medida se desarrollo un analisis factorial confirmatorio y para la contrastacion de las hipotesis se probo un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales.,Tanto la satisfaccion con el servicio general como la satisfaccion con el servicio central (relacionado con la obra), son los principales predictores de la intencion de pago de los consumidores.,Estudios futuros pueden replicar el analisis de las relaciones planteadas en otros servicios culturales y para diferentes ambitos geograficos.,Los esfuerzos de las salas de teatro deben concentrarse en ofrecer un servicio basico (obra de teatro) que cumpla con el objetivo cultural y artistico que esperan los espectadores, pero, a su vez, considerar que estos esperan tener un trato amable y un espacio agradable donde puedan sentirse comodos.,Este articulo permite una mejor comprension de los factores que inciden en la intencion de pago de los asistentes a las salas de teatro, entendiendo los conceptos que afectan la satisfaccion y el valor percibido con la experiencia. Ademas, contribuye a la reflexion academica alrededor del consumo cultural en el sector de las artes escenicas en la region, donde la investigacion enes aun incipiente.

Innovation and development: a revision of the Latin American thought

Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the contributions of what has been established as Latin American thought, as science, technology, and innovation (STI) in Latin America have been strongly related to development. Design/methodology/approach The analysis method is based on the review of a group of Latin American and Latinoamericanista (Latin Americanist) authors who were selected on the basis of their contributions to the explanation and proposals of public policy related to STI. The following are some of the questions that guide the analysis. How much has STI in Latin American thought contributed to the development theory? Given the fact that there are other dominant mainstreams, can we say that Latin American thought is still relevant? Findings The main conclusion of this work is that Latin American thought is still applied to current Latin American development discussions. This can be proven by the creation of particular concepts and analytical frameworks such as structural heterogeneity, development styles, authentic and spurious competitiveness, Sabato’s Triangle, the centre-periphery model, and STI policy practices. Originality/value This paper gathered contributions and categorised them into three dimensions: state participation (intensity, composition), industrialisation as the impulse for development, and instruments and public policy actions that can be implemented or have already been implemented.

Naive portfolios, Brazilian stock funds, and individual investors

Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contrast three investment choices within the reach of individual investors: naive portfolios of Brazilian stocks; actively managed stock funds; and the Ibovespa index, which represents passive management as well as to offer insights on the performance of professional asset managers in this large emerging market. Design/methodology/approach Equally weighted portfolios contained between 5 and 30 stocks to keep transaction costs low. Stock selection used the Ibovespa constituents and considered value (dividend yield (DY) and price-to-book ratio), momentum (past returns), and liquidity, as well as the Sharpe ratio (SR) over the 2003-2012 period, rebalancing three times a year. Findings Cumulative returns of naive portfolios are large. They frequently outperform the index for all values of n. They also outperform stock funds, particularly when the invested amount exceeds US$25,000, due to transaction costs. Yet, expected out-of-sample SRs corrected for errors in estimates are very low, suggesting that one should not count on this historical performance in the future. Naive portfolios may simply be more exposed to additional value, size, and momentum risks. Results are sensitive to time period selection. Practical implications Naive portfolios may be attractive to individual investors in Brazil relative to stock funds, which seem to strive to keep volatility low and may be better when the investment amount is low. There may be merit for value or momentum stock selection strategies when forming small equally weighted portfolios. Originality/value The paper contrasts realistic stock investing alternatives for individuals, it provides a view of stock fund performance in Brazil, and offers practical implications that may be pertinent in other emerging stock markets.

Arts and culture management: Academic research, a key factor for its development: heterogeneous topics that drive knowledge of the sector

Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an overall picture of the five articles included in this issue highlighting their contributions and revealing the importance of academic research for arts and culture management as a nascent topic in the Latin American context. Design/methodology/approach This paper elaborates a critical description of the main aspects of the papers included. The contributions are grouped together around central topics pertaining to arts and culture management such as: audience creation and environment; museums, competition and efficiency; and management skills and entrepreneurship. Findings The contributions of the articles are as diverse as the topics included in them. Some highlight the importance of the context in audience creation processes, others reveal the determinants of the institutional variables in the efficiency of artistic organisations, and a final one, reveals the deconstruction of an artistic genre and its contribution to the comprehension of organisations’ innovation processes. However, the most important contribution, within the Latin American context, consists basically in a process of dissemination and knowledge of the research developed in different international contexts and which may apply to the analysis of arts and culture management in the region. Originality/value As noted in the body of this paper, the topic of cultural management is novel and has acquired notable importance in developed economies in which the arts and culture sector has strategic value. Latin America reveals an institutional revolution which situates the cultural sector in a predominant position where its contribution to the creation of social and economic value turns it into a key field in Latin American societies. Arts and culture constitute a factor of value creation which requires carefully planned and pertinent management processes. This publication, through its five contributions, all European, is a valuable tool of dissemination for knowledge and management in Latin America, where academic research into the sector is, as yet, incipient.

Academic patenting in Brazil: the role of academic inventors in PCT patent applications – 2002-2012

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the patenting activity of the Brazilian academic sector vis-a-vis the domestic business sector, taking into account the recent evolution of Brazil’s industrial policies. The paper differentiates between “university academic patents”, which are owned by the universities, and “non-university academic patents”, which despite being invented by academic staff are not owned by the universities.,The authors’ cross-checked information regarding the names of all inventors with Brazilian addresses in PCT patent applications in the Espacenet database with the names of researchers in the CVs available on the Lattes Platform of CNPq. The analysis specifically focussed on patent applications published in the PCT with Brazilian priority for the 2002-2012 period.,It was found that the Brazilian academic patents concentrate on science-based technology areas, especially in the Pharma Biotechnology domain. For a total of 466 patent applications with Brazilian priority in this field, 233 have academic inventors. Of those 233 academic applications, 66.1 per cent have universities as their owners, while the remaining 33.9 per cent are not owned by universities. Further, it was found that there are more Brazilian academic patents in the biotechnology sub-domain than those filed by the business sector.,This research was based on the intersection of patent databases and the content available on the official curriculum base of Brazil (Lattes Platform, CNPq). Once the curricula information are voluntary, there are risks inherent reliability of this information.,This study allows us to identify more accurately which is the effective role of the Brazilian Academy in patents generation, revealing that a significant unaccounted deposits with personal inventors or companies’ ownership really have a academic contribution.,This paper shows that the academic sector plays a key role in Brazil’s international patenting activity, particularly in science-intensive technology domains, and it highlights the specific contribution of academic patents not owned by universities.,Este trabalho apresenta a analise da atividade de patenteamento do setor academico brasileiro considerando a recente evolucao das politicas de promocao da inovacao no Brasil. O artigo tem como base a diferenciacao necessaria entre “patentes academicas universitarias”, que sao patentes/depositos cujos requerentes sao as universidades, e as “patentes academicas nao-universitarias” que, apesar de ser inventadas por docentes da academia, nao tem as universidades como requerentes dos depositos.,Foram cruzadas informacoes de todos os inventores constantes nos pedidos de patentes de origem brasileira realizados pela via PCT, com os nomes dos pesquisadores com curriculos disponiveis na Plataforma Lattes do CNPq. A analise incidiu sobre pedidos de patentes publicado na via do PCT com prioridade brasileira para o periodo 2002-2012 contidos no banco de dados do Espacenet.,Verificou-se que as patentes academicas brasileiras se concentram em areas mais tecnologicas, especialmente no dominio de Farmacia-Biotecnologia. Para um total de 466 pedidos de patentes com prioridade brasileiros neste setor, 233 tinham inventores academicos. Destes 233 pedidos academicos, 66.1% tem suas universidades como titulares ou co-titulares, enquanto os restantes 33.9% nao sao de propriedade das universidades. Verificou-se ainda que existem mais patentes no sub-dominio de biotecnologia depositadas pelo setor academico brasileiro do que aquelas requeridas pelo setor empresarial privado.,Neste artigo, demonstrou que a academia desempenha um papel ainda mais expressivo na atividade de patenteamento internacional do Brasil, particularmente em dominios de tecnologia intensivos em ciencia, e destaca a contribuicao especifica das “patentes academicas nao-universitarias”, que possuem origem lastreada pelos pesquisadores da academia.

Market power and audit market collusion: the Spanish case

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to analyse whether the major international audit firms reach collusive agreements in Spain, in order to exercise market power and impose higher prices than those of competitors. According to the traditional theory of oligopoly, the ability to achieve these agreements is dependent primarily on the high level of market concentration, so that multiple studies have analysed the relationship between concentration and prices. However, the concentration has serious limitations to infer collusion and therefore the exercise of market power (Dedman and Lennox, 2009).,Based on an alternative current of the theory of industrial organisation, the authors use measures of industrial mobility as a measure of collusion or rivalry of firms in oligopolistic markets.,The results reveal that international audit firms do not reach collusive agreements to limit competition between them.,According to the empirical evidence obtained, the measures taken by the regulatory bodies to avoid market concentration would not be necessary or efficient and they would have significant costs for the audit market (GAO, 2003, 2008; FRC, 2009; European Commission, 2010; Competition Commission, 2013).,To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to introduce mobility measures to explain market collusion and the exercise of market power in the audit market.,El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar si las Grandes Firmas Internacionales de auditoria alcanzan acuerdos colusivos en Espana con la finalidad de ejercer poder de mercado e imponer precios superiores a los de los competidores. Segun la teoria tradicional del oligopolio, la capacidad para alcanzar estos acuerdos se hace depender fundamentalmente del alto nivel de concentracion del mercado, por lo que multiples estudios han analizado la relacion entre concentracion y precios. Sin embargo, la concentracion presenta serias limitaciones para inferir la colusion y, por tanto, el ejercicio del poder de mercado (Dedman y Lennox, 2009).,Basandonos en una corriente alternativa de la teoria de la organizacion industrial, utilizamos medidas de movilidad industrial como medida de la colusion o rivalidad de las empresas en mercados oligopolistas.,Nuestros resultados revelan que las firmas internacionales de auditoria no alcanzan acuerdos colusivos para limitar la competencia entre ellas.,Segun la evidencia empirica que obtenemos, las medidas adoptadas por los organismos reguladores con la finalidad de desconcentrar el mercado, las cuales presentan importantes costes para el mercado de auditoria, no resultarian ni necesarias ni eficientes (GAO, 2003, 2008; FRC, 2009; Comision Europea, 2010; Competition Commission, 2013).,Hasta donde conocemos, este es el primer estudio que introduce medidas de movilidad del mercado para explicar la colusion y el ejercicio del poder de mercado en el mercado de auditoria.

Innovation capabilities in services: a multi-cases approach

Abstract: Purpose Considering the importance of services and innovation for the modern economy and the peculiarities that differentiate services from tangible goods, the purpose of this paper is to better understand how, based on the capabilities approach, innovation takes place in services. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative multi-case study was conducted in five instances of innovation in the fitness market, using a semi-structured questionnaire as devised in Zawislak et al. (2014). Findings The results show that the traditional capabilities framework is limited in explaining service innovation, as there are many levels of intangibility and non-linearity in service provision. Cases show that it is not possible to think of capabilities linearly in the service context. The authors propose that capabilities overlap, and the results show that this is a more accurate way of describing service dynamics. An alternative framework is suggested based on field findings, and a set of propositions are made for future research. Originality/value For many years, services were perceived as non-innovative, complementary activities, geared mainly towards the production of goods. The value of this study is to investigate a topic (innovation) that is widely studied in the industrial sector in a service context, contributing to a largely unexplored field.

Efficiency and exogenous factors: evidence from Spanish tourism regions

Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the performance of Spanish tourism regions for the 2008-2011 period, to obtain a ranking of efficiency and to examine the hypothesis that the efficiency of these regions is determined by a group of contextual variables. Design/methodology/approach In contrast with monitoring reports based on descriptive methods, this paper uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodology and bootstrap semiparametric procedures to correct inherent bias. The significance of a group of exogenous factors is investigated and the importance of each determinant is ordered by its elasticity. Findings The ranking obtained by radial DEA models and by bias-corrected ones describes two remarkably different settings. The exogenous variables influence hypothesis and confirmed: that estimated coefficients are of the correct sign and statistically significant at 5 per cent. Originality/value The statistical significance of the potential attractors can offer an interesting tool for strategic decisions. The two-stage procedure employed has supposed a turning point in the methodology and there are only a handful of very recent studies of this type in the literature on tourism destination performance. In this sense, no previous work has considered the returns to scale test or the separability assumption. Following United Nations of World Tourism Organization recommendations, it is essential to move towards responsible tourism in all aspects. Some final considerations about the link between performance and sustainability of the Spanish tourist model are addressed in this study.

Audience development: a cross-national comparison

Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the concept of audience development, analysing differences between a number of countries and identifying common elements that underlie the concept regardless of the context. Design/methodology/approach In addition to the literature review, fieldwork has been conducted in the UK, Denmark, Italy, and Spain applying qualitative methodology. The study has been structured in two phases. The first phase comprised 26 in-depth interviews with European experts in audience development while the second phase consisted of six focus groups with European experts. Findings The paper reveals differences between countries, ranging from the definition of the term audience development to the approach undertaken. Despite this, a number of aspects, independent of the context and considered key to a successful audience development, are identified. These aspects are related to the consideration of the development of audiences as a transversal long-term strategy supported by the top management of the organisation. Originality/value The value provided is twofold. First, thanks to the empirical data used, the paper analyses the socio-cultural aspects that affect the emergence of country-specific approaches to audience development and it individuates general features and ideas that contribute to the better understanding of the concept itself. Second, it is one of the few academic works carried out in Spain on this issue.

Ecosystem for the emergence of spin-offs from the family business

Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the minimum conditions for the formation of an ecosystem that favours the emergence of spin-offs whose parent company is a family business. Design/methodology/approach Three family companies that have experienced processes supporting the creation of new companies led by family members were used for this exploration. Findings The findings show that it is possible to form an ecosystem with five basic components from which other factors of a different kind are derived, and that would favour the minimum conditions for new companies to emerge from the family business. Originality/value Spin-off companies have received valuable recognition in recent years. The vast majority of research on spin-offs considers those arising under the protection of a private innovation centre, a corporation, or university. This research gives more breadth to this coverage, by studying the emergence of spin-offs that rely on the family business as the parent company.

Strategic orientation and strategies to manage organisational knowledge and creativity

Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the direct effects of strategic orientation in innovation and competition on personalisation and codification type knowledge management (KM) strategies and their organisational creativity. Design/methodology/approach The authors counter-checked the hypothesis model with a sample of 169 companies in emerging markets that adopt technology: a country such as Colombia. To do so, the authors used structural equations with the least squares model. Findings The data indicate that both KM strategies positively influence creativity; however, personalisation has a greater effect. Additionally, SG for innovation has a positive effect on both KM strategies; however, for competition, KM only has an influence on codification. Originality/value The relation between KM strategies and creativity has been approached on a strictly theoretical level; therefore, this paper provides empirical evidence on the subject. It also establishes the direct effect that SG has on KM strategies, which have so far only been tangentially analysed. In so doing, it goes further than the limitations in the literature regarding analysis of the KM-creativity relationship, but it does not consider business strategy implications.

Family involvement and the impact of information and communication technology on performance

Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the moderated effect of family involvement on the relationship between information and communication technology (ICT) and firm performance. Design/methodology/approach According to agency and transaction cost theories, distinctive family business characteristics provide a unique context that favours a more efficient use of ICT. The authors perform a multivariate analysis that includes the moderating effect of family involvement and considers the possible endogeneity of the ICT variable. Findings The results, using a large panel of Spanish manufacturing firms, confirm the importance of family involvement for explaining differences in terms of the impact of this technology in family and non-family businesses. The relationship between ICT and performance is stronger for family firms than for non-family firms. Research implications The paper provides new evidence for the academic literature on ICT impact and family firms. It corroborates the importance of using an organizational perspective to explain differences in the effect of ICT on performance. Practical implications Family firms should understand the opportunities that family involvement offers regarding ICT impact on performance, and exploit this moderating effect to achieve competitive advantages. Originality/value No previous studies deal with the impact of family involvement on ICT-performance analysis. This study fills this gap and increases the understanding of how family business involvement moderates the ICT-performance relationship.

Measuring market risk for an agricultural exporter firm: a Copula approach

Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of market risk on the revenues perceived by an agricultural producer, namely, a coffee exporter firm. Design/methodology/approach To model this risk, copula models and extreme value theory are used to perform more robust estimations, which take into account the multivariate dependence between the risk factors. As a final point, different quantitative measures of risk, such as the value at risk and the expected shortfall, are estimated as an indicator of the maximum expected loss. Findings One of the principal findings is that for an agricultural exporter firm, there is an optimal decision between exporting to another country and selling the commodity in the national market. The choice regarding the levels exported will determine the firm’s amount of risk and expected return. Research limitations/implications One of the limitations found in modelling the risk/return of the firm is the data. Not much data on the structure of the firm can be found, and many of the firms are averse to providing such information. Practical implications The purpose of the paper is to create a measure of risk to analyse the future of the firm, generating a measure of expected risk and return that takes into account the uncertainty of the future. The applications can be applied to measure the risk of a potential investment and real option valuation. Originality/value This paper applied multiple coherent measures of financial risk to an agricultural commodity exporter firm. This can be novel, especially in the context of a non-financial firm.

Going back to the roots of entrepreneurship: Empirical evidence from the practice of dance

Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the specific field of arts entrepreneurship by focussing on the practices of vertical dance; a language of contemporary dance where dancers act on a vertical axis, moving suspended on the surface of buildings and walls. The authors’ focus on vertical dance as a meaningful corporal practice to explore the particular combination of dance and human movement, going beyond its purely metaphoric dimension. Design/methodology/approach The authors’ adopt a micro-social perspective, observing the practices (Gherardi, 2012; Nicolini, 2012; Sicca, 2000), that took place from 2013 to 2015 in the daily work of Wanda Moretti, a Venetian choreographer and co-founder of the company “Il posto”, observed in different contexts of artistic practices (Zembylas, 2014). Research limitations/implications Deconstructing the overlapping dimensions that compose the space in our daily experience (force of gravity and the supporting surface), vertical dance clarifies how often we undervalue the complexity of the space and, at the same time, opens up the way for a better understanding and investigation of entrepreneurship in artistic fields. Originality/value The study sheds light on the way in which different categories, such as the human body, space, and movement, are a particular entanglement of elements, useful in highlighting some of the fundamental assumptions at the heart of the field of entrepreneurship. The heterogeneous complexity of space and bodies is emphasised, challenging its ordinary conceptualisation.

Financial exposure and technology innovation investment: Measuring project results in Brazilian commodity industries

Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify, measure and optimise financial risk and its effect on returns from innovation projects on an accrual basis and on a cash basis in a commodity industry. Design/methodology/approach A hypothetical case study, based on a real case, of a petrochemical commodity industry in Brazil was analysed with commodities pricing rules based on actual contracts. Earnings at risk (EaR) and cash flow at risk (CFaR) measures were applied, as well as a metric proposed in this paper called cash balance at risk (CBaR). Findings The paper demonstrates that financial risk measurement and optimisation are important issues in the decision-making process in the petrochemical industry. EaR, CFaR and CBaR measures are helpful when used alongside standard procedures of project evaluation. The findings also show that innovative technologies, in certain conditions, may act as “natural hedging”. It was found that the time delay between revenues and expenses leads to financial risk exposure to changes in prices and foreign exchange rates. Projects can use financing and hedging to boost their results. Originality/value An innovative project was compared with an expansion project in a petrochemical industry. A model for petrochemical commodities contract pricing was added in an analysis that included financing and hedging. The findings in this paper suggest that it is important to consider financial risk measures in project evaluation.