Showing papers in "Academy of Management Journal in 1973"
TL;DR: There are many sound reasons both for and against business's assumption of social responsibilities as mentioned in this paper, and because of the increasing amount of rhetoric which exists on this subject, it is appropriate to e...
Abstract: There are many sound reasons both for and against business’s assumption of social responsibilities. Because of the increasing amount of rhetoric which exists on this subject, it is appropriate to e...
1,937 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it is argued that uncertainty reduction, differentiation, and integration should be positively associated, and data on 79 manufacturing firms are shown to be consistent with this argument, but when...
Abstract: It is argued that “uncertainty reduction,” “differentiation,” and “integration” should be positively associated. Not only are data on 79 manufacturing firms consistent with this argument, but when ...
212 citations
TL;DR: An integration of the rational model of expectancy theory and the "caring for people" philosophy of the participative approach to employee motivation is presented in this paper, which describes four ways in...
Abstract: An integration of the rational model of expectancy theory and the “caring for people” philosophy of the participative approach to employee motivation is presented. The paper describes four ways in ...
161 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present relationships between three types of competition and their aggregate measure, and four dimensions of top management control for 96 manufacturing firms in diverse American industrially diverse industries.
Abstract: The paper presents relationships between three types of competition and their aggregate measure, and four dimensions of top management control, for 96 manufacturing firms in diverse American indust...
129 citations
TL;DR: The authors reviewed the basic expectancy formulation of work effort theory and touched briefly on some elaborations of it, and pointed out that both the basic and elaborated versions rest on the same assumptions.
Abstract: This article reviews the basic expectancy formulation of work effort theory and touches briefly on some elaborations of it. It is pointed out that both the basic and elaborated versions rest on cer...
127 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated relationships between distortion of upward communication, needs of subordinates, and the need of need-goals, and found that distortion was instrumental for attainment of need goals.
Abstract: Distortion of upward communication by subordinates is viewed as instrumental for attainment of need-goals. The study investigates relationships between distortion of upward communication, needs of ...
97 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic analysis of human conflict in project management in functional organizations is presented, and the extent to which the implications of such conflict for organizational behavior are functional or dysfunctional.
Abstract: Project management in functional organizations provides a fertile field for much-needed reexamination of the presumption of dysfunctional conflict when managers and employed professionals interact in organizations. Systematic analysis must indentify the foundations of human conflict and determine the extent to which the implications of such conflict for organizational behavior are functional or dysfunctional.
89 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, both choice of and attitude towards business as an occupation were predicted from the components of instrumentality theory and the results supported the theory, and there also was a strong indication that...
Abstract: Both choice of and attitude towards business as an occupation were predicted from the components of instrumentality theory. The results supported the theory. There also was a strong indication that...
76 citations
TL;DR: In this article, after a human relations training program, little change in attitudes and behavior of managers was observed, and only 18 months later significant positive changes in attitudes existed in t...
Abstract: Ninety days after a human relations training program, little change in attitudes and behavior of managers was observed. Eighteen months later, significant positive changes in attitudes existed in t...
74 citations
TL;DR: This article examined relationships between perceived participation in the budget process and both motivation to achieve the budget and level in the organizational hierarchy and found that the need for authoritaria and the desire for authority were correlated.
Abstract: This research examined relationships between perceived participation in the budget process and both motivation to achieve the budget and level in the organizational hierarchy. Need for authoritaria...
70 citations
TL;DR: The large, production-oriented organization (bureaucracy) has difficulty innovating. Yet, in rapidly changing technology industries, new product innovation is a condition of success as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The large, production-oriented organization (bureaucracy) has difficulty innovating. Yet, in rapidly changing technology industries, new product innovation is a condition of success. How are firms ...
TL;DR: This paper studied the career progress of graduate business school alumni and found that individuals with full-time work experience prior to enrolling are progressing faster in their careers than those who did not have any prior work experience.
Abstract: Factors related to the career progress of graduate business school alumni were studied. Individuals with full-time work experience prior to enrolling are progressing faster in their careers. Alumni...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focused on the manager's behavior within the international personnel selection decision process and found that managers play an active role in the process, and their behavior is influenced by their...
Abstract: This study is concerned with manager’s behavior within the international personnel selection decision process. Managers play an active role in the process, and their behavior is influenced by their...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed data from 70 organizations in Britain (Birmingham), Canada (Toronto), and the United States (Ohio) using standard scales of Autonomy of Decision Making, Functional Specialization, and Fo...
Abstract: Data are analyzed on 70 organizations in Britain (Birmingham), Canada (Toronto), and the United States (Ohio) using standard scales of Autonomy of Decision Making, Functional Specialization, and Fo...
TL;DR: The Mach V Machiavellianism scale was administered to 73 MBA students, 36 managers, and 13 faculty colleagues as mentioned in this paper, who completed a "Theory x - Theory y" leadership workshop.
Abstract: The Mach V Machiavellianism scale was administered to 73 MBA students, 36 managers, and 13 faculty colleagues. In addition the MBA and Management groups completed a “Theory x — Theory y” leadership...
TL;DR: A comparison of pay variables suggested by reinforcement, expectancy, and equity theories as predictors to a measure of global satisfaction is presented in this article, where both reinforcement and expectancy variables are used.
Abstract: A comparison of pay variables suggested by reinforcement, expectancy, and equity theories as predictors to a measure of global satisfaction is presented. Equity and expectancy variables provided pr...
TL;DR: In this article, the possibility of employing the indirect feedback contained within a superior's behavior to obtain information about the relative effectiveness of current performance is explored, and the results demonstrate that indirect feedback can be used to evaluate the performance of a system.
Abstract: The possibility of employing the indirect feedback contained within a superior’s behavior to obtain information about the relative effectiveness of current performance is explored. The results demo...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the job satisfaction level of young blue-collar workers and found that younger workers were significantly lower in satisfaction with work itself, esteem, self-actualizatio...
Abstract: This study investigated the job satisfaction level of young blue collar workers. The younger workers were found to be significantly lower in satisfaction with work itself, esteem, self-actualizatio...
TL;DR: In this paper, a search of the literature led to the formulation of some hypotheses that Japanese-American managers in Hawaii may be influenced in their attitudes by their ancestral culture, and the hypotheses were validated by empirical research.
Abstract: A search of the literature led to the formulation of some hypotheses that Japanese-American managers in Hawaii may be influenced in their attitudes by their ancestral culture. Empirical research pr...
TL;DR: The polar classical capitalist and communist models of achieving the public interest are being changed and further modifications have been advocated as discussed by the authors, however, weaknesses common to the proposed chan-chan...
Abstract: The polar classical capitalist and communist models of achieving the public interest are being changed and further modifications have been advocated. However, weaknesses common to the proposed chan...
TL;DR: This paper compares the impact of management level and technological groupings on management autonomy structure and finds a task unit aggregation index of technology was the better predictor, except when the management level changed.
Abstract: This paper compares the impact of management level and technological groupings on management autonomy structure. A task unit aggregation index of technology was the better predictor, except when th...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the impact of size, technology, dependence, market condition, and organizational concern toward task environmental factors on decentralization, and found that the degree of environmental concern depends on the size of the decentralization system.
Abstract: This study examines the impact of size, technology, dependence, market condition, and organizational concern toward task environmental factors on decentralization. The results show that the degree ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the association between three organizational control variables and measures of effectiveness was examined and it was found that organizational performance at the first level of management is e ectively better than other levels of management.
Abstract: The association between three organizational control variables and measures of effectiveness is examined. The findings indicate that organizational performance at the first level of management is e...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors defined interpersonal relations as the interaction between two or more persons who are directly involved in the interaction, and discussed a study on interpersonal relations in municipal government.
Abstract: The article discusses a study on interpersonal relations in municipal government. The author defines interpersonal relations as the interaction between two or more persons who are directly involved...
TL;DR: In this paper, some of the often neglected behavioral problems associated with the practice of management by objectives are discussed, such as problems relating to managerial style, adapting to managerial styles, etc.
Abstract: This paper is concerned with some of the often neglected behavioral problems associated with the practice of management by objectives. These include problems relating to managerial style, adapting ...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined changes in student values have revealed patterns of negative job attributes but little has been found on desired job attributes. Emerging occupational values found in this study i...
Abstract: Studies examining changes in student values have revealed patterns of negative job attributes but little has been found on desired job attributes. Emerging occupational values found in this study i...
TL;DR: This article examined the readability scores of selected management journals over a five-year period (1967 to 1971) and measured ease of understanding and comprehension, and found that readability was correlated with ease of comprehension and understanding.
Abstract: The article presents a study which examined the readability scores of selected management journals over a five year period (1967 to 1971). The study measured ease of understanding and comprehension...
TL;DR: Variances in employee and physician attitudes toward the desirability of merger are analyzed, controlling for age, length of service, trust in management, satisfaction with premerger conditions, an....
Abstract: Variances in employee and physician attitudes toward the desirability of merger are analyzed, controlling for age, length of service, trust in management, satisfaction with premerger conditions, an...
TL;DR: In this article, the characteristics of individuals who want pay kept secret and those who do not were investigated, and the authors found that those who want to keep pay secret are motivated by the following:
Abstract: Researchers have argued at length about the motivational role of pay secrecy. This research investigates the characteristics of individuals who want pay kept secret and those who do not. Findings i...
TL;DR: The authors showed that the informal organization has a greater impact on organizational effectiveness than the formal organization, contrary to the assumption that the former has more influence on the latter than the latter. But, this research was conducted in a very informal setting.
Abstract: Many behavioral scientists have assumed that the informal organization has a greater impact on organizational effectiveness than the formal organization. Contrary to this assumption, this research ...