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Showing papers in "Academy of Management Journal in 1998"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the relationships among the structural, relational, and cogni cation of a large multinational electronics company were examined using data collected from multiple respondents in all the business units of the company.
Abstract: Using data collected from multiple respondents in all the business units of a large multinational electronics company, we examined the relationships both among the structural, relational, and cogni...

5,621 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the importance of extra-role behavior in explaining employee performance over a six-month period was demonstrated, and a field study of 597 employees demonstrated that extra role behavior can explain employee performance.
Abstract: Results of this field study of 597 employees demonstrate the importance of extra-role behavior in explaining employee performance over a six-month period. Supervisors, peers, and employees differen...

2,512 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper examined the impact of surface-level and deep-level diversity on group social integration and found that the length of time group members worked together weakened the effects of surface level diversity and strengthened the effect of deep level diversity as group members bad the opportunity to engage in meaningful interactions.
Abstract: We examined the impact of surface-level (demographic) and deep-level (attitudinal) diversity on group social integration. As hypothesized, the length of time group members worked together weakened the effects of surface-level diversity and strengthened the effects of deep-level diversity as group members bad the opportunity to engage in meaningful interactions.

1,906 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a learning perspective was brought to the literature examining whether firms expand internationally through start-ups or acquisitions, and the authors investigated how this strategic decision affects the performance of the companies.
Abstract: This study brings a fresh approach—a learning perspective—to the literature examining whether firms expand internationally through start-ups or acquisitions. Hypotheses concern how this strategic c...

1,574 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an explanation of how procedural justice may influence organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is presented, and the model tested suggests that procedural justice affects OCB by influencing perceived organizational support, which in turn prompts employees to reciprocate with organizational citizenship behaviors.
Abstract: Our purpose was to test an explanation of how procedural justice may influence organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The model tested suggests that procedural justice affects OCB by influencing perceived organizational support, which in turn prompts employees to reciprocate with organizational citizenship behaviors. Results suggest that procedural justice is an antecedent to perceived organizational support, which in turn fully mediates its relationship to three of four OCB dimensions.

1,058 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a sample of 105 firms in Spain, a relationship was found between strategic proactivity and approaches to the natural environment, and the firms with the most proactive business strategies (prospect...
Abstract: In a sample of 105 firms in Spain, a relationship was found between strategic proactivity and approaches to the natural environment. The firms with the most proactive business strategies (“prospect...

981 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Using the complementary lenses of information processing and agency theories, the authors test the proposition that the complexity resulting from a firm's degree of internationalization will be accomodated by the complexity of the firm itself.
Abstract: Using the complementary lenses of information-processing and agency theories, this study tests the proposition that the complexity resulting from a firm's degree of internationalization will be acc...

955 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A study of 230 private colleges over 16 turbulent years supports two arguments: strong ties to other organizations mitigate uncertainty and promote adaptation by increasing communication and in-troduce as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A study of 230 private colleges over 16 turbulent years supports two arguments: (1) Strong ties to other organizations mitigate uncertainty and promote adaptation by increasing communication and in...

909 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a cross-level field study, involving 187 employees from 35 groups in 20 organizations, examined how individuals' antisocial behaviors at work are shaped by the antisocial behavior of their cowor...
Abstract: This cross-level field study, involving 187 employees from 35 groups in 20 organizations, examined how individuals' antisocial behaviors at work are shaped by the antisocial behavior of their cowor...

820 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article examined the effect of human and social capital upon firm dissolution with data from a population of Dutch accounting firms for the period 1880-1990 and found that human capital was captured by firm-l...
Abstract: This study examined the effect of human and social capital upon firm dissolution with data from a population of Dutch accounting firms for the period 1880–1990. Human capital was captured by firm-l...

819 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the effects of human resource management practices on quit rates and discharge rates at the organizational level in the trucking industry, and found that human resources management practices predict quit rates, but the determinants of each are quite different.
Abstract: Although there are many individual-level models of turnover, little research has examined the effects of human resource management practices on quit rates and discharge rates at the organizational level. This study used organization-level data from 227 organizations in the trucking industry to explore this issue. Results show that human resource management practices predict quit rates and discharge rates but that the determinants of each are quite different. Implications are derived and directions for future research suggested.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The idea that managerial discretion, defined as latitude of action, may be an important determinant of CEO compensation has been recognized for some time as mentioned in this paper, however, in spite of considerable work that...
Abstract: The idea that managerial discretion—defined as latitude of action—may be an important determinant of CEO compensation has been recognized for some time. However, in spite of considerable work that ...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the role and impact of corporate governance mechanisms and the structure of boards of directors to explain variations in top management pay in the UK was examined. But, they found that boardroom control and vigilance has a limited effect in shaping top management compensation, neither the proportion of outside directors, nor CEO duality being related to management compensation.
Abstract: Assesses the relationship between boards of directors, compensation committees and top management pay, focusing on the role and impact of corporate governance mechanisms and the structure of boards of directors to explain variations in top management pay in the UK. Uses data from the 'Financial Times' top 100 companies to examine the relationship between: top management compensation, non-executive directors and corporate performance; top management compensation, existence of compensation committees and proportion of non-executives on these committees; and the relationship between top management compensation and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) duality. Finds that, in general, boardroom control and vigilance has a limited effect in shaping top management compensation, neither the proportion of outside directors, nor CEO duality being related to management compensation; and companies adopting compensation committees have higher levels of top management pay. Demonstrates that the direct effect of boardroom control variables on the level of management compensation is minimal.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A theory-based measure of employee performance, the Role-Based Performance Scale (RBPS), was introduced in this paper, which is supported with results from a validation study using ten data sets from six co
Abstract: This study introduces a theory-based measure of employee performance, the Role-Based Performance Scale (RBPS), that is supported with results from a validation study using ten data sets from six co

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors tested several hypotheses derived from an extended version of Shamir, House, and Arthur's (1993) theory of charismatic leadership, and used three different samples of subordinates to assess leade...
Abstract: We tested several hypotheses derived from an extended version of Shamir, House, and Arthur's (1993) theory of charismatic leadership. We used three different samples of subordinates to assess leade...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article found that contingent workers engage in less organizational citizenship in Singapore, where there are ongoing labor shortages, and support social exchange theory predictions that workers engage less in organizational citizenship than in other countries.
Abstract: This study, conducted in Singapore, where there are ongoing labor shortages, supports social exchange theory predictions that contingent workers engage in less organizational citizenship, expect le...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors showed that the relative rarity of a group in a social context tended to promote members' use of that group as a basis for shared identity and social interaction, and that marginalization of women resulted more from exclusionary pressures than from their preferences for woman friends.
Abstract: Using distinctiveness theory, this research showed that the relative rarity of a group in a social context tended to promote members' use of that group as a basis for shared identity and social interaction. Relative to majority group members, racial minorities and women in a master of business administration cohort were more likely to make identity and friendship choices within-group. The marginalization of racial minorities in the friendship network resulted both from exclusionary pressures and from minority individuals' own preferences for same-race friends. By contrast, the marginalization of women resulted more from exclusionary pressures than from their preferences for woman friends.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship between interpersonal relationships among members of different departments and individuals' perceptions of intergroup conflict within an organization, and found that interpersonal relationships are correlated with intergroup conflicts.
Abstract: This study investigated the relationship between interpersonal relationships among members of different departments and individuals' perceptions of intergroup conflict within an organization. Altho...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the role of risk in the structure of managerial compensation and its relationship to organization performance was examined, and the results suggest that risk plays an important role in organizational performance.
Abstract: In this study, we extended agency-based research by examining the role of risk in the structure of managerial compensation and its relationship to organization performance. Our results suggest that...

Journal ArticleDOI
Abstract: This study analyzed 119 strategic alliances formed during the period 1987–91. Using the event study methodology, we found that announcements of technological alliances enjoyed greater abnormal retu...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article investigated the influence of institutional investors on CEO compensation policy and found that institutional owners that have only an investment relationship with a firm influencer had a higher influence on the CEO's compensation.
Abstract: This study investigated the influence of institutional investors on CEO compensation policy. Results suggest that institutional owners that have only an investment relationship with a firm influenc...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper argued that this research has generally been limited because it ignores other criteria t... and pointed out that a tremendous amount of research has explored the relationship between managerial pay and firm performance.
Abstract: A tremendous amount of research has explored the relationship between managerial pay and firm performance. We argue that this research has generally been limited because it ignores other criteria t...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose that culture provides scripts and schemas for negotiation, and the implications for negotiation of two cultural values, individualism/collectivism and hierarchy/egalitarianism.
Abstract: In this study, we propose that culture provides scripts and schemas for negotiation. The implications for negotiation of two cultural values, individualism/collectivism and hierarchy/egalitarianism...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a quantitative meta-analysis of 40 studies of realistic job previews (RJPs), 26 of which were published, was carried out to investigate the effects of RJPs on attrition from the job recruitment process, the level and acc...
Abstract: Through a quantitative meta-analysis of 40 studies of realistic job previews (RJPs), 26 of which were published, the effects of RJPs on attrition from the job recruitment process, the level and acc...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the underlying causes of accidents were identified using two different samples and research designs, and two different approaches were used to identify the causes of the accidents and their causes.
Abstract: If successful safety interventions are to be developed and implemented, the underlying causes of accidents must be accurately identified Using two different samples and research designs, we invest

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The relationship between a firm's board and its CEO's compensation has focused primarily on the composition of the board-at-large, but it may be the nature of the company itself as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Extant research examining the relationship between a firm's board and its CEO's compensation has focused primarily on the composition of the board-at-large. However, it may be the nature of the com...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the use of clique analysis for explaining network effectiveness, measured as client outcomes, in data from networks of mental health agencies in three cities in the US.
Abstract: This study explored the use of clique analysis for explaining network effectiveness. In data from networks of mental health agencies in three cities, effectiveness, measured as client outcomes, was...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a social network perspective was used to determine whom brokerage firm employees selected as social referents, focusing on cohesive actors (friends) and structurally equivocal actors (professionals).
Abstract: A social network perspective was used to determine whom brokerage firm employees selected as social referents. In particular, this study focused on cohesive actors (friends) and structurally equiva...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors tested hypotheses concerning the effectiveness of three strategies for breaking conflict spirals in negotiations and investigated the relationship between outcomes and the relative frequency of the relative frequenc...
Abstract: We tested hypotheses concerning the effectiveness of three strategies for breaking conflict spirals in negotiations. We also investigated the relationship between outcomes and the relative frequenc...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Subordinate and supervisor leader-member exchange (LMX) were examined as correlates of delegation and as moderators of relationships between delegation and subordinate performance and satisfaction in this article, and they were found to be correlated with the satisfaction of delegations.
Abstract: Subordinate and supervisor leader-member exchange (LMX) were examined as correlates of delegation and as moderators of relationships between delegation and subordinate performance and satisfaction....