Showing papers in "Academy of Management Journal in 2000"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine strategy formulation and implementation by private and public enterprises in several different regional settings and from three primary theoretical perspectives: institutional theory, transaction cost economics, and the resource-based view of the firm.
Abstract: Emerging economies are low-income, rapid-growth countries using economic liberalization as their primary engine of growth. They fall into two groups: developing countries in Asia, Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East and transition economies in the former Soviet Union and China. Private and public enterprises have had to develop unique strategies to cope with the broad scope and rapidity of economic and political change in emerging economies. This Special Research Forum on Emerging Economies examines strategy formulation and implementation by private and public enterprises in several different regional settings and from three primary theoretical perspectives: institutional theory, transaction cost economics, and the resource-based view of the firm. In this introduction, we show how different theoretical perspectives can provide useful insights into enterprise strategies in emerging economies. We discuss the special methodological as well as empirical challenges associated with doing research in emer...
3,391 citations
TL;DR: This article conducted a qualitative study of the motivations and contextual factors that induce corporate ecological responsiveness, which revealed three motivations: competitiveness, legitimation, and ecological responsibility, which were influenced by three contextual conditions: field cohesion, issue salience and individual concern.
Abstract: The authors conducted a qualitative study of the motivations and contextual factors that induce corporate ecological responsiveness. Analytic induction applied to data collected from 53 firms in the United Kingdom and Japan revealed three motivations: competitiveness, legitimation, and ecological responsibility. These motivations were influenced by three contextual conditions: field cohesion, issue salience, and individual concern. In this article, the authors also identify the conditions that likely lead to high corporate ecological responsiveness.
3,231 citations
TL;DR: This article examined the effects of international expansion, as measured by international diversity and mode of market entry, on a firm's technological learning and the effect of this learning on the firm's financial performance.
Abstract: An increasing number of new venture firms are internationalizing their business operations early in their life cycles. Previous explanations of this trend have focused on the importance of technological knowledge, skills, and resources for new ventures' international expansion. However, little is known about how these firms use the technological learning gained through internationalization. This study examined the effects of international expansion, as measured by international diversity and mode of market entry, on a firm's technological learning and the effects of this learning on the firm's financial performance.
2,732 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined the consequences of abusive supervisor behavior and found that those who perceived their supervisors to be more abusive were more likely to quit their jobs, while those who remained with their jobs were associated with lower job and life satisfaction, lower normative and affective commitment, and higher continuance commitment, conflict between work and family, and psychological distress.
Abstract: Drawing on justice theory, the author examined the consequences of abusive supervisor behavior. As expected, subordinates who perceived their supervisors were more abusive were more likely to quit their jobs. For subordinates who remained with their jobs, abusive supervision was associated with lower job and life satisfaction, lower normative and affective commitment, and higher continuance commitment, conflict between work and family, and psychological distress. Organizational justice mediated most of these effects, and job mobility moderated some of the deleterious effects of abusive supervision.
2,708 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors employed knowledge-based theory to shed light on international growth in entrepreneurial firms and found earlier initiation of internationalization and greater knowledge intensity to be associat...
Abstract: We employed knowledge-based theory to shed light on international growth in entrepreneurial firms. We found earlier initiation of internationalization and greater knowledge intensity to be associat...
2,581 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper demonstrate that managers' micro interpersonal ties with top executives at other firms and with government officials help improve macro organizational performance using survey data from China and demonstrate that managerial ties are necessary but insufficient for good performance; traditional strategy variables also drive performance.
Abstract: Using survey data from China, we demonstrate that managers' micro interpersonal ties with top executives at other firms and with government officials help improve macro organizational performance This micro-macro link differs among firms with different (1) ownership types, (2) business sectors, (3) sizes, and (4) industry growth rates In addition, managerial ties were found to be necessary but insufficient for good performance; a number of traditional strategy variables also drive performance Theoretically, the findings point to the importance of the social context in which managerial ties are embedded Empirically, this study provides the first set of quantitative data demonstrating both the extent and limits to which managerial ties are beneficial in a transition economy
2,465 citations
TL;DR: This paper investigated whether procedural and interactional justice affect work-related outcomes through different social exchange relationships, and found that interactional fairness affects work related outcomes through a variety of social exchange relations.
Abstract: This research investigated whether procedural and interactional justice affect work-related outcomes through different social exchange relationships. The findings extend previous research by demons...
2,007 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed whether complementary assets are required to gain cost advantage from implementing best practices, and found that capabilities for process innovation and implementation are complementary assets that moderate the relationship between best practices and cost advantage, a significant factor in determining firm performance.
Abstract: Research on the effects on firm performance of “best practices” of environmental management, which are supposed to enable firms to simultaneously protect the environment and reduce costs, has so far ignored the roles of existing firm resources and capabilities. Drawing on the resource-based view of the firm, this study analyzes whether complementary assets are required to gain cost advantage from implementing best practices. Results based on survey data from 88 chemical companies indicate that capabilities for process innovation and implementation are complementary assets that moderate the relationship between best practices and cost advantage, a significant factor in determining firm performance.
1,851 citations
TL;DR: The authors examined the links between managerial interpretations of environmental issues and corporate choice of environmental strategy among 9 companies in the United States, focusing on the strategic issue interpretation literature, and found that managers interpreted environmental issues as strategic issues.
Abstract: Drawing on the strategic issue interpretation literature, this study examined links between managerial interpretations of environmental issues and corporate choice of environmental strategy among 9...
1,759 citations
TL;DR: Reflecting the internationalization of the marketplace and the increasing prominence of entrepreneurial firms in the global economy, the research paths of international business and entrepreneur-shi... as mentioned in this paper ].
Abstract: Reflecting the internationalization of the marketplace and the increasing prominence of entrepreneurial firms in the global economy, the research paths of international business and entrepreneurshi...
1,667 citations
TL;DR: In this article, industry self-regulation, the voluntary association of firms to control their collective action, has been proposed as a complement to government regulation, arguing that the establishment of...
Abstract: Industry self-regulation—the voluntary association of firms to control their collective action—has been proposed as a complement to government regulation. Proponents argue that the establishment of...
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of the international partner selection of firms from emerging (Mexico, Poland, and Romania) and developed (Canada, France, and the United States) markets supports resource-based and organizational learning explanations of such partner selection, a critical factor for success with international strategic alliances.
Abstract: This study of the international partner selection of firms from emerging (Mexico, Poland, and Romania) and developed (Canada, France, and the United States) markets supports resource-based and organizational learning explanations of such partner selection, a critical factor for success with international strategic alliances. Emerging market firms emphasized financial assets, technical capabilities, intangible assets, and willingness to share expertise in selection of partners more than developed market firms. In contrast, developed market firms tried to leverage their resources through partner selection. In particular, they emphasized unique competencies and local market knowledge and access in their partner selection more than emerging market firms.
TL;DR: In this article, a curvilinear relationship between team heterogeneity on nationality and effective performance was investigated through a qualitative field study, with homogeneous and highly heterogeneous teams outperforming moderately heterogeneous ones in the long run.
Abstract: Focusing on hybrid team culture within transnational teams as a facilitator of group interaction, we hypothesized a curvilinear relationship between team heterogeneity on nationality and effective performance. Through a qualitative field study, we developed a mediation model of the effects of transnational team dynamics. Two confirmatory laboratory studies followed. The hypothesized curvilinear relationship was confirmed, with homogeneous and highly heterogeneous teams outperforming moderately heterogeneous ones in the long run. Drawing from conceptual work on status hierarchies, group “faultlines,” and group membership, we discuss implications for team structures in transnational settings.
TL;DR: In this paper, a measure of country institutional profile for entrepreneurship consisting of regulatory, cognitive, and normative dimensions is introduced and validated, based on data from six centralised and decentralised countries.
Abstract: This study introduces and validates a measure of country institutional profile for entrepreneurship consisting of regulatory, cognitive, and normative dimensions. Subscales based on data from six c...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship among cultural diversity, business strategy, and firm performance in the banking industry and demonstrated that cultural diversity does in fact add value and, within the proper context, contributes to firm competitive advantage.
Abstract: Although ‘valuing diversity’ has become a watchword, field research on the impact of a culturally diverse workforce on organizational performance has not been forthcoming. Invoking a resource-based framework, in this study the author examined the relationships among cultural (racial) diversity, business strategy, and firm performance in the banking industry. Racial diversity interacted with business strategy in determining firm performance measured in three different ways, as productivity, return on equity, and market performance. The results demonstrate that cultural diversity does in fact add value and, within the proper context, contributes to firm competitive advantage.
TL;DR: In this article, a comparison of the strategies employed in management research in two periods, 1995-97 and 1985-87, was conducted through a content analysis of articles from the Academy of Management Journal.
Abstract: This study is a comparison of the strategies employed in management research in two periods, 1995–97 and 1985–87. Through a content analysis of articles from the Academy of Management Journal, Admi...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate variation in the extent to which firms benefited from their affiliation with Chilean business groups in the 1988−96 period, and the net benefits of unrelated diversification were positiv...
Abstract: We demonstrate variation in the extent to which firms benefited from their affiliation with Chilean business groups in the 1988−96 period. The net benefits of unrelated diversification were positiv...
TL;DR: In the prevalent rationalistic approaches, human competence at work is seen as constituted by a specific set of attributes, such as the knowledge and skills used in performing particular work as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In the prevalent rationalistic approaches, human competence at work is seen as constituted by a specific set of attributes, such as the knowledge and skills used in performing particular work. As a...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between job and career attitudes and the presence of a mentor, the mentor's type (formal or informal), the quali cation, and the mentorship type.
Abstract: Employing a national sample of 1,162 employees, the authors examined the relationship between job and career attitudes and the presence of a mentor, the mentor's type (formal or informal), the qual...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assessed the relationship of environmental policy and supervisory support behaviors to employee environmental initiatives in leading-edge companies and developed a behavior-anchored rating for each of them.
Abstract: We assessed the relationships of environmental policy and supervisory support behaviors to employee environmental initiatives in leading-edge companies. We developed a behaviorally anchored rating ...
TL;DR: The capability for repeated industry entry in emerging economies can be maintained as a valuable, rare, and valuable capability as mentioned in this paper, however, it can also be lost in the process of economic expansion.
Abstract: Business groups in emerging economies result when entrepreneurs and firms accumulate the capability for repeated industry entry. Such a capability, however, can be maintained as a valuable, rare, a...
TL;DR: In this article, the economic performance of the firms associated with Korean business groups by explicitly addressing groupwide resource sharing and internal business transactions was examined, and the results showed that the performance of these firms was positively associated with the Korean economy.
Abstract: This study examined the economic performance of the firms associated with Korean business groups by explicitly addressing groupwide resource sharing and internal business transactions. The results ...
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of organizational strategic variables, such as management values regarding human resource management (HRM) and the sources of competitive advantage, were examined with data from 138 firms in Korea.
Abstract: To examine the effects of organizational strategic variables, such as management values regarding human resource management (HRM) and the sources of competitive advantage, we developed a model and tested it with data from 138 firms in Korea. The workers studied were nonmanagers. Firms with high scores on valuing HRM and people as a source of competitive advantage were more likely to have high-involvement HRM strategies. These variables also had positive effects on firm performance. In addition, firms with high-involvement HRM strategies had better performance.
TL;DR: Theories of social cognition, information processing, and expertise provided the foundation for a cross-cultural model of venture creation as mentioned in this paper, and using data from seven countries, they found support for the...
Abstract: Theories of social cognition, information processing, and expertise provided the foundation for a cross-cultural model of venture creation. Using data from seven countries, we found support for the...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors contribute to the theory of collaboration in social settings and is based on data collected during action research interventions in a number of public and community interorganization.
Abstract: This article contributes to the theory of collaboration in social settings and is based on data collected during action research interventions in a number of public and community interorganizationa...
TL;DR: This paper used data from 45 production teams (626 individuals) and their supervisors to test hypotheses related to team structure and found that for teams engaged primarily in conceptual tasks, interdependence was important.
Abstract: The authors used data from 45 production teams (626 individuals) and their supervisors to test hypotheses related to team structure. For teams engaged primarily in conceptual tasks, interdependence...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a framework for examining the export strategies of firms from emerging economies and their performance in foreign markets and tested hypotheses derived from this framework were tested on real world data.
Abstract: This study develops a framework for examining the export strategies of firms from emerging economies and their performance in foreign markets. Hypotheses derived from this framework were tested on ...
TL;DR: An archival study of the airline and trucking industries over a ten-year period and a laboratory study revealed that greater past success led to greater strategic persistence after a radical environmental change, and such persistence induced performance declines.
Abstract: An archival study of the airline and trucking industries over a ten-year period and a laboratory study revealed that greater past success led to greater strategic persistence after a radical environmental change, and such persistence induced performance declines. The laboratory study also demonstrated that dysfunctional persistence is due to greater satisfaction with past performance, more confidence in the correctness of current strategies, higher goals and self-efficacy, and less seeking of information ixom critics.
TL;DR: In a survey of 2,200 individuals, the authors examined the degree to which work environments are structured to complement the creative requirements of jobs and found that proximal job characteristics were more strongly associated with a combined objective and perceptual measure of job-required creativity than were distal organizational characteristics.
Abstract: In a survey of 2,200 individuals, the authors examined the degree to which work environments are structured to complement the creative requirements of jobs. Regression analyses indicated that proximal job characteristics were more strongly associated with a combined objective and perceptual measure of job-required creativity than were distal organizational characteristics. Furthermore, higher job satisfaction and lower intentions to leave were found for individuals whose work environments complemented the creative requirements of their jobs.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed and estimated a model that links work-life benefits to organizational citizenship behavior directly, through obligations incurred as a result of social exchange, and indirectly, through enhanced perceptions of organizational support.
Abstract: Countering arguments that employee benefits are unrelated to both worker performance and perceived organizational support, I developed and estimated a model that links work-life benefits to organizational citizenship behavior directly, through obligations incurred as a result of social exchange, and indirectly, through enhanced perceptions of organizational support. Significant, positive relationships were found between workers' assessments of the usefulness of work-life benefits and three measures of organizational citizenship. Although perceived benefit usefulness contributed to perceived organizational support, perceived organizational support did not in turn foster organizational citizenship as measured in this study.