Showing papers in "Academy of Management Journal in 2011"
TL;DR: This work develops a novel theoretical perspective on causal core and periphery, which is based on how elements of a configuration are connected to outcomes, and empirically investigates configurations based on the Miles and Snow typology using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA).
Abstract: Typologies are an important way of organizing the complex cause-effect relationships that are key building blocks of the strategy and organization literatures. Here, I develop a novel theoretical perspective on causal core and periphery, which is based on how elements of a configuration are connected to outcomes. Using data on hightechnology firms, I empirically investigate configurations based on the Miles and Snow typology using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). My findings show how the theoretical perspective developed here allows for a detailed analysis of causal core, periphery, and asymmetry, shifting the focus to midrange theories of causal processes.
2,634 citations
TL;DR: The authors found that prosocial motivation strengthened the association between intrinsic motivation and independent creativity ratings, and perspective taking mediated this moderating effect, which encourages employees to develop ideas that are useful as well as novel.
Abstract: Although many scholars believe that intrinsic motivation fuels creativity, research has returned equivocal results. Drawing on motivated information processing theory, we propose that the relationship between intrinsic motivation and creativity is enhanced by other-focused psychological processes. Perspective taking, as generated by prosocial motivation, encourages employees to develop ideas that are useful as well as novel. In three studies, using both field and lab data, we found that prosocial motivation strengthened the association between intrinsic motivation and independent creativity ratings. In our second and third studies, perspective taking mediated this moderating effect. We discuss theoretical implications for creativity and motivation.
1,134 citations
TL;DR: Corporate philanthropy is expected to positively affect firm financial performance because it helps firms gain sociopolitical legitimacy, which enables them to elicit positive stakeholder responses as mentioned in this paper, which in turn helps them gain positive investor responses.
Abstract: Corporate philanthropy is expected to positively affect firm financial performance because it helps firms gain sociopolitical legitimacy, which enables them to elicit positive stakeholder responses...
837 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined implicit voice theories, taken-for-granted beliefs about when and why speaking up at work is risky or inappropriate, using interview data from a large corporation and found that speaking up is risky and inappropriate.
Abstract: In four studies, we examine implicit voice theories—taken-for-granted beliefs about when and why speaking up at work is risky or inappropriate. In Study 1, interview data from a large corporation s...
613 citations
TL;DR: This paper explored the identities, behaviors, and actions of 49 firm founders in the sports-related equipment industry and showed how these identities systematically shape key decisions in the creation of new firms, thereby "imprinting" the startups with the founders' distinct self-concepts.
Abstract: Drawing on social identity theory, we explore the identities, behaviors, and actions of 49 firm founders in the sports-related equipment industry. Our analysis suggests the existence of three pure types of founder identities and shows how these identities systematically shape key decisions in the creation of new firms, thereby “imprinting” the start-ups with the founders’ distinct self-concepts. We synthesize our findings in a typology that sheds light on the heterogeneous meanings that founders associate with new firm creation and that improves understanding as to why fundamental differences in firm creation processes and outcomes exist.
581 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors apply information processing and resource dependence perspectives to identify the repertoire of strategic responses to supply chain disruptions and to devise and test a model that explains the occurrence of the alternative responses.
Abstract: Why, how, and under what conditions do firms respond to supply chain disruptions? These are important questions, given that firms around the world are increasingly exposed to disruptions that impede their supply chain relationships and associated operations. This study applies information processing and resource dependence perspectives to identify the repertoire of strategic responses to supply chain disruptions and to devise and test a model that explains the occurrence of the alternative responses. The findings suggest that these responses are shaped by the "stability motive" and by "interpretative postures," which evolve from past experiences.
534 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a longitudinal, inductive study traces the relationship between organizational routines and their contribution to organizing and concludes that organizational routines are ubiquitous, yet their contributions to organizing have been underappreciated.
Abstract: Organizational routines are ubiquitous, yet their contribution to organizing has been underappreciated. Our longitudinal, inductive study traces the relationship between organizational routines and...
483 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between trustworthiness and procedural and interpersonal justice was investigated, with integrity predicting subsequent levels of all four justice dimensions, including benevolence, ability, benevolance, and integrity.
Abstract: Despite a significant amount of theoretical and empirical attention, the connection between justice and trust remains poorly understood. Our study utilized Mayer, Davis, and Schoorman’s (1995) distinction between trustworthiness (the ability, benevolence, and integrity of a trustee) and trust (a willingness to be vulnerable to the trustee) to clarify that connection. More specifically, we drew on a theoretical integration of social exchange theory, the relational model, and fairness heuristic theory to derive predictions about the relationships among justice, trustworthiness, and trust, with supervisors as the referent. A longitudinal field study stretching over two periods showed that informational justice was a significant predictor of subsequent trust perceptions, even when analyses controlled for prior levels of trust and trustworthiness. However, the relationship between justice and trustworthiness was shown to be reciprocal. Procedural and interpersonal justice were significant predictors of subsequent levels of benevolence and integrity, with integrity predicting subsequent levels of all four justice dimensions. We describe the theoretical implications of these results for future research in the justice and trust literatures.
480 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the moral exclusion literature identifies three previously unexamined predictors of abusive supervision: supervisor perceptions of deep-level dissimilarity, relationship conflict, and subordinate performance.
Abstract: The moral exclusion literature identifies three previously unexamined predictors of abusive supervision: supervisor perceptions of deep-level dissimilarity, relationship conflict, and subordinate performance. Invoking theory and research on workplace diversity, relationship conflict, and victim precipitation, we model the three predictors as associated with abusive supervision. Path-analytic tests using data collected from supervisor-subordinate dyads at two time points suggest that supervisor perceptions of relationship conflict and subordinate performance mediate the relationship between perceived deep-level dissimilarity and abusive supervision and that relationship conflict mediates that between perceived deep-level dissimilarity and abusive supervision when supervisors perceive subordinates as having low performance. Estimates suggest that more than 13 percent of working people in the United States become targets of abusive supervision, or nonphysical hostility perpetrated by employees’ immediate superiors (Schat, Frone, & Kelloway, 2006). Examples of behaviors that fall within the abusive supervision content domain include undermining, public denigration, and explosive outbursts (Tepper, 2007). Sustained exposure to abusive supervision is associated with serious negative outcomes for victims and employers, including psychological distress (Tepper, 2000), problem drinking (Bamberger & Bacharach, 2006), and aggression directed against a
435 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors offer a new theoretical perspective on the unique nature and function of job satisfaction change, or systematic improvement or decline in job satisfaction over time, using four diverse groups.
Abstract: This study offers a new theoretical perspective on the unique nature and function of job satisfaction change, or systematic improvement or decline in job satisfaction over time. Using four diverse ...
429 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors integrate psychological and neurocognitive perspectives to examine the effects of sleep deprivation on workplace deviance and find that sleep deprivation is correlated with workplace deviant behavior.
Abstract: The causes of workplace deviance are of increasing interest to organizations. We integrate psychological and neurocognitive perspectives to examine the effects of sleep deprivation on workplace dev...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that large, open egocentric networks foster network positions that provide access to nonredundant knowledge, and that network characteristics predict knowledge sharing.
Abstract: Contrasting views exist on how network characteristics predict knowledge sharing. Although large, open egocentric networks foster network positions that provide access to nonredundant knowledge, cr...
TL;DR: In this paper, meta-analytical techniques employed on a database of 141 studies covering 28 different countries were used to find that affiliation diminishes firm performance in general, but also that affiliates are comparatively better off in contexts with underdeveloped financial and labor market institutions.
Abstract: Research on business groups—legally independent firms tied together in various formal and informal ways—is accelerating. Through meta-analytical techniques employed on a database of 141 studies covering 28 different countries, we synthesize this research and extend it by testing several new hypotheses. We find that affiliation diminishes firm performance in general, but also that affiliates are comparatively better off in contexts with underdeveloped financial and labor market institutions. We also trace reduced affiliate performance to specific strategic actions taken at the firm and group levels. Overall, our results indicate that affiliate performance reflects complex processes and motivations.
TL;DR: This paper examined the daily relationship between customers' mistreatment of employees and employee sabotage of customers, as well as employees' individual and individual-and resource perspectives, taking emotion and resource perspectives.
Abstract: Taking emotion and resource perspectives, we examined the daily relationship between customers' mistreatment of employees and employee sabotage of customers, as well as employees' individual- and u...
TL;DR: The authors compare the responses to unexpected events that enable their work to continue, and compare ethnographic studies of the responses of organizations to these unexpected events with those of non-organizations.
Abstract: Organizations increasingly face surprises with regularity, yet little is known about how they develop the responses to unexpected events that enable their work to continue. We compare ethnographic ...
TL;DR: The authors found that although extraversion predicts leadership emergence and effectiveness, but do groups perform more effectively under extraverted leadership? Drawing on dominance complementarity theory, they propose that although proactive leadership enhances group performance when employees are passive, this effect reverses when employees were proactive, because extraverted leaders are less receptive to proactivity.
Abstract: Extraversion predicts leadership emergence and effectiveness, but do groups perform more effectively under extraverted leadership? Drawing on dominance complementarity theory, we propose that although extraverted leadership enhances group performance when employees are passive, this effect reverses when employees are proactive, because extraverted leaders are less receptive to proactivity. In Study 1, pizza stores with leaders rated high (low) in extraversion achieved higher profits when employees were passive (proactive). Study 2 constructively replicates these findings in the laboratory: passive (proactive) groups achieved higher performance when leaders acted high (low) in extraversion. We discuss theoretical and practical implications for leadership and proactivity.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined how employees use one proactive behavior, feedback seeking, as a strategy to enhance their creative performance and found that feedback seeking is not only a strategy that facilitates individual adaptation, but also a resource for achieving creative outcomes.
Abstract: Using 456 supervisor-employee dyads from four organizations, this study examined how employees use one proactive behavior, feedback seeking, as a strategy to enhance their creative performance. As hypothesized, employees' cognitive style and perceived organizational support for creativity affected two patterns of feedback seeking: the propensity to inquire for feedback and the propensity to monitor the environment for indirect feedback. Feedback inquiry related to supervisor ratings of employee creative performance. These results highlight the importance of employees' self-regulatory behaviors in the creative process and show that feedback seeking is not only a strategy that facilitates individual adaptation, but also a resource for achieving creative outcomes.
TL;DR: The authors found that although time heals wounds (reduces the negative emotions from project failure), it heals differently depending on the strength of individua, and that project failures are common.
Abstract: Project failures are common. We theorized and found that although time heals wounds (reduces the negative emotions from project failure), it heals differently depending on the strength of individua...
TL;DR: This paper examined within-individual relationships among emotional labor, negative and positive affective states, and work withdrawal, as well as the moderating role of work withdrawal in a work environment.
Abstract: Using experience-sampling methodology, we examined within-individual relationships among emotional labor, negative and positive affective states, and work withdrawal, as well as the moderating role...
TL;DR: This article examined the extent to which the influence of transformational leadership on work group effectiveness flows through follower perceptions of person-organization or person-supervisor value congruence using multilevel structural equations modeling.
Abstract: Using multilevel structural equations modeling, we examine the extent to which the influence of transformational leadership on work group effectiveness flows through follower perceptions of person-organization or person-supervisor value congruence. Results indicate that the group-level effect of transformational leadership on work group effectiveness was fully accounted for by the group-level impact of transformational leadership on follower perceptions of person-organization value congruence, not by its impact on follower perceptions of person-supervisor value congruence. These results are discussed in the context of leadership as a “sense-making” process and the practical barriers faced by transformational leaders in modern organizations.
TL;DR: In this article, a cross-level theory establishing that team bureaucratic practices (centralization and formalization) constrain creative expression was developed, which indicated that this influence is not only negative but also different.
Abstract: Offering important counterpoint to work identifying team influences stimulating creative expression of individual differences in goal orientation, we develop cross-level theory establishing that team bureaucratic practices (centralization and formalization) constrain creative expression. Speaking to the tension between bureaucracy and creativity, findings indicate that this influence is not only negative and that effects of centralization and formalization differ. Surveying 330 employees in 95 teams at the Taiwan Customs Bureau, we found that learning and "performance avoid" goal orientations had, respectively, stronger positive and weaker negative relationships with creativity under low centralization. A "performance- prove" orientation was positively related to creativity under low formalization.
TL;DR: The authors examined whether cognitive styles associated with idea implementation (i.e., conformity and attention to detail) have an influence on team radical innovation, and concluded that they do not have a significant influence.
Abstract: To resolve “the innovation paradox,” we examined whether cognitive styles associated with idea implementation (i.e., conformity and attention to detail) have an influence on team radical innovation...
TL;DR: The authors examined the relationship between alternative approaches to employment systems and quits, dismissals, and customer service, using cross-sectional, longitudinal data from nationally repre- ected data.
Abstract: This study examines the relationship between alternative approaches to employment systems and quits, dismissals, and customer service, using cross-sectional, longitudinal data from nationally repre...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors unpack absorptive capacity into "latitudinal" and "longitudinal" components, corresponding to use of diverse and distant knowledge, respectively, to understand how firms facing technological discontinuities utilize knowledge from alliance portfolios.
Abstract: To understand how firms facing technological discontinuities utilize knowledge from alliance portfolios, we unpack absorptive capacity into “latitudinal” and “longitudinal” components, corresponding to use of diverse and distant knowledge, respectively. We find that a moderate burden on firms' latitudinal absorptive capacity, corresponding to medium diversity in their portfolios, contributes to optimal knowledge utilization. Simultaneously increasing the demand on firms' longitudinal absorptive capacity affects this relationship negatively. Highlighting important trade-offs between latitudinal and longitudinal absorptive capacities, our findings reveal two portfolio strategies, “telescopic” and “panoptic” searches, that optimize knowledge utilization. We address important dialectics concerning absorptive capacity constraints and knowledge utilization.
TL;DR: The authors examine the paradox of capabilities: although portfolio resources contribute to innovation success, and technologically capable firms have the ability to gain more such resources, firms' "competitiveness" diminishes when compared to other firms' capabilities.
Abstract: We examine the paradox of capabilities: although portfolio resources contribute to innovation success, and technologically capable firms have the ability to gain more such resources, firms' “compet...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the effects of contract structure on trust and the likelihood of continued collaboration in inter-irm disputes, using a longitudinal data set concerning 102 interfirm disputes.
Abstract: Leveraging a longitudinal data set concerning 102 interfirm disputes, we evaluate the effects of contract structure on trust and on the likelihood of continued collaboration. We theoretically refin...
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of top management teams' integrative complexity and decentralization of decision making on corporate social performance was examined in 61 Fortune 500 firms and found support for their predictions.
Abstract: We examine the influence of top management teams’ (TMTs’) integrative complexity and decentralization of decision making on corporate social performance. We argue that both factors increase TMT ability to gather information on, and attend to, stakeholder needs, thereby yielding higher corporate social performance. We further predict that decentralization moderates the relationship between integrative complexity and corporate social performance in such a way that the relationship is stronger under conditions of centralization. Using a Q-sort methodology, which translates complex qualitative observations into quantitative metrics, we examined integrative complexity and decentralization in 61 Fortune 500 firms and found support for our predictions. In the wake of numerous corporate scandals, corporate social performance has garnered much attention from business practitioners and academics alike. Corporate social performance refers to “a business organization’s configuration of principles of social responsibility, processes of social responsiveness, and policies, programs, and observable outcomes as they relate to the firm’s societal relationships” (Wood, 1991: 693). The dominant perspective taken in evaluating a firm’s corporate social performance is the stakeholder approach, according to which firms act in a socially responsible manner when they take the interests of multiple stakeholders (e.g., customers, employees) into account (McGuire, Dow, & Argheyd, 2003; Ruf, Muralidhar, Brown, Janney, & Paul, 2001).
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined how team temporal diversity can be effectively managed to maximize team performance, including variability in team members' time urgency, pacing style, and time perspective.
Abstract: This study examines how team temporal diversity–variation in members' time urgency, pacing style, and time perspective—can be effectively managed to maximize team performance. Results from 71 teams...