Showing papers in "Accident Analysis & Prevention in 1997"

TL;DR: The literature on sensation seeking as a direct influencer of risky driving and its consequences and as a moderator of the influence of other factors is reviewed and the implications for collision prevention measures are discussed.

TL;DR: The findings show that the ZIP structure models are promising and have great flexibility in uncovering processes affecting accident frequencies on roadway sections observed with zero accidents and those with observed accident occurrences.

TL;DR: Analysis of data indicated that the participants drove faster when in an angry mood than when in any other mood, and they drove better when alone or with friends than when their parents were present.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors estimate the likely effect of reduced travel speeds on the incidence of pedestrian fatalities in Adelaide, Australia, using detailed investigations of 176 fatal pedestrian crashes in the Adelaide area between 1983 and 1991.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a set of evaluation measures for safety attitudes and safety climate, and evaluated the influence of situational and personal factors on both safety climate and attitude in ground handling departments.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that age-related perceptual and cognitive deficits may play a substantial role in many of the crashes involving older pedestrians.

TL;DR: Results suggest that driving performance is subject to diurnal variations, with the result that impairments in driving performance in the early afternoon are of a similar magnitude to those occurring in the late evening and early morning.

TL;DR: There are 'black times' when accidents are far more likely and that there is a strong need to investigate possible countermeasures, and an explanation for this transient peak is offered.

TL;DR: The accident liability of the drivers has been evaluated using a multivariate statistical model; for some drivers, accident liability is shown to be sensitive to daytime sleepiness.

TL;DR: Many drivers and company representatives reported fatigue to be a problem for other drivers, but considered themselves or their companies' drivers to be relatively unaffected by fatigue.

TL;DR: The headway results support the hypothesis of larger compensation for accident-reducing than for injury-red reducing measures, and the relationship of driving behaviour to two different kinds of in-car safety equipment, airbags and antilock braking systems is addressed.

TL;DR: Fatigue-related variables and their relationship with accident involvement were examined in a group of 42 Sydney metropolitan taxi drivers across a 2-year period, and optimism bias was present for a variety of driving-related questions, including the ability to drive safely while fatigued.

TL;DR: The results of this study imply that useful strategies for improving driver vigilance should be directed at improving the safety culture of the operating environment.

TL;DR: Results of the modelling show men to have a consistently higher risk of crash involvement per mile driven than women for all six combinations of crash severity and light condition examined, consistent with the idea that women's typically low average annual mileage is a factor in their observed higher non-fatal crash involvement rates.

TL;DR: In this article, a critical examination of an induced exposure technique, based on the non-responsible driver/vehicle of a two-vehicle accident (quasi-induced exposure), is presented.

TL;DR: A specific strategy designed to defend against the adverse effects of fatigue and workload extremes through the use of adaptive driver systems which are specifically designed to combat driving impairment.

TL;DR: A typology of pedestrian accidents is proposed, based on a correspondence analysis, followed by a classification, which clearly identifies four groups: elderly pedestrians who were crossing a road in an urban area; children involved in daytime accidents in urban areas whilst playing or running; intoxicated pedestrians involved in night-time accidents in the country whilst walking on the carriageway; pedestrians involved on secondary accidents and changes of transport mode.

TL;DR: After accounting for vehicle weight differences, struck-side occupants of cars were still much more likely to be seriously injured than struck- side occupants of light trucks, however, among occupants seated on the side of the vehicle opposite the impact, the likelihood of serious injury was higher for those seated in light trucks.

TL;DR: The strongest positive relationship between target child restraint use and CSS proper use was for drivers using safety belts, and positive relationships were found for the vehicle having air bags, the driver being a family member, the child in the middle back seat position, and CSS infrequently removed from the vehicle.

TL;DR: It is suggested that commuting drivers in the morning rush hours are most resistant to speed reduction, and the average speed and percentage of speeding drivers were reduced for several weeks of the after-period, demonstrating a time-halo effect of eight weeks at most.

TL;DR: Two driving simulator studies are reported which investigate the variation of fatigue effects with task demands and provide recommendations for system design to counteract driver fatigue and suggest performance-based feedback monitoring information with route and traffic density information from navigation systems may be necessary.

TL;DR: To test whether deliberate monitoring of certain symptoms may help drivers and other workers realize when they need to rest to avoid hazard, the development of fatigue while driving a simulator was objectively measured in terms of how many persons quit driving as a function of time.

TL;DR: The quasi-induced exposure method is applied to fatal crash data obtained from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Fatal Accident Reporting System, to generate exposure and crash rate estimates for S/R drivers in California and concludes that it is not suited to this task.

TL;DR: Head injuries, including oral injuries, were the most common, in particular among children and adolescents, among patients visiting a physician or dentist because of bicycle-related injury during one year.

TL;DR: The analysis of a data base created by merging road casualty information and census data for the former Lothian region in Scotland found that the casualty rates amongst residents from areas classified as relatively deprived were significantly higher than those from relatively affluent areas.

TL;DR: Injury reducing measures, such as more effective snow clearing, sand and salt spreading in strategic areas, better slip preventive aids on shoes, and 'padding' of older women, would reduce the injuries and their consequences.

TL;DR: Analysis of the effect of reduced head movement on the useful field of view indicated that, for the drivers aged 60 years and over, there was an evident restriction on the distances at which approaching traffic could be brought into the central, stationary field, so that approaching vehicles would not be clearly perceived beyond a distance of 50 m.

TL;DR: This paper draws on the findings of research into the origins, symptoms and development of human fatigue, and on recent research into driver-support systems, to assess the prospects for implementations of technological countermeasures against driver fatigue in the foreseeable future.

TL;DR: The more confounding factors evaluation studies account for, the smaller becomes the accident reduction attributed to blackspot treatment, according to the so called Iron Law of evaluation studies.

TL;DR: The current survey investigates the features of driver fatigue incidents (accidents, near accidents and unintentional drifting-out-of-lane events) which occurred in cities, with results showing similar patterns to previous surveys.