Showing papers in "Accident Analysis & Prevention in 1999"

TL;DR: The results suggest that the youngest and the oldest drivers were more likely to be considered at-fault, and it was concluded that the primary problem with the young is risk-taking and lack of skill.

TL;DR: It was concluded that neither a hands-free option nor a voice controlled interface removes the safety problems associated with the use of mobile phones in a car.

TL;DR: The findings of this study demonstrate that nested logit modeling, which is able to take into account vehicle occupancy effects and identify a broad range of factors that influence occupant injury, is a promising methodological approach.

TL;DR: A logistic regression analysis showed that the following additional factors made significant and independent contributions to increasing the odds of sleep involvement in an accident: dry road, high speed limit, driving one's own car, not driving the car daily, high education, and few years of driving experience.

TL;DR: Examining the prevalence of red light running crashes on a national basis and identifying the characteristics of such crashes and the drivers involved finds red light runners were more likely than other drivers to be younger than age 30, male, have prior moving violations and convictions for driving while intoxicated, have invalid driver's licenses, and have consumed alcohol prior to the crash.

TL;DR: Multivariate analyses showed that--corrected for annual mileage--male and female drivers do not differ in accident involvement; younger drivers have the highest rate of accidents and level of education is not related to accident involvement.

TL;DR: Overall, the red light violation rate was reduced approximately 42% several months after the enforcement program began and increases in driver compliance with red lights were not limited to the camera-equipped intersections but spilled over to nonequipped intersections as well.

TL;DR: Intercorrelations among measured abilities were high, indicating the need for caution in interpreting reported relationships between individual abilities and unsafe driving incidents, and the authors caution against interpreting correlations found in highly selected samples as representing the magnitude of relationships in the population at large.

TL;DR: An alternative method based on the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) is described in order to work out a model that relates to the analysis of vehicular accidents in Milan and the degree of danger of urban intersections using different scenarios is quantified by the ANN model.

TL;DR: In both areas, there is an apparent decrease in accident rate if the percentage of heavy vehicles increases, with the speed distribution held constant, and in both areas the effect of speed limits is to reduce the mean speed of traffic by at least one quarter.

TL;DR: Findings support the need for road safety campaigns targeted at young women to reduce dangerous driving practices, such as speeding, 'tail gating' and overtaking on the inside.

TL;DR: Fatalities on interstates increased 15% in the 24 states that raised speed limits and seven states that did not following the 1995 repeal of the US National Maximum Speed Limit, while deaths on roads other than interstates were essentially unchanged.

TL;DR: The absolute event rates per bicycle kilometer were found to be between 26 and 68 times higher than similar rates for automobile travel, re-confirming the urgent bicycle safety crisis.

TL;DR: The results corroborate the notion that mental activity counteracts drowsiness in prolonged driving.

TL;DR: The safety inspectors carried out monitoring visits to 305 building construction sites, and the results were compared with the accident figures of the same sites, where there was a significant correlation between the observed safety index and the accident rate of the site groups.

TL;DR: The results show that drivers do compensate for road lighting in terms of increased speed and reduced concentration, which means that road lighting could have a somewhat larger accident-reducing effect, if compensation could be avoided.

TL;DR: It is shown that the possibility cannot be ruled out that a massive effort to eliminate traffic deaths would be counterproductive in terms of overall mortality, and the balance of evidence suggests that the relationship between income and mortality is a causal one.

TL;DR: In Ghana, transport-related injuries were more severe than other types of injuries in terms of mortality, length of disability, and economic consequences and prevention strategies need to be different from those in developed countries and should target commercial drivers more than private road users.

TL;DR: This paper investigates the relationship between traffic intensity or level of service (LOS) and highway crash rates by including the effects of site characteristics and estimating Poisson regression models for predicting single and multi-vehicle crashes separately, focusing on rural two-lane highways.

TL;DR: Non-standard helmets appear to offer little head protection during a crash and future study is needed to understand the dynamics leading to head injury when different types of helmets are worn.

TL;DR: Comparison of police records and hospital data underlines a deficit of the number of road accidents in the routine statistics and suggests non-fatally traffic-injured in-patients should be followed 30 days to improve quality of police death records.

TL;DR: Although pedestrians and bicyclists struck by motor vehicles in the roadway were generally the most seriously injured, they represented less than a third of the reported cases.

TL;DR: It is concluded that big production budgets may not be necessary to create effective road safety advertising and in several cases, 30 s low cost talking heads testimonials performed equally as well as their far more expensive counterparts.

TL;DR: The study evaluates the impact of vehicle impoundment on the 1-year subsequent driving behavior of S/R and unlicensed drivers who experience this sanction and provides strong support for impounding vehicles driven by S/ R and un licensed drivers.

TL;DR: The results show that efforts to encourage people to use child safety seats have been successful, and that drivers who had a high occurrence of misuse were not the parent of the child, and had children who were both younger and smaller.

TL;DR: It is suggested that focusing injury prevention efforts on changing the lifestyles of young adults is unlikely to reduce overall crash risk, and would have little impact on the risk of serious injury.

TL;DR: Smokers, episodic heavy drinkers, marijuana users and users of illegal drugs in combination with alcohol were significantly more likely to drive after drinking alcohol and ride with a driver who had been drinking alcohol, and significantly less likely to wear safety belts while driving or while riding in a car as a passenger.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of cycle helmet wearing on hospitalised head injuries between 1990 and 1996, using cyclist limb injuries as a measure of exposure to the risk of cycling trauma was investigated.

TL;DR: The logistic regression analysis showed that the young drivers whose dominant lifestyle trait is alcohol consumption or drive without destination have high accident risk, while these whose dominantifestyle trait is culture, face low accident risk.

TL;DR: It is found that given the model assumptions, while equipping a car with autonomous intelligent cruise control can significantly reduce the probability of the collision with the car ahead, it may adversely affect the situation for the following cars.