Showing papers in "Acta Histochemica Et Cytochemica in 1987"
TL;DR: The use of T-T as marker offers several advantages over other markers, it appears not interfere with the hybridization efficiency, simple to make and can be detected with high sensitivity.
Abstract: DNA labeled with non-radioactive markers have been used for hybridization with specific DNA or RNA either on filter or in cells and tissues. The presence of protruding markers on the probe DNA has been attributed to the cause for the loss of sensitivity and specificity of hybridization. In search of a non-protruding marker, we investigated the possibility of use of T-T dimer which can be generated easily in DNA and is a potent hapten as a marker for DNA. T-T dimer in DNA was generated by UV irradiation (254μm) for total of 4, 000-5, 000 joules/m2. For in situ hybridization; cells or tissues were first fixed either with Carnoy's fixative or formaldehyde and were usually treated with 0.2N HCl, then hybridized with the T-T dimerized DNA (T-T DNA). The hybridized T-T DNA was detected immunohistochemically using rabbit anti T-T DNA and peroxidase-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG. With the Southern dot hybridization, the presence of 1 or less pg of complementary DNA can be detected. In cells and tissues, mRNA such as c-myc mRNA and growth hormone mRNA, and various viral DNA mRNA could be localized. The use of T-T as marker offers several advantages over other markers, it appears not interfere with the hybridization efficiency, simple to make and can be detected with high sensitivity.
52 citations
TL;DR: With these methods, the serotonin and GRH neurons could be clearly and finely visualized and the reactive substances resulting from the avidinbiotin-peroxidase complex method were enhanced by osmication.
Abstract: With a view to improving the immunohistochemical technique for the demonstration of bioactive substances, i.e., neuropeptides and biogenic amines in the mammalian central nervous system, the procedures of immunoperoxidase methods were examined and some modifications for obtaining consistent results were developed.Brains of pharmacologically untreated animals were utilized as the material of the present study. The time through thoracotomy and preperfusion was reduced as much as possible. Perfusion fixation was performed at an increased rate, using a blood pump (hemolizer). The first fixative was a mixture of 4% formaldehyde, 0.2% picric acid, and 0.5% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer; the second was 4% formaldehyde and 0.2% picric acid in phosphate buffer acidified to pH6.5 with acetic acid; and the third was buffered formaldehyde solution. The osmotic pressure of all these fixatives was 1550-1650mOsM. Sections 25μm thick were produced on a Microslicer, followed by application of the freezing-thawing technique. The free-floating sections were incubated in a low concentration of antibody solution diluted by 0.5% Triton X-100 in phosphate buffer for a longer period than usual, under cool condition. The reactive substances resulting from the avidinbiotin-peroxidase complex method were enhanced by osmication. With these methods, the serotonin and GRH neurons could be clearly and finely visualized.
27 citations
Journal Article•
27 citations
TL;DR: Observations suggest that thesyncytiotrophoblast is active in the nucleotide metabolism and that microvillous surface of the syncytium may play an important role in regulating the feto-placental-maternal microcirculation in the human term placenta.
Abstract: The ultracytochemical localizations of adenosine nucleotidase activities were investigated in the human term placenta. The enzymes studied were as follows: 5′-nucleotidase (5′-N), Ca++-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Ca++ ATPase), Mg++-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Mg++ ATPase) and nucleotide diphosphatase (NDPase). 5′-N activity was demonstrated using not only the lead nitrate method of Wachstein and Meisel but also the recently developed cerium and neodymium method as well.The reaction products for 5′-N activity were found on the external surface of the microvillous plasma membrane of the syncytiotrophoblast. Alpha-beta-methylene adenosine diphosphate (AOPCP), at a concentration of 2.0mM, effectively inhibited 5′-N activity. Ca++ATPase and Mg++ATPase activity were observed strongly on the microvillous membrane of the syncytiotrophoblast and weakly on the basal plasma membrane of the syncytiotrophoblast. NDPase, using ADP as a substrate, was localized on the microvillous membrane.These observations suggest that the syncytiotrophoblast is active in the nucleotide metabolism and that microvillous surface of the syncytium may play an important role in regulating the feto-placental-maternal microcirculation in the human term placenta.
25 citations
TL;DR: The present study using actin filament destabilizers and antimicrotubular drugs clarifies two distinct types of lysosomal transformations, which are nematolysosomes and wrapping lysOSomes.
Abstract: Saltatory intracellular lysosomal movements were enhanced by both fluid-phase pinocytosis (horseradish peroxidase; HRP) and adsorptive pinocytosis (peroxidase anti-peroxidase; PAP) in cultured rat alveolar macrophages. To elucidate the role of cytoskeletal elements in the regulatory mechanism of lysosomal movements related to the autophagy and heterophagy, the effects of actin filament destabilizers (cytochalasin B, D) and antimicrotubular drugs (colchicine, nocodazole) on the lysosomal movement induced adsorptive pinocytosis of PAP were investigated by cytochemical electron microscopy.In the cultured alveolar macrophages, the pinocytosis of PAP promoted lysosomal movements and the extension of nematolysosomes (thread-like lysosomes) within the cytoplasm. The actin filament destabilizers inhibited these lysosomal movements and forming process of nematolysosomes, while the drugs had little or no inhibitory effect on pinocytosis of PAP. The antimicrotubular drugs also had an inhibitory effect on the appearance of nematolysosomes. Moreover, these drugs led to another type of lysosomal transformation, i.e., wrapping lysosomes which are thought to be one process of autophagy.The present study using actin filament destabilizers and antimicrotubular drugs clarifies two distinct types of lysosomal transformations, which are nematolysosomes and wrapping lysosomes. It is suggested that cytoskeletal elements play an important role in regulating the movement and transformation of lysosomes in the macrophages.
24 citations
23 citations
TL;DR: Taurine-like immunoreactivity (TLI) in the brain was studied by immunohistochemical and biochemical approaches and it was suggested that TLI staining should be attributed to unknown substances as well as the amino acid taurine.
Abstract: Taurine-like immunoreactivity (TLI) in the brain was studied by immunohistochemical and biochemical approaches. The immunohistochemical examination, using different fixatives or taurine antisera preabsorbed with crossreactive substances, demonstrated that TLI staining in the striatum differed from that in the cerebellum. The results suggested that TLI staining should be attributed to unknown substances as well as the amino acid taurine. Immunohistochemical results using a new antiserum raised against γ-glutamyl-taurine supported this assumption. Furthermore, we attempted to extract TLI-positive materials from bovine brain by ion-exchange chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. A novel immunoreactive substance was isolated and it was distinct immunochemically from either taurine, γ-glutamyl-taurine or glycyl-taurine.
23 citations
TL;DR: The findings indicate that: a) the cytochemical properties of the membranes are different between the apical surface, secretory canaliculus, the tubulovesicles and basal-lateral plasma membrane corresponding to the function and b) the tubuovesicles are not uniform in nature.
Abstract: Ca++-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Ca++-ATPase), ouabain-insensitive, K+-dependent p-nitrophenylphosphatase (K+-NPPase), a component of H+, K+-ATPase system, and ouabain-sensitive K+-NPPase, a component of Na+, K+-ATPase system, were studied in the gastric parietal cells of guinea pigs fed ad libitum and/or starved using the recently improved cytochemical methods introduced by Ando et al. (1981), Fujimoto et al. (1986) and Mayahara et al. (1980), respectively.Ca++-ATPase activity was localized: a) on the exterior side of basal and lateral membranes, b) on the interior side of the membrane covering some tubulovesicles, c) just on the membrane covering Golgi apparatus and d) on the matrix of mitochondria. Ca++-ATPase activity on the mitochondria indicated the varying degrees of the intensity in the Ca++ concentration of the reaction medium and in a secretory state of parietal cell. Ca++-ATPase-positive tubulovesicles were not observed in the typical, acid-secreting, parietal cell. H+, K+-ATPase (ouabain-insensitive K+-NPPase) activity was recognized on the cytoplasmic side of: a) the apical plasma membrane, b) the secretory canalicular membrane, c) the tubulovesicular membrane and d) the lateral apical membrane showing the cell junction in both the acid-secreting and nonsecreting parietal cells. H+, K+-ATPase-negative tubulovesicles were also observed. On the other hand, Na+, K+-ATPase (ouabain-sensitive K+-NPPase) activity was observed on the cytoplasmic side of the basal and lateral membranes in both the acid-secreting and non-secreting parietal cells. Na+, K+-ATPase activity was also recognized on a few tubulovesicles of the non-secreting parietal cell.These findings indicate that: a) the cytochemical properties of the membranes are different between the apical surface, secretory canaliculus, the tubulovesicles and basal-lateral plasma membrane corresponding to the function and b) the tubulovesicles are not uniform in nature.
19 citations
17 citations
17 citations
TL;DR: A total of 154 cases of salivary gland tumors were studied by an indirect method with the use of monoclonal antibody to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) from human milk fat globule membrane to show positive reaction of EMA staining throughout their cytoplasm depending on histological malignancy.
Abstract: A total of 154 cases of salivary gland tumors were studied by an indirect method with the use of monoclonal antibody to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) from human milk fat globule membrane. Normal salivary glands displayed positive reaction of EMA staining in the luminal and lateral borders of serous acinar cells, and in the luminal border of ducts. Immunohistochemical expression of EMA in salivary gland tumors was chiefly classified into two types: one is the luminal surface-positive type and the other is the whole cellpositive type. Pleomorphic adenoma was usually positive for EMA staining in luminal borders of tubular, duct-like and cystic structures, and occasionally positive in the cytoplasm of the cells comprising these structures. Warthin's tumor was positive for EMA staining on the luminal surface of eosinophilic tumor epithelial cells, or EMA-positive reaction was evident in various areas scattered throughout the epithelial structures. Acinic cell tumor, carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma (carcinoma cell), and mucoepidermoid tumor showed positive reaction of EMA staining throughout their cytoplasm depending on histological malignancy. No positive reaction to EMA staining was given by either normal myoepithelial cells, and transformed or neoplastic myoepithelial cells.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The immunohistochemical detection of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) was carried out in a total of 152 cases of salivary gland tumours, consisting 107 pleomorphic adenomas and their variants, 13 adenolymphomas and 32 adenoid cystic carcinomas as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Immunohistochemical identification of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) was carried out in a total of 152 cases of salivary gland tumours, consisting 107 pleomorphic adenomas and their variants, 13 adenolymphomas and 32 adenoid cystic carcinomas. A high percentage of pleomorphic adenomas revealed markedly positive hEGF staining of the luminal surface cells of tubuloductal structures and of modified or neoplastic myoepithelial cells. Clear cells of the tumour showed various reactivities from very slight to strong. Eosinophilic epithelial cells of adenolymphoma gave a positive reaction for hEGF in all the cases, whereas most adenoid cystic adenoma lacked hEGF staining; however some cases showed positive staining of the tumour cells. The immunohistochemical detection of hEGF in most salivary gland tumours suggests this factor to be a possible new marker of salivary glands tumours, and to have a biological role in tumour proliferation.
TL;DR: Results indicate that an application of the cryofixation method is useful for improving resolution and specificity in immunocytochemical postembedding staining.
Abstract: An applicable method of cryofixation to immunocytochemistry was examined. Fresh tissue blocks of rat pancreas and parotid gland were quickly frozen by the metal contact method using liquid helium and freeze-substituted with one of the following media kept at -80°C for 36hr; pure acetone, 0.1% glutaraldehyde (anhydrous) in acetone, approximately 0.2% paraformaldehyde in acetone, and 10% acrolein in acetone. After freeze-substitution fixation, tissue blocks were embedded in Araldite mixture. Thin sections mounted on nickel grids were processed for immunocytochemical localization of amylase according to the multiple-step protocol of the protein A-gold immunostaining method by Bendayan and Duhr (4). They were then postfixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde in PBS and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate for electron microscopy. Good results were obtained from the materials substituted with glutaraldehyde or paraformaldehyde in acetone. The ultrastructural features of the cells were preserved well, similar to those in the materials substituted with OsO4 in acetone except for negative images of the membranous structures. Secretory granules, condensing vacuoles, and Golgi cisterns were labeled well with immunogold. Labeling density was much higher in the present materials than in those processed by conventional chemical fixation, and the intensity of labeling increased in proportion to increasing electron density of the materials contained within individual subcellular compartments. These results indicate that an application of the cryofixation method is useful for improving resolution and specificity in immunocytochemical postembedding staining.
TL;DR: Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) was demonstrated by histochemical methods on the electron microscopic level and strong activity was found in glial cells, especially astrocytes and in some axons.
Abstract: Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) was demonstrated by histochemical methods on the electron microscopic level. The method was based on a phosphate precipitation using cerium ions as the capture metal. The enzymatic reaction could be demonstrated in synapses, on endoplasmic reticulum, microtubules, the nuclear envelope, the cytoplasm and in some axons. Furthermore strong activity was found in glial cells, especially astrocytes. Only little reaction was detectable in the capillary endothelium. Because of the destroying action of the snake venom the morphology of the tissue was poor.
TL;DR: The present study was designed to get clearer localization of TRAP in the osteoclasts and their mononuclear precursor cells than that of previous studies using Lowicryl K.4M as an embedding medium, which is polymerized by UV irradiation under a low temperature to preserve the enzymes and hormones in the tissue.
TL;DR: The presence of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the striated myocytes of pulmonary veins in rat was studied by immunohistochemical methods and the immunoreactivity of the pulmonary myocardium was less intense than found in the left atrium.
Abstract: The presence of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the striated myocytes of pulmonary veins in rat was studied by immunohistochemical methods. In general, the immunoreactivity of the pulmonary myocardium was less intense than found in the left atrium. In the inner circular layer of the pulmonary myocardium, some striated myocytes were moderately granular stained. The staining was mainly localized to the paranuclear areas, while some granules were also distributed throughout the sarcoplasm.
TL;DR: In this article, a preembedding PAP-technique with osmification of the diamino benzidine (DAB) reaction product was used to detect the antigenic sites of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE).
Abstract: Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) was demonstrated by an immunocytochemical method on the electron microscopic level. The method was chosen was a preembedding PAP-technique with osmification of the diamino benzidine (DAB) reaction product. Antigenic sites of PDE were detected in synapses, on endoplasmic reticulum, microtubules, the nuclear envelope, the cytoplasma and processes of distinct neurons and glial cells. Only a little reaction product was found in the capillary endothelium. The morphology was better in comparison to enzymehistochemical methods. There was a good agreement between the localizations of the enzymatic reaction (16) and the antigenic sites of the PDE on the electron microscopic level.
TL;DR: From the present study, it is suggested that mixed tumors of the skin may be differentiated from either transitional portion or myoepithelial cells of the eccrine glands.
Abstract: Mixed tumors of sweat gland in the skin were stained by the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) method using antibodies to S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and keratin proteins, in order to evaluate possible histogenesis of the tumors. Secretory coiled cells in normal eccrine glands were moderately positive for S-100 protein, markedly positive for NSE, and negative for GFAP, and they displayed variably intense staining with anti-keratin antibodies. In mixed tumors of the skin, the round, oval or polygonal cells located in the outer zone of tubular or duct-like structures, were usually strongly positive for S-100 protein, gave reactions of varied intensity for NSE, and were generally negative or very weakly positive for GFAP. Spindle-shaped cells were negative or very slightly positive for S-100 protein and strongly positive for NSE; but the reaction for GFAP varied. Tumor cells located on the luminal side of tubular or duct-like structures were uniformly positive for KLl (molecular weight 55-57 Kdaltons keratin) and PKKl (molecular weight 41-56 Kdaltons keratin). From the present study, it is suggested that mixed tumors of the skin may be differentiated from either transitional portion or myoepithelial cells of the eccrine glands.
TL;DR: The present study suggests that long-term streptozotocin diabetes in the rat may be accompanied by neuropathy of the noradrenergic nerves that supply the superior mesenteric artery.
Abstract: The noradrenergic innervation of the superior mesenteric artery of control and 6- or 40-week streptozotocin-diabetic rats was examined by assaying tissue norepinephrine levels and by using the glyoxylic acid histofluorescence technique associated with quantitative image analysis.Short-term (6-week) experimental diabetes had no significant effect on norepinephrine levels nor on the density of the network of fluorescent nerve fibers that supply the superior mesenteric artery. Long-term (40-week) experimental diabetes was accompanied by a significant reduction of nor-epinephrine content of the superior mesenteric artery and by an impaired morphology of the perivascular plexus of fluorescent nerve fibers.The present study suggests that long-term streptozotocin diabetes in the rat may be accompanied by neuropathy of the noradrenergic nerves that supply the superior mesenteric artery. The results are discussed in relation to the possibility that, at least in part, the impairment of cardiovascular functions described in human diabetes may depend on alterations of the noradrenergic innervation of blood vessels.
TL;DR: By treatments with RNase or DNase or both, it was confirmed that the observed labeling of monocytic cells with [14C]A was chiefly due to the incorporation of labeled adenine into DNA.
Abstract: promonocytes or monoblasts in the circulating blood has not hitherto been reported by any worker who used [3H]TdR. This indicates that [14C]A is more effective for labeling monocytic cells than is [3H] TdR. By treatments with RNase or DNase or both, it was confirmed that the observed labeling of monocytic cells with [14C]A was chiefly due to the incorporation of labeled adenine into DNA. From the biochemical view point, it was suggested that monocytic cells have a limited capacity for de novo adenine synthesis and because of this
TL;DR: It is proposed that the mast cell proteases represent the best characterized members of a distinct subclass of serine proteases that also include proteolytic enzymes found in cytotoxic lymphocytes and granulocytes.
Abstract: The properties of the rat mast cell proteases, RMCP I and RMCP II are compared. How the structures of these enzymes may relate to substrate specificity and function is discussed. Additionally, it is proposed that the mast cell proteases represent the best characterized members of a distinct subclass of serine proteases that also include proteolytic enzymes found in cytotoxic lymphocytes and granulocytes.
TL;DR: Tumor Antigen 4 can be considered as an index of differentiation of SCC cells, and TA-4 should be useful as a tumor marker which expresses the characteristics of the neoplastic tissue during squamous maturation.
Abstract: Immunohistochemical localization of Tumor Antigen 4 (TA-4) in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tissues of the uterine cervix was studied by means of the immunoperoxidase methods. Light microscopic detection of TA-4 was carried out by means of the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections from 92 cases of invasive cervical cancer of the uterus. These tumors were histologically SCC, consisting of 68 of the large cell non-keratinizing (LNK) type and 24 of the keratinizing (K) type. TA-4 positive cells were detected in 65% of LNK cases and 100% of K cases. Positively stained neoplastic cells were seen frequently around the hyperparakeratotic lesions, and they showed a tendency to keratinization.TA-4 localization was also confirmed in the cells of stratum spinosum of the non-cancerous squamous epithelium.Subcellular localization of TA-4 was studied by the preembedding indirect immunoperoxidase method. TA-4 was localized in the cytosols of the neo-plastic cells, but not in tonofilaments. It was suggested that TA-4 was a structural protein of SCC. Therefore, unlike keratin, TA-4 can be considered as an index of differentiation of SCC cells, and TA-4 should be useful as a tumor marker which expresses the characteristics of the neoplastic tissue during squamous maturation.
TL;DR: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) prevented the cells from inflation, mitochondria swelling and vacuolation of endoplasmic reticulum, which were caused by the administration of MMC, suggesting that CoQ10 could prevent damage caused by antineoplastic agents.
Abstract: The side effects of mitomycin C (MMC) on liver cells and the protective effectiveness were investigated morphologically, biochemically and histo-cytochemically.Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) prevented the cells from inflation, mitochondria swelling and vacuolation of endoplasmic reticulum, which were caused by the administration of MMC. This might be due to CoQ10 preventing the cells from decreasing energy metabolism.The biochemical determination of enzyme activities indicated significant difference between the treatments in 5′-nucleotidase (5′-Nase) activity and in contrast, Mg++-adenosine triphosphatase (Mg++-ATPase) was not found statistically different.The histo-cytochemical observation showed that the activity of 5′-Nase and Mg++-ATPase were decreased by being treated with MMC. But the localization pattern of the enzyme activities was not different from the control when both CoQ10 and MMC were administrated. The present results suggested that CoQ10 could prevent damage caused by antineoplastic agents.
TL;DR: Findings indicate that the roof and floor plate-forming cells are different in enzyme activity from the proliferative cells of the lateral walls during embryonic development.
Abstract: Some metabolic activities in the spinal cord of the rat during embryonic development were investigated by using cytochemical techniques for calcium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Ca2+-ATPase) and alkaline phosphatase (AlPase).Under light microscopy, the roof and floor plates of the primitive spinal cord at embryonic day (E) 12 clearly showed high Ca2+-ATPase activity, whereas the lateral plates, in contrast, had marked AlPase activity. In the later stages of development, the lateral walls also exhibited Ca2+-ATPase activity. Under electron microscopy, reaction products for the Ca2+-ATPase activity in the roof and floor plates were mainly localized in the lateral plasma membranes, including many cytoplasmic processes, of these plate-forming cells.These findings indicate that the roof and floor plate-forming cells are different in enzyme activity from the proliferative cells of the lateral walls during embryonic development. The possible roles of Ca2+-ATPase in the membrane activity of early differentiated neuroepithelial cells during the embryonic development of the spinal cord are discussed.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Results indicate that, when the alpha 1-antitrypsin-elastase complex is present in the circulating blood, it is incorporated into the elastic lamina through the endothelial layer, which results in liquefaction of the lamina, desquamation of endothelial cells and leakage of the complex into the perivascular tissues via the vascular walls.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the destination of the alpha 1-antitrypsin-elastase complex, which is found in circulating blood after the peroral administration of elastase. The complex was made in vitro by mixing hog pancreatic elastase with human alpha 1-antitrypsin and then injected intravenously into rats and mice. Tissues taken at various times after injection were subjected to histochemical staining using an antibody against elastase. Light microscope observations revealed dense deposition of reaction products in the elastic lamina of the arterioles; moderate or slight deposits were seen in the tissues surrounding arteries, in the tubular epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubules in the kidney, and in the pancreatic ducts. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed heavy deposition of the reaction product in the elastic lamina of the small arteries and arterioles; some dissolution of the elastic fibers was also evident. Pinocytic uptake of the alpha 1-antitrypsin-elastase complex was observed on the abluminal surface of endothelial cells and in smooth-muscle cells bordering the elastic lamina of arterioles. The endothelial cells of the arteries and arterioles retained their normal morphological appearance, although local desquamation was observed in some animals. The results indicate that, when the alpha 1-antitrypsin-elastase complex is present in the circulating blood, it is incorporated into the elastic lamina through the endothelial layer. This results in liquefaction of the lamina, desquamation of endothelial cells and leakage of the complex into the perivascular tissues via the vascular walls. However, some of the complex seems to be excreted very quickly from the kidneys.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the materials stained with the GA-Bi method in the nucleoli of mouse oocytes may have no direct correlation with the transcriptional activity of ribosomal DNA.
Abstract: The electron microscopic bismuth staining method of Locke and Huie (16) was applied to the nucleoli of dictyate-stage growing mouse oocytes. After bismuth staining following glutaraldehyde fixation (GA-Bi staining), bismuth was largely localized in the fibrillar centers and the adjoining zones of dense fibrillar components not only in the nucleoli of growing oocytes during the unilaminar, bilaminar and plurilaminar follicle stages, but also in the nucleoli of mature antral-follicular oocytes. These results suggest that the materials stained with the GA-Bi method in the nucleoli of mouse oocytes may have no direct correlation with the transcriptional activity of ribosomal DNA.In the nucleoli of antral follicular oocytes, the large spherical bodies, consisting of condensed fibrillar components, were unstained with GA-Bi staining but densely stained with bismuth following formaldehyde fixation (FA-Bi staining). This fact suggested the presence of nuclear basic proteins such as histones and protamines in these nucleolar bodies.
TL;DR: Modelled epithelial cells in Bowen's disease showed marked differences in stainability with respect to present four immunoreagents, with a loss of the regular or zonal distribution pattern as found in the normal epidermis.
Abstract: Specimens from patients with Bowen's disease were studied for keratin and involucrin distribution as determined by antibodies polyclonal (TK), and monoclonal (KL1 and PKK1) against keratin, and polyclonal antibodies against involucrin, respectively. Squamous cells in normal skin were positive for TK detectable keratins throughout the epidermis, while the spinous cells were strongly positive for KL1 detectable ones. Basal cells were negative for KL1, but characteristically strongly positive for PKK1. Normal epidermis showed marked staining for involucrin in upper spinous and granular cell layers. Specimens from patients with Bowen's disease exhibited irregular expression of antigen by the three types of anti-keratin antibodies with a loss of the regular or zonal distribution pattern as found in the normal epidermis. The lesions also showed negative staining for involucrin. Thus, affected epithelial cells in Bowen's disease showed marked differences in stainability with respect to present four immunoreagents.
TL;DR: To find out which type of intestinal metaplasia in the human stomach is more closely related to the small or large intestinal mucosa from the viewpoint of their glycoprotein content, lectin staining characteristics of the secreted mucin, luminal surface, apical and supranuclear cytoplasm, goblet mucin of both types of metaplastic glands are studied.
Abstract: In order to find out which type of intestinal metaplasia, complete or incomplete, in the human stomach is more closely related to the small or large intestinal mucosa from the viewpoint of their glycoprotein content, we studied the lectin staining characteristics of the secreted mucin, luminal surface, apical and supranuclear cytoplasm, goblet mucin of both types of metaplastic glands and compared them with those of the small intestinal, ascending and descending colonic mucosa. Three types of lectins, Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) and peanut agglutinin, were used with and without prior neuraminidase digestion. Specimens were selected from 32 resected stomachs which contained both metaplastic and non-metaplastic glands. Six specimens were selected from the small intestine and 12 each from the ascending and descending colon.Blood groups of the patients were also taken into consideration. Findings showed that both types of metaplastic glands possessed definitely different lectin binding properties from the non-metaplastic glands. They also differed from the small and large intestinal mucosa. However, no distinguishable difference was found between the lectin staining of the complete and incomplete types of metaplastic glands. When DBA, a group A antigen-specific lectin was used, patients with blood groups A and AB showed different lectin staining from patients with blood groups B and O. Also, goblet mucin of the metaplastic glands and small intestinal mucosa showed stepwise changes in lectin staining from the bottom to the upper portion of the crypts in accordance with the migration of these cells from the bottom of the crypts upwards.