Showing papers in "Acta Odontologica Scandinavica in 2008"
TL;DR: Daily consumtion of ice-cream containing probiotic bifidobacteria may reduce the salivary levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in young adults.
Abstract: Objective. Probiotic bacteria are thought to reduce the risk of some infectious diseases. The aim of the present study was to examine whether or not short-term consumption of ice-cream containing b...
149 citations
TL;DR: Oral micro-organisms are capable of metabolizing alcohol to acetaldehyde, which casts light on the observed association between poor oral hygiene and oral cancer, and highlights some future possibilities for the control of carcinogenesis.
Abstract: We present a novel concept on carcinogenesis mediated by oral microbiota. Oral micro-organisms are capable of metabolizing alcohol to acetaldehyde. This finding casts light on the observed association between poor oral hygiene and oral cancer. Ethanol, as such, is not carcinogenic, but its first metabolite acetaldehyde is indisputably carcinogenic. Several gastro-intestinal microbial species possess the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which is also the enzyme responsible for alcohol metabolism in the liver. In oral microbiota, we observed that species such as the ubiquitous viridans streptococci and Candida also possess ADH. Ethanol can be detected in the mouth hours after the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Patients with poor oral health status have shown higher salivary acetaldehyde concentrations than those with better oral health. It is thus understandable that ADH-containing micro-organisms in the mouth present a risk for carcinogenic acetaldehyde production, with subsequent potential for the development of oral cancer, particularly among heavy drinkers. In this article, we briefly review this area of investigation and conclude by highlighting some future possibilities for the control of carcinogenesis.
106 citations
TL;DR: A number of aberrations associated with AI have been reported, but not sufficiently systematic to allow for a secondary analysis and synthesis of the findings, and the impact on patients in terms of reduced quality of life and economic burden needs to be studied.
Abstract: Objective. Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a disease primarily affecting amelogenesis, but other aberrations have been reported. The purposes of this review were: (1) to identify other anomalies associated with AI, and (2) to describe the impact of the disease and its associated conditions on the oral health-related quality of life of patients, and the economic consequences. Material and methods. A literature search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Bibliotek.dk, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and OMIM, supplemented by a search for selected authors. Based on titles and abstracts, 137 papers were identified. Results. Most articles were case reports or case series with few cases. Aberrations were reported in the eruption process, in the morphology of the crown, in the pulp-dentine organ, and in the number of teeth. Gingival conditions and oral hygiene were usually reported to be poor, and calculus was a common finding. Open bite was the most commonly reported malocclusion. A negative impact on patients’ oral health-related quality of life was described, but information was scarce. No information was found on the economic impact. Conclusions. A number of aberrations associated with AI have been reported, but not sufficiently systematic to allow for a secondary analysis and synthesis of the findings. The impact on patients in terms of reduced quality of life and economic burden needs to be studied.
95 citations
TL;DR: Some variation was found in strength and surface hardness of zirconia that had been color shaded to different shades, and EDX analysis showed slight differences between compositions of different color liquids.
Abstract: Objective. Zirconia ceramics for frameworks of fixed partial dentures can be color shaded to better match the shade of veneering porcelain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of color shading the green-stage zirconia ceramic on some mechanical properties. Material and Methods. Zirconia disks (diameter 19 mm, thickness 0.8 mm) were divided into 10 groups of 10 disks each according to the color shade of the zirconia ceramic. The disks were shaded with the same color liquid using either the recommended shading time (3 s) or prolonged shading time (60 s). Nine control disks were tested without color. Composition of the color liquids was determined with EDX analysis. All the disks were sintered at 1500°C and their biaxial flexural strength was measured dry and at room temperature. Surface Vickers microhardness was measured. Data were evaluated using ANOVA analysis. Results. Disks of shade D4 (Vita Classic-scale) revealed the highest strength (1007 MPa) of the shaded disks, but the strength did no...
92 citations
TL;DR: The prevalence and distribution of demarcated opacities and possible consequences of this condition in permanent 1st molars and incisors in Danish children in 6 to 8-year-old children are estimated and the most frequently affected tooth types were the upper central incisor followed by 1 first molars.
Abstract: Objective. To estimate the prevalence and describe the distribution of demarcated opacities and possible consequences of this condition in permanent 1st molars and incisors in Danish children. Material and methods. Among all 6 to 8-year-old children in two municipalities, 745 (83.6%) were clinically examined for the occurrence of creamy-white or yellowish-brown demarcated opacities, posteruptive breakdown of tooth substance in relation to the opacities, atypical restorations, and extractions, i.e. restorations or extractions as a result of the occurrence of demarcated opacities. Results. In 647 children with four fully erupted permanent 1st molars, the prevalence of demarcated opacities and of lesions with loss of tooth substance due to demarcated opacities in any 1st molar was 37.3% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 33.6–41.0%) and 6.3% (95% CI 4.7–8.5%), respectively. Permanent incisors were 2.5 times more frequently affected among children with one or more affected permanent 1st molar than among childr...
85 citations
TL;DR: Toothbrush abrasion of eroded enamel is influenced mainly by the abrasivity of the toothpaste slurry, but is also modified by toothbrush filament stiffness.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Toothbrush abrasion is significant in the development of tooth wear, particularly when combined with erosion. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the impact of toothpaste slurry abrasivity and toothbrush filament stiffness on abrasion of eroded enamel. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eroded enamel samples (hydrochloric acid, pH: 2.6, 15 s) were brushed with 40 strokes in an automatic brushing machine using manual toothbrushes with different filament stiffness (filament diameter: 0.15, 0.20, or 0.25 mm). A paste-free control slurry (relative enamel abrasion (REA) value 2) and toothpaste slurries with different abrasivity (REA values 6 or 9) were used for brushing. Erosion and abrasion were followed by storing the enamel samples in artificial saliva for 3 h. After each 4th cycle, the samples were stored in artificial saliva for 15 h. After 60 cycles, enamel loss was measured by profilometry and statistically analyzed by two-way and one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni/Dunn post-hoc tests. RESULTS: Loss of enamel (mean, microm) was influenced mainly by the abrasivity of the slurry and increased along with REA value (REA 2: 0.0-0.2, REA 6: 2.1-3.3, REA 9: 2.9-3.7). Abrasion of eroded enamel was also affected by filament stiffness of the toothbrush, but only groups brushed with toothpaste slurry of REA 6 showed any significant difference between the different toothbrushes. Thereby, toothbrushes with 0.2 mm filament diameter caused higher enamel loss than 0.15 and 0.25 mm filaments. CONCLUSIONS: Toothbrush abrasion of eroded enamel is influenced mainly by the abrasivity of the toothpaste slurry, but is also modified by toothbrush filament stiffness.
85 citations
TL;DR: Only soaking in sodium hypochlorite, microwave irradiation immersed in water, and application of effervescent cleansing tabs (Blend-a-dent tabs) proved to be effective against C. albicans colonization on soft denture relining material.
Abstract: Objective. The aim of this study was to rank 10 denture disinfection methods according to their efficacy in reducing Candida albicans (C. albicans) colonization on soft denture relining material. Material and Methods. Circular specimens (diameter 8 mm) were made of soft denture relining material (Mucopren E, Kettenbach) and thermally aged. Specimens were incubated with C. albicans (strain 1386, DSMZ) followed by 1 of 10 disinfection procedures (6 soaks, 2 microwave irradiation regimes, 1 effervescent commercial cleansing product, and denture left dry overnight). Incubation with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) served as a control. Adhering fungi were quantified using a bioluminometric assay in combination with an automated plate reader for cell quantification. Scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) were made for validation. Results. Low median luminescence intensities indicated the presence of a few viable fungi after the soaking of specimens in sodium hypochlorite (10 relative luminescence units (rlu)), mic...
73 citations
TL;DR: As more people retain their own teeth throughout life and the prevalence of oral diseases increases among the institutionalized elderly, their objective need for dental treatment is even greater than before, underscores the necessity for developing effective and oral care programs for the elderly.
Abstract: Objective. To assess the oral health status of elderly residents living in nursing homes, and to determine whether there have been any changes between 1988 and 2004. Material and methods. The dental, periodontal, prosthetic, and oral mucosal status was recorded for 155 elderly long-term residents in five nursing homes. The results were compared with those of an identical cross-sectional study from 1988, using the same nursing homes, examination procedures, and evaluation criteria. The participation rate was 89.6%. Results. Edentulism was less frequent in 2004 (43%) than in 1988 (71%), and the mean number of teeth among the dentate participants had increased from 10.7 to 14.6. The proportion of subjects with decayed teeth increased from 55% in 1988 to 72% in 2004, and the mean DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) increased from 19.4 to 23.2. The frequency of subjects with periodontal pockets of 4 mm or more increased from 43% to 65% during the 16-year period. More participants had crowns or bridges. O...
73 citations
TL;DR: In subjects without T2D, gutka-chewers have severe periodontal conditions and oral symptoms compared to non-Chewers, while in subjects with T1D, the severity of these variables is related to glycemic levels rather than gutka consumption.
Abstract: Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate the periodontal conditions and oral symptoms among gutka-chewers in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). Material and methods. Subjects aged between 45 and 64 years were included. “Gutka-chewers” were defined as subjects who had been chewing at least one sachet of gutka daily for at least 12 months. Subjects who reported never to have used tobacco in any form were categorized as “non-chewers”. Periodontal conditions (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], and probing depth [PD] [4 mm<6 mm and ≥6 mm]), number of missing teeth, oral symptoms, reasons for gutka use, and random blood glucose levels were recorded. Exclusion criteria were smoking and use of antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and steroids. Results. Mean durations of gutka use in subjects with and without T2D were 10.5 (range 8.0–15.5 years) and 8.4 (range 6.0–20.2 years) years correspondingly. In subjects with T2D, gutka-chewers (n=29) and non-chewers (n=44) s...
70 citations
TL;DR: Collagenase activity and inactive and activated forms of PMN-type MMP-8 in GCF and PISF increased with the severity of periodontitis and peri-implantitis and the highest activation of M MP-8 isoenzymes species (PMN and fibroblast-type).
Abstract: Objective. To compare collagenase activity and collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and in peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) in gingivitis (G), chronic periodontitis (CP), and peri-implantitis (PI) human subjects. Material and Methods. GCF and PISF were collected on filter paper strips, volume was determined, and samples were extracted in buffer containing general proteinase but not MMP inhibitors. Collagenase activity was measured using a DNP-synthetic octapeptide, and molecular and activation forms of collagenase-2 by Western immunoblotting. Results. GCF from CP and G sites exhibited elevated collagenase activity and flow, but collagenase concentrations expressed per µl were not significantly different between the healthy and G sites. Minimal fluid was obtained from healthy PISF, and collagenase concentration was the same or lower than in healthy GCF. Although PISF flow was 34% lower than GCF flow in CP subjects, collagenase concentration in CP and in ...
70 citations
TL;DR: Dental pain has considerable impact on the daily lives of adolescents and their families in Brazil and there are many more dental pain-related impacts in girls and in lower social class children.
Abstract: Objective. To assess the prevalence and severity of dental pain on the daily lives of adolescents and their families in Brazil, and, in terms of socio-economic status, whether there are differences in the prevalence of impacts. Material and Methods. In a cross-sectional survey of a random sample of 14 to 15-year-olds in Brazil, the prevalence and severity of dental pain, and how dental pain affects daily functioning, were assessed using a child-related questionnaire. A family-related questionnaire included questions on a child pain inventory and the pain-related impacts on the daily lives of the child's family members. Results. 14.5% of children reported high impact levels on their daily lives related to dental pain, the more so among girls than among boys, i.e. 16.7% compared to 11.6%. Significantly more impacts occurred in lower socio-economic class children than in higher, i.e. 19.7% versus 7.8%. The prevalence of impacts among children who reported dental pain (n=354) was high; 64.7% reporting that co...
TL;DR: The efficacy of the in situ pellicles in reducing erosion was 2-fold better for enamel than for dentine, and protection of the pellicle was not influenced by the kind of acid when enamel and dentine erosion was performed at pH 2.6.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate and compare the protective impact of the in situ formed salivary pellicle on enamel and dentine erosion caused by different acids at pH 2.6. METHODS: Bovine enamel and dentine samples were exposed for 120 min in the oral cavity of 10 healthy volunteers. Subsequently, enamel and dentine pellicle-covered specimens were extraorally immersed in 1 ml hydrochloric, citric or phosphoric acid (pH 2.6, 60 s, each acid n=30 samples). Pellicle-free samples (each acid n=10) served as controls. Calcium release into the acid was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The data were analysed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (alpha=0.05). RESULTS: Pellicle-covered samples showed significantly less calcium loss compared to pellicle-free samples in all acid groups. The mean (SD) pellicle protection (% reduction of calcium loss) was significantly better for enamel samples [60.9 (5.3)] than for dentine samples [30.5 (5.0)], but revealed no differences among the acids. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of the in situ pellicle in reducing erosion was 2-fold better for enamel than for dentine. Protection of the pellicle was not influenced by the kind of acid when enamel and dentine erosion was performed at pH 2.6.
TL;DR: Male dental students were more prone to developing frequent myofascial pain and to perceiving local muscle soreness than were male students during a 1-year period, and female gender, dental occlusion, and oral parafunctions have any influence on these signs and symptoms.
Abstract: Objective. The aims of this study were to examine the 1-year period prevalence, incidence, and course of myofascial pain in the jaw-face region, and to analyze whether female gender, dental occlusi ...
TL;DR: Significant differences in tooth display, lip-line height, and smile width between the posed smiling record, traditionally produced for orthodontic diagnosis, and the spontaneous (Duchenne) smile of joy are analyzed.
Abstract: Objective. To analyze differences in tooth display, lip-line height, and smile width between the posed smiling record, traditionally produced for orthodontic diagnosis, and the spontaneous (Duchenne) smile of joy. Material and methods. The faces of 122 male participants were each filmed during spontaneous and posed smiling. Spontaneous smiles were elicited through the participants watching a comical movie. Maxillary and mandibular lip-line heights, tooth display, and smile width were measured using a digital videographic method for smile analysis. Paired sample t-tests were used to compare measurements of posed and spontaneous smiling. Results. Maxillary lip-line heights during spontaneous smiling were significantly higher than during posed smiling. Compared to spontaneous smiling, tooth display in the (pre)molar area during posed smiling decreased by up to 30%, along with a significant reduction of smile width. During posed smiling, also mandibular lip-line heights changed and the teeth were more covered by the lower lip than during spontaneous smiling. Conclusions. Reduced lip-line heights, tooth display, and smile width on a posed smiling record can have implications for the diagnostics of lip-line height, smile arc, buccal corridors, and plane of occlusion. Spontaneous smiling records next to posed smiling records are therefore recommended for diagnostic purposes. Because of the dynamic nature of spontaneous smiling, it is proposed to switch to dynamic video recording of the smile.
TL;DR: Within the limitations of the present study, the internal spaces of zirconia ceramic copings may decrease as the convergence angles of abutments increase, and the computer-fixed cement space might influence the marginal adaptation of zirkonia ceramicCopings.
Abstract: Objective. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of total convergence angle and cement space on internal and marginal adaptation of posterior zirconium dioxide (zirconia) ceramic copings. Material and methods. Seventy-two standardized mandibular first molar zirconia copings were fabricated with nine parameters: three different total convergence angles (6°, 12°, and 20°) with three different computer-fixed cement spaces (10, 30, and 60 µm). Marginal adaptation was assessed to measure vertical discrepancy between the coping and abutment by direct viewing. Internal adaptation was evaluated using the cement replica technique with a laser microscope. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were performed to test for differences in internal space and marginal discrepancy values (α=0.05). Results. The median of mean internal spaces/marginal discrepancies ranged from 54.0/27.4 to 128.1/77.8 µm. Statistically significant differences in the internal spaces were found between grou...
TL;DR: The luting agent was dependent on light exposure and time to obtain improved DC, and neither the indirect activation nor the DE procedure significantly influenced the final DC.
Abstract: Objective. In this study we investigated the degree of conversion (DC) of a dual-cured resin luting agent beneath a ceramic of different thickness. Material and Methods. The luting material (RelyX) was photo-activated for 40 s through ceramic disks (Empress Esthetic, 0.7, 1.4, or 2 mm thick). Dual (DUC) and chemically cured (CC) control groups were obtained. A delayed exposure (DE) procedure was tested in which the material was light-activated after 5 min without using ceramic. DC (%) was measured using infrared spectroscopy at 40 s, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 min. Light irradiance and spectrum transmitted through ceramic were measured using a power meter and a spectrometer. Results. A decrease in irradiance was detected with increasing ceramic thickness, but no alteration in the emission profile was observed. At 10 min, all groups showed DC higher than at 40 s. No significant differences were detected for DUC compared with the groups indirectly activated through the ceramic disks. Generally, CC showed the lowest DC values. No significant effect in DC was detected for DE after 10 min. A significant increase in DC was generally detected only up to 4 min. Conclusions. The luting agent was dependent on light exposure and time to obtain improved DC. Neither the indirect activation nor the DE procedure significantly influenced the final DC.
TL;DR: There is a significant association between posterior to anterior facial height and the masseter muscle in children and the importance of themasseter muscle is more evident in the vertical facial morphology of females.
Abstract: Objective. To investigate the relationship between vertical craniofacial morphology and masseter muscle thickness and mechanical advantage in children. Material and methods. The sample comprised 72 children (36 F, 36 M), 8.5–9.5 years of age, with various malocclusions and no previous orthodontic treatment. The thickness of the masseter was measured bilaterally by means of ultrasonography, and the recordings were performed both in relaxation and under contraction. Mechanical advantage was measured on the lateral cephalograms as the ratio between the masseter moment and the bite force moment arms. Two linear ratios and three angular measurements were used to describe vertical craniofacial morphology. Results. The mean masseter thickness was greater in the male group (p<0.05) in both relaxed and contracted conditions. There were no significant sex differences for the mechanical advantage or for the measurements of vertical craniofacial morphology. In females, there is a positive association between masseter...
TL;DR: A novel silane system with an optimal concentration of the cross-linking silane may produce significantly higher shear bond strength between silica-coated titanium and resin-composite cement compared to a pre-activated silane product.
Abstract: Objective. Four experimental blends of an organo-functional silane monomer with a non-functional cross-linking silane monomer (a novel silane system) were evaluated as adhesion promoters in an experiment in which a resin-composite cement was bonded to silica-coated titanium. Material and Methods. 3-Acryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (as constant 1.0 vol%) was blended with 1,2-bis-(triethoxysilyl)ethane, where its concentration was 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, or 0.5 vol%. Titanium slides (n=20) were grit-blasted, silica-coated, and silanized with four experimental silane solutions, with a pre-activated silane Cimara™ (VOCO, Germany) as control. After silanization, resin-composite cement stubs (Bifix™ QM; VOCO, Germany) were photo-polymerized. The shear bond strength was measured after dry storage (24 h) or after thermo-cycling (6000 cycles between 5°C and 55°C). The resin stub failure mode was determined. Results. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed that type of storage (p <0.05) and concentration of cross-linker silane...
TL;DR: Preliminary evidence that a child's reaction to restorative dental procedures is influenced by the nature of the caregiver's parenting style is provided.
Abstract: Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of parenting style on the choice of proper behavior guidance strategies in pedodontics. Material and methods. Seventy-two children aged between 4 and 6 years (mean 5.12 years) with carious primary mandibular molars were selected. The Primary Caregivers’ Practices Report (PCPR) was used to quantify authoritarian, permissive and authoritative aspects of the caregivers’ parenting style. After inferior alveolar nerve block, carious lesions were removed and the teeth were restored using amalgam. The children's behavior during operation was assessed according to the sound, eye, and motor (SEM) scale. Communicative guidance, advance behavior guidance, parental separation, and deferred treatment were used for behavior management. Results. The dominant authoritative score was observed in 50% of parents, permissive in 37.5%, and authoritarian in 12.5%. The mean SEM score in children belonging to authoritative parents was significantly lower than in c...
TL;DR: The association between dental fear and number of decayed teeth was positive and was independent of age, gender, and attendance and among the oldest age group, the numbers of missing and sound teeth were positively associated with dental fear while being negatively associated among the youngest age group.
Abstract: Objective. Our objective was to study whether dental condition, measured by numbers of sound, decayed, missing, and restored teeth, was associated with dental fear, and whether age, dental attendance, and/or gender modified this association. Material and Methods. The sample (n=8,028) comprised Finnish adults aged 30 years and older and the study included people (n=6,335) who participated in a home interview and a clinical dental examination. Dental fear was measured by the question: “How afraid are you of visiting a dentist?” Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between dental fear and dental condition variables, i.e. numbers of decayed, missing, sound, and restored teeth considering the effects of age, attendance, and gender. Results. With the exception of number of restored teeth, all dental condition variables were associated with dental fear. The association between dental fear and number of decayed teeth was positive and was independent of age, gender, and atten...
TL;DR: The tested etch-and-rinse adhesive did better than the tested self-etching adhesives when substrate was not an issue and the shear bond strength results were also strongly affected by the operator as well as by the interaction between operator and used product.
Abstract: Objective. To test the hypothesis that some single-bottle self-etching adhesives bond as well to enamel and dentin as a typical two-bottle etch-and-rinse adhesive. Material and methods. Six operators used one two-bottle etch-and-rinse dentin adhesive (Scotchbond MP) and five all-in-one self-etching adhesives (iBond Gluma Inside, Clearfil S3 Bond, iBond Experimental, Xeno IV, and G-BOND). Each operator carried out six bondings to enamel and six bondings to dentin with each adhesive. After 24 h of storage in water at 37°C, bond strength was determined in shear. Results. The pooled results of all the adhesives revealed no significant difference (p>0.05) in bond strength between dentin and enamel. However, there were significant differences (p<0.0001) between the different adhesives. The etch-and-rinse adhesive did better than the self-etching adhesives when substrate was not an issue (pooled enamel and dentin results). On comparing the performance of the different adhesives, it became clear that there were s...
TL;DR: Irregular attenders were more likely to be very afraid of visiting a dentist than were regular attenders, the effect being strongest among 65+-year-olds and age modified the effect of dental attendance and tooth-brushing on dental fear.
Abstract: Objective. The aim of our study was to evaluate the association between dental fear and oral health habits (tooth-brushing, use of toothpaste, dental floss and toothpicks, smoking and dental attendance), while simultaneously considering the effect of age, gender, and attained level of education. Material and methods. The nationwide two-stage stratified cluster sample (n=8028) was representative of Finnish adults aged 30 years and older. The response rate was 88%. Dental fear was determined by the question: “How afraid are you of visiting a dentist?” Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between dental fear and oral health habits, including age, gender, and attained level of education. Results. Regular smokers were more likely to be very afraid of visiting a dentist than were those who smoked occasionally or not at all. Age modified the effect of dental attendance and tooth-brushing on dental fear. Among 65+-year-olds, those who brushed their teeth less than twice a d...
TL;DR: The use of short fiber fillers in interpenetrating polymer network matrix (IPN) achieved the acceptable depth of cure and microhardness values recommended for clinical use, although lower than for commercial composite resin.
Abstract: Objectives. The aim of this study was to analyze the depth of cure of a short fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) assessed by microhardness at different curing times and storage conditions. Material and methods. Experimental composite resin (FC) was prepared by high-speed mixing 22.5 wt% short E-glass fibers (3 mm in length) and 22.5 wt% resin matrix and gradually adding 55 wt% silane-treated silica filler. Half-split cylindrical test specimens were produced from both the FC and from the conventional particulate composite resin (control, Z250, 3M-ESPE). The test specimens (n=3/group) were polymerized at different exposure times (20, 40, 60 s) and then water-stored at 37°C for 24 h and 30 days before testing. A universal testing machine was used for testing Vickers microhardness. All results were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results. ANOVA revealed that curing time had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the microhardness of both composite resins. Depth of cure of conventional compos...
TL;DR: Evaluated the presence of symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in patients referred to a specialist clinic because of muscular problems 18–20 years earlier and who had received mainly acupuncture and/or interocclusal appliance therapy to find a lasting improvement in symptoms.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence of symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in patients referred to a specialist clinic because of muscular problems 18-20 years earlier and who had receiv ...
TL;DR: There are large variations in oral health and treatment needs among patients fulfilling the DSM-IV criteria for dental phobia, and patients with the best dental health and lowest treatment needs experience the largest increase in positive cognitions during exposure to dental treatment at 1-year follow-up.
Abstract: Objective. To describe oral health and oral treatment needs in a group of dental phobic patients (DSM-IV) and to explore possible relationships between these factors and changes in self-reported dental anxiety before and after phobia treatment. Material and Methods. Forty patients (25 women) fulfilling the DSM-IV criteria for specific phobia were included in the study. Mean age of the group was 34.9 years (range 19–60) and mean dental avoidance was 11.2 years (range 3–30 years). They were treated with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) during either one session (3 h) or five sessions (1 h each). Oral health was evaluated by orthopantomogram and clinical examination. The outcome of the CBT was measured by the change in dental anxiety scores (DAS, DFS) and in positive and negative thoughts during a standardized dental behavior test from pretreatment to 1-year follow-up. Results. Mean (SD) DMFT was 16.5 (5.8), range 3–26; DT was 6.6 (4.2). Mean number of teeth with dental treatment need (restorative, periodo...
TL;DR: To determine the microshear bond strengths of five ‘all-in-one’ adhesives and two 2-step self-etching primer adhesive to dentin with different tubule orientations, human adult molar teeth were sectioned to obtain dentin pieces with tubules orientations perpendicular or parallel/oblique to the bonded surface.
Abstract: Objectives. To determine the microshear bond strengths of five ‘all-in-one’ adhesives and two 2-step self-etching primer adhesives to dentin with different tubule orientations and to compare bond strengths between the adhesives. Material and methods. Human adult molar teeth were sectioned to obtain dentin pieces with tubule orientations perpendicular or parallel/oblique to the bonded surface. Two 2-step self-etching primer adhesives (Clearfil SE Bond (CSE), Optibond Solo Plus SE Bond (Op. SE)) and five all-in-one adhesives (Clearfil S3 Bond (S3), Optibond All-in-One Bond (Op. AIO), G-Bond, Go!, and Xeno IV) were applied to dentin in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions. Resin composite cylinders were bonded to superficial and deep dentin using microtubes (0.75 mm internal diameter and 1.5 mm high). Bonded specimens were stored in water at 37°C for 24 h, then stressed in shear at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min until bond failure. Maximum load at failure (N) was recorded and converted to MPa. Sta...
TL;DR: The FVT program had a better outcome in reducing approximal caries than FMR, and costs were lower, and the ratio benefits to costs were 1.8: 1 for FVT and 0.9:1 for FMR.
Abstract: Objective. From a dental care perspective, we analyze whether the prevention of approximal caries by fluoride varnish treatment (FVT) or by fluoride mouth rinsing (FMR) could contain costs in an extended period of follow-up after the end of school-based prevention programs.Material and methods. It is assumed in a model that, after 3 years of prevention with either FVT or FMR according to published studies, the “natural course” of approximal caries progression would follow for 5 consecutive years, as described in a Swedish longitudinal study. The outcome and costs of FVT, FMR and controls were modelled from years 4 to 8.Results. The FVT program had a better outcome in reducing approximal caries than FMR, and costs were lower. The FVT was expected to result in cost containment compared to controls 3 years after the end of the preventive FVT program. The ratio benefits to costs were 1.8: 1 for FVT and 0.9: 1 for FMR.Conclusions. Prevention of approximal caries by FVT may result in cost containment, at a bene...
TL;DR: For a well-functioning Basic Package of Oral Care, the authority responsible for oral health has to take measures aimed at lowering the price of toothpaste, and toothpaste manufacturers have to ensure that their products have the optimal fluoride concentration for dental caries prevention.
Abstract: Objective. To determine the use of toothpaste, the reasons behind its irregular use, the cost perceptions, and the fluoride concentrations in locally manufactured toothpaste. Material and Methods. A total of 978 dental patients attending 13 dental clinics for 2 weeks in June 2007 completed a pre-tested questionnaire on toothpaste use. Toothpaste was collected from shops in Dar es Salaam and analyzed at the laboratory of the Dental School in Amsterdam. Logistic regression was applied to determine the relative importance of independent variables on usage and perceptions about the cost of toothpaste. Results. Eighty-six percent of respondents used toothpaste daily. Of the 130 who used toothpaste less than once a day, 57.7% gave financial reasons for their irregular use. Toothpaste was perceived as expensive by 34.8% of respondents. Urban residents were five times more likely than rural residents to use toothpaste. Younger respondents were more likely than older respondents: to perceive toothpaste as importan...
TL;DR: The Cariogram model can identify the caries-related factors that could be the reasons for the estimated future caries risk and there is a direct association between the categorized outcomes of the Cariograms and the DiS and Di+mS indices.
Abstract: Objective. The aims of the study were: 1) to evaluate the caries profile in a group of Saudi adults with several dental restorations by assessing various caries-related factors using the Cariogram model, and 2) to correlate the Cariogram data, expressed as “the chance of avoiding caries”, with initial caries lesions (DiS), total initial and manifest caries lesions (Di+mS), and filled surfaces (FS). Material and Methods. 175 individuals in Saudi Arabia, aged between 18 and 56 years, were included. All were interviewed about their oral health, dietary habits, and use of fluoride, and were examined for dental caries, both clinically and radiographically. Salivary and microbiological factors, including the number of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli, buffer capacity, and secretion rate, were obtained using chair-side tests. Results. The number of teeth, total Di+mMFS, Di+mS, and FS were 26.0, 53.8, 19.3, and 22.6, respectively. The mean chance of avoiding caries was 31%±19.7. The individuals were divided a...
TL;DR: The establishment and progression of alveolar bone loss in rats was not influenced by body weight in the present study, and no statistically significant differences were observed (ANOVA+Tukey).
Abstract: Objective. The aim of this study was to compare ligature-induced alveolar bone loss between obese and non-obese rats. Material and methods. Thirty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: a test group comprising 14 rats fed with a “cafeteria diet” for 120 days in order to gain weight and a control group comprising 16 regularly fed rats. Ligatures were placed around the 2nd upper molars, and the contralateral teeth served as intra-group controls. After 30 days, the animals were killed and the maxillae were removed. Sodium hypochlorite was used to prepare the specimens, and the cementum-enamel junction was stained with methylene blue 1%. Morphometric analysis of alveolar bone loss was by standardized digital photographs and the distance between the cementum-enamel junction and the alveolar bone crest was measured using the software Image Tool 3.0. Results. Body weight differed statistically between test and controls (268.6 and 242.4 g, respectively). Test animals demonstrated a mean (SD) al...