Showing papers in "Acta Psychologica in 1985"

TL;DR: In addition to processing information about stimuli in the environment, the cognitive system performs executive functions to control and coordinate the processes that deal with environmental stimuli as mentioned in this paper, such as making choices about alternative strategies for processing environmental stimuli; constructing or instantiating a version of the chosen strategy to enable performance on the task; controlling and coordinating execution of the strategy during real-time performance on task; disabling or disengaging the strategy in response to changes in goals or changes in the task environment that make the current strategy inappropriate.

TL;DR: Results of the two experiments exploited individual variation in timing ability to ask whether the production of time intervals by different motor effectors and the judgement of perceptually based time intervals all share common timing mechanisms suggested that variability of motor timing comes from two sources, one source in common with perception, and hence called clock variability, and the other source incommon with motor speed.

TL;DR: It was found that incentive was able to maintain performance at baseline levels for up to 36 h of deprivation, and although this performance fell, it remained significantly better than that for NI, for a further day only.

TL;DR: The author presents some examples from the area of amodal completion which, according to him, hardly support a ratiomorphic theory, but constitute counterexamples that rather support the hypothesis that seeing and thinking function according to different rules.

TL;DR: The ERP results suggested the existence of three processing stages: (1) orienting to the attended stimuli; (2) controlled search, and (3) target decision.

TL;DR: A neural network model based on state vectors, feedback and Hebbian synaptic modification is suggested which can be made to account for a number of the experimental findings.

TL;DR: The results of five experiments reported are interpreted as supporting the assumptions of the symmetry theory with the provision that local as well as global axes of symmetry are important.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship between time pressure, type of decision process, in terms of its being compensatory and non-compensatory, and post-decisional confidence.

TL;DR: Before such top-down effects of past experience can occur bottom-up processes must first achieve a preliminary perception, which provides the bridge to the relevant stored representations which are accessed on the basis of similarity.

TL;DR: It was concluded that scopolamine acts to modulate selective attention rather than memory consolidation processes, and it is suggested that the cholinergic system may be centrally involved in the control of effortful or intentional processing in memory.

TL;DR: Data from three new experiments show that the feeling of knowing is greater for commission-error items than for omission- error items, but subsequent recognition is equivalent for the two kinds of items, which suggests independent variables which are presumed to have direct effects on the feel of knowing may be having only indirect effects via an influence on the ratio of commission errors to omission errors.

TL;DR: The secondary motor and kinematic tasks finding supports the theory that the two systems are partially independent, and it has, as yet, only been possible to demonstrate a selective distraction for the secondary motor task.

TL;DR: The structure and energy changes of P300 suggest that P3b and pSW do not provide an unambiguous picture of the underlying source structure, and may be related to the complexity of the updating operations.

TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between confidence and response time under an experimenter-controlled (E) and a subject-controlled paradigm is investigated, and it is shown that confidence is determined by the balance of the evidence accumulated in favour of each response alternative.

TL;DR: This article investigated the effect of the proportion effect in semantic priming and found that the effect could best be explained by a post-lexical coherence checking mechanism within the constraints of the present experiment.

TL;DR: In this paper, a taxonomy of performance functions is proposed, and it is concluded that differences between macro- and micro-tradeoffs and distinctions between state and process limitations, can be understood only in terms of a detailed model of how information is processed by the subject.

TL;DR: It is argued that an approach focusing on the structure of the task system and employing well-known methods of systems analysis can overcome this difficulty and this technique can order research and assist in the psychological interpretation of system parameters.

TL;DR: In this paper, a framework for a new model descriptive of retrieval processes in simple addtion was presented including as a subprocess a counter routine with a maximum of two steps, and a number of other subprocesses were suggested and related to the average processing times which they required.

TL;DR: The additivity of S-R compatibility and average velocity suggests that the selected response code is abstract to specific kinematic movement parameters, and it may be inferred that motor preparation is at least a two-stage process: a programming stage which specifies the particular motor control parameters and a motor adjustment stage which modulates the intensity of preparation at a specific moment in time.

TL;DR: A critical parameter with regard to occurrence and amount of inhibition appears to be whether the rule about the S-R relations is violated by the location of the accessory sound.

TL;DR: Performance on the semantic processing test was impaired by intermittent, unpredictable noise, but this noise had no effect on the syntactic reasoning test, suggesting the importance of considering the effects of meaningful noise rather than just examining white noise of different intensities.

TL;DR: Two experiments were performed to test the effect of irrelevant stimulus attributes on retrieval time for a relevant stimulus attribute and the congruence or lack of congruent between the irrelevant attributes of the stimulus and probe.

TL;DR: The authors explored the effects of the use of loci mnemonics by expert people when series of three items (triplets) must be memorized, and found that the mnemonic group performed better both on free recall and recognition, but not on cued recall.

TL;DR: Stroop interference was reduced at a stage during the processing of word meaning as a result of the effect of effort using an inter-subject competition procedure designed to manipulate effort.

TL;DR: In this paper, an act generation experiment was conducted using undergraduates and advanced graduate students, and large performance differences were observed between the two groups in act generation performance and divergent thinking ability.

TL;DR: The results show that the total fixation times between presentation and response were only shorter in the 10° than in the 45° condition when the signal pair consisted of two dot columns, which argues against the generality of Sanders' (1963) stationary field-eye-field distinction.

TL;DR: Together, the results are most consistent with a serial sequence and difficult to reconcile with a parallel notion of perceptual encoding and saccadic shift.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the role of long-term representations in the conduct of skilled movement in the context of acquisition and operation of a typing skill based upon a newly designed two-hand chord typewriter.

TL;DR: In this paper, a general model for choice reaction time (RT) is presented which is based on a theory that describes the operational characteristics of a problem solving subject, and the model is not a stage model neither in the way envisioned by Donders nor in the sense proposed by Sternberg.

TL;DR: It was suggested that gaze duration measures should be considered as indices of aspects of the processing of words during reading rather than as measures of the actual processing time required by those words.