Showing papers in "Administrative Science Quarterly in 2001"
TL;DR: This paper identified three different perspectives on workforce diversity: the integration-and-learning perspective, the access-andlegitimacy perspective, and the discrimination-andfairness perspective.
Abstract: This paper develops theory about the conditions under which cultural diversity enhances or detracts from work group functioning. From qualitative research in three culturally diverse organizations, we identified three different perspectives on workforce diversity: the integration-and-learning perspective, the access-and-legitimacy perspective, and the discrimination-and-fairness perspective. The perspective on diversity a work group held influenced how people expressed and managed tensions related to diversity, whether those who had been traditionally underrepresented in the organization felt respected and valued by their colleagues, and how people interpreted the meaning of their racial identity at work. These, in turn, had implications for how well the work group and its members functioned. All three perspectives on diversity had been successful in motivating managers to diversify their staffs, but only the integration-and-learning perspective provided the rationale and guidance needed to achieve sustai...
1,948 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine two competing arguments about the effects of engaging in multiple roles and integrate them by identifying the type of emotional response to a role, negative or positive, as a critical contrasting assumption held by these two perspectives.
Abstract: This study develops a model of engagement in the multiple roles of work and family. I examine two competing arguments about the effects of engaging in multiple roles, depletion and enrichment, and integrate them by identifying the type of emotional response to a role, negative or positive, as a critical contrasting assumption held by these two perspectives. Moreover, I represent depletion and enrichment as complex multistep processes that include multiple constructs, such as engagement and emotion. This study jointly examines both the depleting and enriching processes that link engagement in one role to engagement in another, using structural equation modeling. Findings from a survey of 790 employees reveal evidence for both depletion and enrichment as well as gender differences. Specifically, depletion existed only for women and only in the work-to-family direction. Men experienced enrichment from work to family, while women experienced enrichment from family to work. Overall, more linkages were found be...
1,714 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of qualitative data suggests that implementation involved four process steps: enrollment, preparation, trials, and reflection, which illuminating the collective learning process among those directly responsible for technology implementation contributes to organizational research on routines and technology adoption.
Abstract: This paper reports on a qualitative field study of 16 hospitals implementing an innovative technology for cardiac surgery. We examine how new routines are developed in organizations in which existing routines are reinforced by the technological and organizational context All hospitals studied had top-tier cardiac surgery departments with excellent reputations and patient outcomes yet exhibited striking differences in the extent to which they were able to implement a new technology that required substantial changes in the operating-room-team work routine. Successful implementers underwent a qualitatively different team learning process than those who were unsuccessful. Analysis of qualitative data suggests that implementation involved four process steps: enrollment, preparation, trials, and reflection. Successful implementers used enrollment to motivate the team, designed preparatory practice sessions and early trials to create psychological safety and encourage new behaviors, and promoted shared meaning a...
1,560 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the implications of specialization in knowledge production for the organization and the boundaries of the field of aircraft engine control systems are explored. But they focus on a single aircraft engine.
Abstract: This paper uses an analysis of developments in aircraft engine control systems to explore the implications of specialization in knowledge production for the organization and the boundaries of the f...
1,409 citations
TL;DR: The role of design in mediating between innovations and established institutional fields as entrepren... as mentioned in this paper considers design as the emergent arrangement of concrete details that embodies a new idea.
Abstract: This paper considers the role of design, as the emergent arrangement of concrete details that embodies a new idea, in mediating between innovations and established institutional fields as entrepren...
1,184 citations
TL;DR: This article examines how different personality types create and benefit from social networks in organizations using data from a 116-member high-technology firm to test how self-monitoring orientation and network position related to work performance.
Abstract: This article examines how different personality types create and benefit from social networks in organizations. Using data from a 116-member high-technology firm, we tested how self-monitoring orie...
1,170 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a theory of interactive learning is proposed for building blocks in a building block block and a heuristic of discovery is used to find the best block for each block.
Abstract: 1. Purpose and Scope PART I: BUILDING-BLOCKS 2. Management and Organization 3. Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Competence 4. Evolution 5. Institutions 6. Knowledge 7. Language PART II: CONSTRUCTION 8. A Theory of Interactive Learning 9. A Heuristic of Discovery 10. An Elaboration with Scripts 11. Integration and Disintegration PART III: APPLICATION 12. Innovation Systems 13. Organizational Learning 14. Conclusions and Further Research 15. Summary
1,140 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an inductive study of improvisation in new product development activities in two firms uncovered a variety of improvisational forms and the factors that shaped them, embedded in the observations they made.
Abstract: An inductive study of improvisation in new product development activities in two firms uncovered a variety of improvisational forms and the factors that shaped them. Embedded in the observations we...
941 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine firms' decoupling of informal practices from formally adopted policies through analysis of the implementation of stock repurchase programs by large U.S. corporations in the late 1990s.
Abstract: This study examines firms' decoupling of informal practices from formally adopted policies through analysis of the implementation of stock repurchase programs by large U.S. corporations in the late...
696 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of a sample of 2,705 international plant location decisions by listed Japanese multinational corporations across a possible set of 155 countries in the 1990-1996 period was conducted.
Abstract: In a study of a sample of 2,705 international plant location decisions by listed Japanese multinational corporations across a possible set of 155 countries in the 1990-1996 period, we use neoinstit...
665 citations
TL;DR: Business Strategies An Overview Economies in Transition Institutions, Organizations and Strategic Choices Strategies of State-Owned Enterprises Strategies of Privatized and Reformed Firms Strategies of Entrepreneurial Start-Ups Strategies of Foreign Companies Retrospect and Road Ahead
Abstract: Business Strategies An Overview Economies in Transition Institutions, Organizations and Strategic Choices Strategies of State-Owned Enterprises Strategies of Privatized and Reformed Firms Strategies of Entrepreneurial Start-Ups Strategies of Foreign Companies Retrospect and Road Ahead
TL;DR: This paper examined how variation arises in the staffing of recycling programs at colleges and universities and identified two basic recycling program forms through initial fieldwork, and found that some colleges use different forms of recycling.
Abstract: In this paper, I examine how variation arises in the staffing of recycling programs at colleges and universities. Through initial fieldwork, I identified two basic recycling program forms. Some sch...
TL;DR: In this paper, the dynamics of social influence in the choices of securities analysts to initiate and abandon coverage of firms listed on the NASDAQ national market are examined. And they show that social proof is not sufficient to explain the behavior of analysts.
Abstract: This paper examines the dynamics of social influence in the choices of securities analysts to initiate and abandon coverage of firms listed on the NASDAQ national market. We show that social proof—...
TL;DR: The authors investigated how experiences in a particular boundary-spanning context (community outreach) affected members' organizational identity and identification and found that the experiences in this context affected participants' organizational identities and identification.
Abstract: This research investigated how experiences in a particular boundary-spanning context (community outreach) affected members' organizational identity and identification. Multimethod panel data from 2...
TL;DR: This paper examined the role of downsizing in the deinstitutionalization of permanent employment among publicly listed companies in Japan between 1990 and 1997, and found that although economic pressure triggered downsizing, social and institutional pressures shaped the pace and process by which downsizing spread.
Abstract: This study examines the role of downsizing in the deinstitutionalization of permanent employment among publicly listed companies in Japan between 1990 and 1997. We found that although economic pressure triggered downsizing, social and institutional pressures shaped the pace and process by which downsizing spread. Large, old, wholly domestically owned, and high-reputation Japanese firms were resistant to downsizing at first, as were firms with high levels of human capital, as reflected by high wages, but these social and institutional pressures diminished as downsizing spread across the population. We argue that this breakdown of social constraints was due to a safety-in-numbers effect: as downsizing became more prominent, the actions of any single firm were less likely to be noticed and criticized, and the effect of the institutional factors that once constrained downsizing diminished.
TL;DR: In this paper, the relatively recent explosion of information available in electronic forms makes attention, rather than information, the scarce resource in organizations, and the authors theorize about how attention is used in organizations.
Abstract: The relatively recent explosion of information available in electronic forms makes attention, rather than information, the scarce resource in organizations. In this paper, we theorize about how sup...
TL;DR: In this article, a class theory of corporate acquisitions is elaborated on and tested, maintaining that firms pursue acquisitions in this periods when they were commended by well-networked challenges who were central in elite social networks but relatively marginal with respect to social status, isolated from the resistance of established elites, and free from control of owning families.
Abstract: This paper analyzes data on 461 large US industrial corporations to determine that factors that led large firms to participate in the wave of diversifying acquisitions that peaked in the late 1960s. A class theory of corporate acquisitions is elaborated on and tested, maintaining that firms pursue acquisitions in this periods when they were commended by well-networked challenges who were central in elite social networks but relatively marginal with respect to social status, isolated from the resistance of established elites, and free from control of owning families. Also considered is a wide range of factors highlighted by alternative accounts of acquisition likelihood, including resource dependent, institutional pressures, and principle-agent conflicts. The results provide support for the moan theoretical arguments, even when controls related to alternative explanations are taken into account.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine how interaction between mid-level managers in technical committees facilitates subsequent alliance formation in a longitudinal study of 87 cellular service providers and equipment manufacturers and find that the effect of joint technical committee participation on alliance formation decreases as firms have more prior alliances.
Abstract: We examine how interaction between mid-level managers in technical committees facilitates subsequent alliance formation in a longitudinal study of 87 cellular service providers and equipment manufacturers. Joint participation by firms in technical committees helps them identify potential alliance partners and particular opportunities for technical collaboration. This effect is magnified by sustained participation by individuals on behalf of their firms, demonstrating that interfirm relationships are enhanced by the interpersonal bonds that are forged in technical committees. In contrast, we find that the effect of joint technical committee participation on alliance formation decreases as firms have more prior alliances, suggesting that technical committees provide a more critical avenue for knowledge exchange when firms do not have the luxury of exchanging information through contractual linkages. Taken together, these findings suggest one venue where managerial action can transform existing social struct...
TL;DR: This paper developed a conceptual framework to explain different understandings of the concept of teamwork across national and organizational cultures Five different metaphors for teamwork (military, sports, community, family, and associates) were derived from the language team members used during interviews in four different geographic locations of six multinational corporations.
Abstract: This paper develops a conceptual framework to explain different understandings of the concept of teamwork across national and organizational cultures Five different metaphors for teamwork (military, sports, community, family, and associates) were derived from the language team members used during interviews in four different geographic locations of six multinational corporations Results indicated that use of the teamwork metaphors varies across countries and organizations, after controlling for gender, team function, and total words in an interview Analyses of specific relationships between national cultural values and categories of metaphor use and between dimensions of organizational culture and categories of metaphor use revealed patterns of expectations about team roles, scope, membership, and objectives that arise in different cultural contexts We discuss the implications of this variance for future research on teams and the management of teams in multinational organizations
TL;DR: The authors examined whether board interlock ties facilitate second-order imitation, in which firms imitate an underlying decision process that can be adapted to multiple policy domains, rather than just one policy domain.
Abstract: This study examines whether board interlock ties facilitate second-order imitation, in which firms imitate an underlying decision process that can be adapted to multiple policy domains, rather than...
TL;DR: The authors analyzed two sets of U.S. presidents' speeches to determine whether their propensities to convey images in words were linked to perceptions of their charisma and greatness, and found that presidents who engaged in more image-based rhetoric in their inaugural addresses were rated higher in charisma.
Abstract: We analyzed two sets of U.S. presidents' speeches to determine whether their propensities to convey images in words were linked to perceptions of their charisma and greatness. As predicted, presidents who engaged in more image-based rhetoric in their inaugural addresses were rated higher in charisma (Study 1). Presidents who engaged in more image-based rhetoric in speeches that historians considered their most significant ones were rated higher in both charisma and greatness (Study 2). Together, these findings suggest that the successful articulation and enactment of a leader's vision may rest on his or her ability to paint followers a verbal picture of what can be accomplished with their help.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined how personal attachments between boundary spanners within cross-cultural international cooperative ventures (ICV) are established and their association with venture performance and found that attachment may stimulate an ICV's process performance and increase financial returns.
Abstract: This study examines how personal attachments between boundary spanners within cross-cultural international cooperative ventures (ICV) are established and their association with venture performance. Results of analysis of 282 ICVs in an emerging market, the People's Republic of China, show that the development depends on factors at three levels. At the individual level, attachment is an increasing function of overlap in tenure between boundary spanners. At the organizational level, attachment is heightened by goal congruity between the parent firms but is impeded by cultural distance. At the environmental level, market disturbance and regulatory deterrence lead to strong attachments. Such attachments may stimulate an ICV's process performance and increase financial returns.
TL;DR: The authors analyzes how a new field, independent (or non-utility) power production, was created by a federal mandate that electric utilities purchase power from private generating sources and how t...
Abstract: This paper analyzes how a new field, independent (or non-utility) power production, was created by a federal mandate that electric utilities purchase power from private generating sources and how t...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors extend social categorization theory to understand how personality traits related to information sharing may correspond with positive perceptions of demographically different people, and they find that personality traits associated with information sharing correlate positively with positive perception of different people.
Abstract: This paper extends social categorization theory to understand how personality traits related to information sharing may correspond with positive perceptions of demographically different people, the...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present research that relates decision making to creativity with a focus on the social context in which these processes occur, and address basic and general issues with regard to the social and creative dimensions of decision making.
Abstract: This volume presents research that relates decision making to creativity with a focus on the social context in which these processes occur. Social and creative aspects have, to some extent, been neglected in previous behavioral decision research. The chapters complement research that have been presented under different headings such as ’naturalistic decision making’, ’distributed decision making’, and ’applied creativity’. Most of the authors are from psychology, others come from management science, health science, education, policy and planning, and informatics. Several of the chapters address basic and general issues with regard to the social and creative dimensions of decision making. Other chapters deal with personal decision making and different aspects of decision making in organizations. (Less)