Showing papers in "Adolescent medicine (Philadelphia) in 1992"

Medical Complications of Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa.

Abstract: Medical complications of anorexia and bulimia nervosa may include metabolic, renal, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, endocrinologic, neurologic, hematologic, immunologic, dental, and/or dermatologic effects. Patient evaluation and differential diagnosis must keep all of these possibilities in mind if the adolescent with an eating disorder is to be successfully treated.

Delaying the Start of Intercourse Among Adolescents.

Abstract: A high proportion of today's parents do not know how to help their school-age children avoid early sexual involvement. Interventions to delay the start of sexual intercourse are explored, and the goals and results of several abstinence intervention programs are described.

Adolescent Violence: Can It Be Curbed?

Abstract: The dramatic increase in the amount of violence in the United States, particularly among minority youth and young adults, has produced a flurry of activity in the area of violence prevention. The dynamics of youth violence, the relationship of violence to poverty, approaches to violence reduction, and violence prevention programs are discussed. Language: en

Sexuality Education for Adolescents.

Abstract: There is ample evidence that sexuality education programs increase adolescents' knowledge, and the better programs show significant positive effects on adolescent sexual behavior. The goals of such education should not be limited to preventing pregnancy and disease, but should teach young people how to identify, evaluate, communicate, and, if necessary, modify their own thoughts, feelings and actions.

Amenorrhrea in Anorexia Nervosa: Etiology and Implications.

Abstract: Amenorrhea is one of the necessary criteria for diagnosis of anorexia nervosa in female adolescents, but its exact pathophysiology remains controversial. Involvement of hyperthalamic dysfunction may be due to malnutrition or to an underlying neurotransmitter abnormality. The association of anorexia nervosa with both osteopenia and hypoestrogenemia gives clinical and therapeutic significance to an understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. The authors base recommendations for intervention on the current state of knowledge.

Determinants of Adolescent Initiation of Coitus.

Abstract: This article reviews selected studies that document social and biological correlates of adolescent sexual behavior and describes the ongoing search for biosocial determinants of initiation of coitus in adolescents.

Nutrition Management in Adolescents with Eating Disorders.

Abstract: Nutritional education and rehabilitation of the adolescent with an eating disorder is based on dietary history and analysis of eating behavior as well as laboratory tests and metabolic and anthropometric assessments. Treatment as well as diagnosis must take into account the distinctions between anorexia and bulimia nervosa.

Legal Issues in Adolescent Sexual Health.

Abstract: Legal issues involving adolescent sexuality must be understood in the context of the general right of minors to health care of any sort. In keeping with the trend toward greater adolescent autonomy in all areas of their lives, adolescents have more rights to make health care decisions than they did a generation ago.

Sexual Behavior and Related Health Care for Adolescents with Chronic Medical Illness.

Abstract: The authors review physical and psychosocial development in adolescents with chronic medical illness and the available data with regard to their sexual behavior. The relationship of various chronic diseases and their therapies to health-related outcomes of sexual behavior and the management of sexuality in adolescents with chronic illness are discussed.

Treatment and Outcome of Adolescents with Anorrexia Nervosa.

Abstract: Primary care providers need to be aware of the therapeutic partnership required for successful treatment of adolescents with anorexia nervosa. This partnership, based on a biopsychological model, addresses multiple aspects of the disorder rather than isolated goals, such as weight gain. Early, established, and severe anorexia are discussed, as well as options for outpatient care and hospitalization and possible outcome.

Special Health Needs of Homosexual Youth.

Abstract: The authors provide a developmental framework for understanding the psychosocial and medical problems that threaten the health of homosexual adolescents. Their special health needs are described and the role of health professionals in reaching and caring for them is outlined.

Managing Adolescents and Their Parents: Avoiding Pitfalls and Traps.

Abstract: The author proposes an effective set of physician-adolescent-parent interactions-or transactions-that flexibly integrates the patient's current level of cognitive and psychosocial development with two significant variables: the nature of the condition involved and the status of adolescent-parent communication.

Reducing the Adverse Consequences of Adolescent Pregnancy and Parenting: The Role of Service Programs.

Abstract: The optimal way to reduce the adverse consequences of adolescent childbearing and child rearing is to prevent conception or birth. However, no country has been able to prevent all such births, and it is likely that the U.S. will continue to experience high rates of teenage childbearing. Services such as those described herein must be provided to reduce the hazard to the mother and child, encourage adequate parenting by both parents, and reduce the burdens on welfare and other social services caused by adolescent parenting.

Obesity in the Adolescent.

Abstract: Obesity in childhood and adolescence represents a significant health problem. Factors involved may include social environment, genetic effects, and individual physiology. Effects on growth and pathophysiologic consequences such as hypertension and abnormal glucose tolerance must be addressed in diagnosis and treatment.

Sexually Related Health Care for Developmentally Disabled Adolescents.

Abstract: The authors elucidate the role of parents, educators, and health care providers in assisting adolescents with physical disabilities and/or mental retardation in understanding their sexuality and related issues such as contraception, gynecologic care, and sterilization.

The Vegetarian Adolescent.

Abstract: Ecologic and philosophic as well as health concerns have led to an increasing number of adolescent vegetarians. The various types of vegetarianism differ substantially in dietary composition. Benefits of the vegetarian diet must be balanced by careful attention to ensuring adequate intake of protein and amino acids as well as certain vitamins and minerals that tend to be less available in plant foods.

Stress and the Modern Adolescent.

Abstract: The purposes of this chapter are to increase physicians' awareness of the effect of stress on adolescents, to assist physicians in recognizing the manifestations of stress, to review issues important in assessing stress and its effects, and to assist professionals in devising management strategies to help alleviate the effects of stress on their adolescent patients.

Adolescent Suicide: Assessment of Risk, Prevention, and Treatment.

Abstract: The enormity of the problem of adolescent suicide-attempts and completions-mandates that each attempt be evaluated with the context of the adolescent's social, psychological, and biological history. The assessment of risk, including the mental status exam, and prevention and treatment are covered. Language: en

School- and Community-Based Pregnancy Prevention Programs.

Abstract: The author reviews what works and what does not work in pregnancy prevention programs in schools and community agencies. Various prevention strategies, such as condom distribution in schools, are assessed, and a number of specific programs with excellent potential for success are described.

Inappropriate Sexual Behaviors: One Gynecologist's Viewpoint.

Abstract: Sexual abuse, rape, date rape, prostitution, and pornography are discussed in terms of epidemiology, cultural and research issues, social and legal responses, physical and psychological consequences, treatment considerations, and prevention.

Depressive Mood Disorders in Adolescents.

Abstract: The authors discuss the two major classifications of mood disorders in detail and make specific recommendations for diagnosis, medical evaluation, differentiation from other disorders, and psychopharmacologic treatment of adolescent mood disorders.

The Role of Barrier Contraceptives in Prevention of Pregnancy and Disease in Adolescents.

Abstract: The advent of HIV infection and a greater understanding of the effects of other viral sexually transmitted diseases have brought condoms back to the forefront in discussions of contraception in both the general press and the medical literature. Development of several newer barrier methods and improved understanding of use of the older methods by adolescents have occurred during the past few years.

Psychosomatic Problems in Adolescents.

Abstract: Many adolescents see physicians for diagnosis and treatment of symptoms that are found to have little or no organic basis. Definition, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of psychosomatic symptoms are presented, with special attention to recurrent abdominal pain, which is one of the most common somatoform syndromes.

Current Perspectives on Adolescent Conduct Disorder

Abstract: Conduct disorder is a common biopsychosocial problem in children and adolescents. It is important for clinicians to recognize this condition in their patients so that timely evaluation and treatment strategies can be initiated.

Adolescent Abortion: Correlates and Consequences.

Abstract: This chapter is organized into five sections that discuss the characteristics of adolescent aborters, the decision-making process, preabortion counseling, medical management, and postabortion adjustment. The purpose of the chapter is to help clinicians differentiate aborters from childbearers, to become informed participants in adolescents' pregnancy-resolution decision making, to manage medical aspects of the procedure, and to prepare patients for a healthy adjustment afterward.

What Pediatricians Should Know About Adolescent Psychiatry.

Abstract: The authors review the most common psychiatric disorders in adolescents in order to familiarize pediatricians with techniques for recognizing, treating, and, when necessary, referring adolescents with a psychiatric disorder.

Cultural Aspects of Nutrition in Adolescents.

Abstract: By the year 2010, as many as 38% of American adolescents may belong to ethnic minorities. Nutritional education and counseling programs must take into account the diverse cultural patterns of Asian, Pacific Islander, Black, and Hispanic populations, all of whom may be divided into subgroups with varying dietary habits.

Access to Psychosocial Care for Adolescents.

Abstract: This discussion addresses obstacles to adolescents' receiving care for psychosocial problems, such as behavioral issues by both adolescent and physician, inadequate insurance coverage, and confidentiality issues. Approaches designed to improve access to care are described.

Nutrition for the Pregnant Adolescent.

Abstract: In the U.S., 1 out of 10 women between the ages of 15 and 19 becomes pregnant. Maternal as well as infant health demands careful attention to adequate nutrition during pregnancy. But counseling programs must take into account both psychological and socioeconomic factors if optimal weight gain and other crucial factors are to be successfully managed in this growing population.

Involving Adolescent Males in Pregnancy and STD Prevention Programs.

Abstract: The principal barriers responsible for lack of male involvement in sexuality programs and in STD and pregnancy prevention programs are discussed and strategies are offered to help attract and keep males in sexual and reproductive health programs.