Showing papers in "Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews in 1994"

TL;DR: Stealth liposomes have decreased uptake into the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), increased circulation half-lives, increased stability to contents leakage, and dose-independent pharmacokinetics.

TL;DR: The efficient cellular mechanism for uptake of transferrin has been subverted for the delivery of low-molecular-weight drugs, protein toxins, and liposomes by linkage of these agents to transferrin or to anti-transferrin receptor antibodies.

TL;DR: Factors influencing the disposition of drugs and delivery systems in the oral cavity as well as pertinent biological barriers are examined and the theoretical and practical basis of bioadhesives in oral mucosal drug delivery systems are provided.

TL;DR: The advantages of systemically delivering drugs via the oral mucosa are highlighted and the membrane, drug, dosage form and environmental issues which limit its use as a site for systemic drug delivery are discussed.

TL;DR: The main properties of neoglycoproteins and glycosylated polymers have been developed to study the properties of endogenous lectins and to carry various drugs and their efficiency in targeting genes in comparison with that of other available targeted transfection methods is discussed.

TL;DR: Know-how derived from the development and manufacture of already existing medicated and non-medicated chewing gum, supplemented with today's knowledge of the principles of pharmaceutical formulation, constitute the basis for the development of the medicinal chewing gum of tomorrow.

TL;DR: To improve this method of drug administration the aims and optimal duration of treatment need to be further clarified so that development of delivery system can occur through modification of the device's release and degradation characteristics.

TL;DR: Whether newer drugs, with a wide spectrum of activity and minimal toxicity, should be used routinely for oral candidoses merits consideration as emergence of resistant organisms to the triazoles have been now been reported.

TL;DR: Methods to enhance and prolong foreign gene expression such as the use of the lysosomotropic agent chloroquine, endosomal disruption by adenovirus and influenza virus hemagglutinin HA-2 subunit, and partial hepatectomy, which has been found to augment foreign geneexpression, are covered.

TL;DR: In this review the types of recognition site on the surface of mammalian cells are considered with regard to both their chemical composition and the physical constraints which might effect their recognition by drug carriers with site-directing groups.

TL;DR: Soluble polymers, including synthetic polymers and dextrans, show considerable physicochemical versatility that is vital in the development of useful drug targeting systems, and precise control over biodistribution kinetics, rates of plasma clearance, elimination and extravasation can help to optimise overall therapeutic index and biocompatibility.

TL;DR: Polymeric carbohydrates have been used in the development of polyvalent drugs, those that bind to a target site through multiple interactions, and in the delivery of xenobiotics through neoglycoprotein conjugates.

TL;DR: The conceptual and technical approaches to the design and formulation of oral mucosal drug delivery systems are reviewed, and the major problems encountered in the design of efficient oral mucosa drug delivery system are highlighted.

TL;DR: The presence of various lectins on T-lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages as well as immunological receptors and adhesion molecules is described and it is obvious that such preparations should have major advantages compared with the untargeted material to compensate for the intrinsic drawback of parenteral administration.

TL;DR: The majority of the experiments reported in this article were performed employing a conjugate of L-SA with ara-AMP, a drug active against hepatitis B virus (HBV), which was shown to inhibit HBV growth at a dose 3–6 times lower than that of the free drug.

TL;DR: Inclusion of metabolic and toxicological concerns in the drug design process is embodied in the retrometabolic approach, which employs several schemas to provide for the safe targeting of drugs to defined sites or tissues in the body.

TL;DR: This review discusses the significance such regional variations may have with respect to the aetiology of oral disease, the placement of delivery systems for optimisation of delivery and in the design and formulation of oral mucosal drug delivery systems used for local delivery of bioactive materials to the oral cavity.

TL;DR: Despite encouraging results for metronidazole and tetracycline, more data are required demonstrating lasting adjunctive benefits of local antibacterials to conventional mechanical treatments and many prescribed uses are somewhat empirical and more controlled studies are required.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the kidneys are the main site of uptake of drug-conjugated LMWPs and that the drugs are renally uncoupled and finally excreted in the urine.

TL;DR: This review considers the various means of delivering DA to the brain, with a particular focus on the use of a redox-based delivery system for the brain-targeted delivery and localized release of this important neurotransmitter in brain.

TL;DR: A dihydronicotinate-nicotinate redox targetor designed along these lines was found to be successful in maintaining high central levels of estradiol while peripheral levels were rapidly eliminated in human clinical trials.

TL;DR: This review narrates efforts to improve the aqueous solubility of carbamazepine and phenytoin, and delivery into the CNS of nipecotic acid, valproic acid, GABA, and phenYtoin utilizing pro-drugs and CDS.

TL;DR: Delivery of solutions based on an aqueous solution containing carboxymethylcellulose or animal mucin remains a major factor in the successful clinical management of severe salivary gland dysfunction.

TL;DR: The data demonstrate that therapy of drug-resistant tumor cells in humans can be accomplished by the systemic activation of macrophages with phospholipid liposomes containing the synthetic macrophage-activating agent lipophilic MTP-PE.

TL;DR: Current methods of glycosphingolipid and neoglycolipid synthesis with special reference to the choice of anomeric blocking groups and sphingosine synthons are discussed, as well as ways to create glycosidic bonds with sialic acid.

TL;DR: Comparative molecular field analysis is reviewed, a promising new statistical and graphic three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) technique, and its potential in the drug discovery and design process are reviewed.

TL;DR: Combined developments in drug delivery technologies and means to quantitate CNS drug transport should lead to improved treatment modalities and the application of brain microdialysis to quantitating brain disposition will facilitate assessment of BBB transport.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated how a successful design of a soft corticosteroid was obtained and the permeability of the soft steroids through skin or mucous membrane is similar to or better than the permeable of comparable hard steroids.

TL;DR: A critical focus of the discussion will include not only optimal structure/transport properties of lead molecules, but also the potential metabolic transformations of target tissues, thus enabling the realization of significant improvements in efficacy and minimization of side-effect profiles.

TL;DR: Two chemical approaches are summarized—site-specific chemical delivery systems and soft drugs—to design effective, selective, and safe novel agents to the eye for the treatment of glaucoma.