Showing papers in "Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews in 1996"

TL;DR: It is concluded that Caco-2 monolayers can be used to identify drugs with potential absorption problems, and possibly also to select drugs with optimal passive absorption characteristics from series of pharmacologically active molecules generated in drug discovery programs.

TL;DR: Mechanistically, polymeric micelles may act as drug carriers by circumventing host defenses, circulating for prolonged periods and extravasating from the vascular system, preferentially delivering drug to solid tumors.

TL;DR: Although the pulmonary epithelia seem to be naturally permeable to a variety of peptides and proteins, the mechanisms of absorption are poorly understood and an emerging hypothesis is that for small peptides paracellular transport may dominate, while for larger proteins transcytosis may be more important.

TL;DR: Prodrug strategies coupling drug solubilization with membrane carrier targeting and the use of collapsible and bifunctional prodrugs are outlined, and studies utilizing model compounds to test the strategy are illustrated.

TL;DR: The applications of these materials in drug delivery are likely to depend on the formulation of suitable blends with other biocompatible polymers, and there is considerable potential for design and bioengineering of other PHAs for applications indrug delivery.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the dynamic models, which predict both the fraction of dose absorbed and the rate of drug absorption and can be related to pharmacokinetic models to evaluate plasma concentration profiles.

TL;DR: For example, the authors showed that inhibition of intestinal P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated intestinal metabolism can significantly improve the oral bioavailability of a wide range of drugs.

TL;DR: In this paper, DNA complexation with cationic polymers was used to coat DNA and then DNA recombination was performed to improve gene expression and to improve specific DNA sequences.

TL;DR: To aid in the development of electrical protocols which safely increase transport across skin, this review discusses the effects of electrical current on: skin electrical properties; sensation, pain, and muscle stimulation; and safety considerations.

TL;DR: Only the most modern self-optimizing aggregates with the ultraflexible membranes (transfersomes) are able to deliver drugs reproducibly either into or through the skin, depending on the choice of administration or application, with a very high efficacy.

TL;DR: It is clear that scientists are now only beginning to comprehend the complexity of transdermal drug delivery, and the role of penetration enhancer inclusion in topical formulations will undoubtedly, in the future, permit the delivery of broader classes of drugs through the stratum corneum.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the factors influencing the stability of phospholipid-stabilized emulsions, and the effects of drug incorporation on the stability profile.

TL;DR: This article will focus on ON therapy with an emphasis on issues related to ON drug delivery, stability, and targeting, and shall examine recent findings, relative advantages and disadvantages of various ON delivery methods, as well as the common pitfalls peculiar to each strategy.

TL;DR: This review of the literature on the use of prodrugs to overcome the drug delivery obstacles associated with phosphate, phosphonate and phosphinate functional group-containing drugs hopes to stimulate further innovative prodrug research into overcoming the barriers to the delivery of these important drugs.

TL;DR: The biocompatibility and immunocompatible of polymeric materials is of fundamental importance for their possible therapeutic uses and depends both on the physico-chemical characteristics of the medical material and on the hereditary and acquired ability of the recipient to react.

TL;DR: The various human hepatocyte culture systems used in this and other laboratories are described, and how the use of these cultures, in combination with the other in vitro systems including human liver microsomes, may help to answer questions concerning several drugs including diazepam, ketotifen, zolpidem, omeprazole, lansoprazole and cyclosporin A.

TL;DR: The application of the Caco-2 human epithelial cell line for use as a tissue culture model for permeability measurements that can be used to predict oral absorption effectively demonstrates this strategy.

TL;DR: Treatment of more advanced solid tumours with targeted liposomes presents a challenge to overcome the ‘binding site barrier’ at the tumour surface.

TL;DR: Several prodrug strategies have been developed that enable selective delivery of the cytotoxic agents to the tumor tissue, thereby significantly reducing the toxic side effects of the anticancer agents.

TL;DR: In this article, specific mechanisms functioning at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for the permeation of drugs and natural compounds in the bloodto-brain and brain-to-blood directions are described.

TL;DR: Examples of lipophilic prodrugs designed to avoid pre-systemic clearance, reduce gastrointestinal intolerance, and for targeting various disease states resident within the intestinal lymphatics are presented.

TL;DR: Some general principles related to the design of polymeric drug carriers are discussed and an overview of the effect of the type of spacer on the rate of drug release and the correlated in vitro and in vivo results will be outlined.

TL;DR: The conclusion is made that liposomes may be useful vehicles for topical drug delivery in the context of varying skin diseases.

TL;DR: It is important to establish that transport proteins expressed by these cells are biochemically and/or functionally similar to the native transporter found in the small intestine, to establish the utility of the Caco-2 cell model for studying intestinal carriers.

TL;DR: This review will describe general aspects of follicular delivery, with a particular focus on studies which have demonstrated targeted follicular Delivery via liposomes.

TL;DR: Biological properties of the intestinal epithelium are discussed and biological and practical consideration in the application of tumor cell lines, short-term primary cultures, stem-like cell cultures, and oncogene immortalized cells are addressed as approaches to establishing models for the intestines.

TL;DR: Knowing of the molecular events underlying formation and function of the permeability barrier can both improve the understanding of the normal protective role of the barrier and could be useful in design of transdermal drug delivery systems.

TL;DR: A review of recent examples of prodrugs intended to improve oral delivery through enhanced passive transcellular absorption and the underlying biophysics of Passive transcellur transport is discussed as a framework for prodrug design.