Showing papers in "Advanced Energy Conversion in 1963"

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of series resistance on the photovoltaic output and the p-n junction characteristics of solar energy converter cells is investigated. But, as shown in Figure 1, this method requires two translations of the coordinate system and requires only the knowledge of the series resistance and the difference in light intensity or short circuit currents.

TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the theoretical maximum value of ZT at room temperature for n-type material is about 0·65 (Z = 2·2 × 10−3/°K), as determined from the characteristic curve of κ/σT versus Seebeck coefficient based on the above model.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the difference in heat flux rejected from the diode collector in the presence and absence of cesium vapor in a thermionic diode by measuring under open circuit conditions.

TL;DR: In this article, the electrical resistivity of a partially ionized cesium plasma has been measured by direct current methods at temperatures ranging from 1100°K to 1900°K.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a simple, sensitive automatic circuit for stabilizing the 25-100 kW power of the graphite resistance heater of a graphite-resistant heater.

TL;DR: In this paper, the classification of a porous electrode into four regions, each of which contributes to the transport of material, and thus to the polarization, in a different manner is discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that an infinite stage Nernst-Ettingshausen refrigerator can be constructed by proper shaping of the material and that cooling from ice water to dry ice temperatures can be achieved with a Nernstein refrigerator using pure bismuth for the material.

TL;DR: In this article, ein statistisches Modell der Gas-Diffusionselektrode vorgeschlagen, and folgende Eigenschaften werden daran untersucht.

TL;DR: In this article, the electron density, η e, the electrical conductivity, σ, and the corresponding internal electric field, e e (all as functions of the electron temperature, E e ) in a seeded partially-ionized noble gas in the non-equilibrium state were derived.

TL;DR: In this paper, measurements of electron emission from ZrC, both under high vacuum conditions and in an atmosphere of caesium vapour, are presented, and the following emission constants are determined: A = 3·03 · 104 A/cm2 °K2 and φ = 4·48 eV Caesium was found to increase this emission by a factor of 104 at low emitter temperatures.

TL;DR: In this paper, the design and construction of a small-sized vacuum thermionic converter that can generate a watt or more of electrical power are described briefly, and the converter is operated by applying heat to the external surface of one electrode.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of power dissipation arising from injected carriers, which gives a current component in direction opposite to that of the load current, may substantially reduce the conversion efficiency.

TL;DR: In this article, an experimental generator of this type is described, which comprises a thoriated tungsten emitter, a barium on nickel collector giving a work function of about 2 V, and an electron gun.

TL;DR: In this article, a study of the rate of attack by cesium vapor on a number of ceramic, metallic and metal-ceramic seal materials considered for possible use in the construction of thermionic converters is presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, the interdiffusion between a given uranium-bearing material and each of the four refractory metals was studied in combination with tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum and niobium over the temperature range 1200°-2000°C.

TL;DR: In this paper, a method for space charge compensation in noble gases and the performance of a special thermionic converter with operating temperatures not exceeding 1300°K were discussed, where positive ions of noble gases for electron charge compensation were produced in an auxiliary discharge.

TL;DR: In this paper, the spectral lines of the sharp, diffuse, and fundamental series lines of cesium were measured at known ion densities with a scanning monochromator and the results were presented for a range of plasma density from 3·2 × 1013 to 1·6 × 1015 ions-cm−3.

TL;DR: In this article, the work function of Cs-CsF-Mo surface is shown to be 1.38 plus or minus 0.05 ev in the Langmuir S-curve for a cesium pressure of 10/sup -2/mm Hg.

TL;DR: In this article, it is recommended that thermoelectric materials be selected for operation in the vicinity of their melting points and that, through solid solution alloying accompanied by disordered mass scattering on a sub-lattice, their energy gap be adjusted to about 4 k T at this temperature.

TL;DR: In this article, the generation of a plasma by fission fragment ionization in noble gas thermionic converters was investigated in a series of inpile experiments at the University of Michigan reactor.

TL;DR: In this article, the thermodynamic and transport properties of partially ionized cesium vapor, or plasma, are determined from theory (supplemented by available experimental results), which is essential in predicting efficiencies of the Cesium plasma diode converter.

TL;DR: In this paper, general expressions for various galvano-thermomagnetic transport coefficients of a solid in which carriers in r (≥ 2) partially occupied bands participate in the transport processes are derived.

TL;DR: A pulsed-molecular-beam mass spectrometer has been developed in this article, which offers a new approach in the investigations of the kinetics of gas/solid interactions and in research on molecular beams.

TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the lower work function obtainable with cesium hydride may be useful for providing a low work function collecting surface in a thermionic converter.

TL;DR: In this paper, a theory of auxiliary discharge thermionic energy converters is presented, which permits the prediction of a converter's I-V characteristics as functions of the auxiliary discharge current, auxiliary discharge voltage and geometry.

TL;DR: In this paper, the collision frequency for momentum transfer of low energy electrons with cesium atoms has been determined from measurements of the microwave cyclotron resonance absorption and radiation spectra of a Cesium plasma in a d.c. magnetic field.

TL;DR: In this article, the extension of a line from the corner E1 perpendicular to the base of the triangle formed by the line E2 and E3 serves to locate the position of a fine-wire ion collector.

TL;DR: In this paper, the gray-body procedure for computing the net radiant heat exchange can yield results considerably different from those obtained by the more exact method of summing the monochromatic heat flux over several hundred increments of wavelength.

TL;DR: In this article, the optimal shape of an operating gas diffusion electrode is calculated by a variation problem and the relationship between the four quantities (current I, polarization η, reaction gas content x1, stream of the waste gas dotM2), which mark the state of the electrode, are given in the diagrams.

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the ion space charge in the cathode sheath is in fact very nearly as required by Langmuir's theory, but it is produced by ions which are reflected about 50 times at the emitter before they are absorbed.