Showing papers in "Advanced Energy Materials in 2015"

Intrinsic Thermal Instability of Methylammonium Lead Trihalide Perovskite

Abstract: Organolead halide perovskites currently are the new front-runners as light absorbers in hybrid solar cells, as they combine efficiencies passing already 20% with deposition temperatures below 100 °C and cheap solution-based fabrication routes. Long-term stability remains a major obstacle for application on an industrial scale. Here, it is demonstrated that significant decomposition effects already occur during annealing of a methylammonium lead triiode perovskite at 85 °C even in inert atmosphere thus violating international standards. The observed behavior supports the view of currently used perovskite materials as soft matter systems with low formation energies, thus representing a major bottleneck for their application, especially in countries with high average temperatures. This result can trigger a broader search for new perovskite families with improved thermal stability.

Formamidinium and Cesium Hybridization for Photo- and Moisture-Stable Perovskite Solar Cell

Abstract: Although power conversion efficiency (PCE) of state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells has already exceeded 20%, photo- and/or moisture instability of organolead halide perovskite have prevented further commercialization. In particular, the underlying weak interaction of organic cations with surrounding iodides due to eight equivalent orientations of the organic cation along the body diagonals in unit cell and chemically non-inertness of organic cation result in photo- and moisture instability of organometal halide perovskite. Here, a perovskite light absorber incorporating organic–inorganic hybrid cation in the A-site of 3D APbI3 structure with enhanced photo- and moisture stability is reported. A partial substitution of Cs+ for HC(NH2)2+ in HC(NH2)2PbI3 perovskite is found to substantially improve photo- and moisture stability along with photovoltaic performance. When 10% of HC(NH2)2+ is replaced by Cs+, photo- and moisture stability of perovskite film are significantly improved, which is attributed to the enhanced interaction between HC(NH2)2+ and iodide due to contraction of cubo-octahedral volume. Moreover, trap density is reduced by one order of magnitude upon incorporation of Cs+, which is responsible for the increased open-circuit voltage and fill factor, eventually leading to enhancement of average PCE from 14.9% to 16.5%.

Supercapacitors performance evaluation

Abstract: The performance of a supercapacitor can be characterized by a series of key parameters, including the cell capacitance, operating voltage, equivalent series resistance, power density, energy density, and time constant. To accurately measure these parameters, a variety of methods have been proposed and are used in academia and industry. As a result, some confusion has been caused due to the inconsistencies between different evaluation methods and practices. Such confusion hinders effective communication of new research findings, and creates a hurdle in transferring novel supercapacitor technologies from research labs to commercial applications. Based on public sources, this article is an attempt to inventory, critique and hopefully streamline the commonly used instruments, key performance metrics, calculation methods, and major affecting factors for supercapacitor performance evaluation. Thereafter the primary sources of inconsistencies are identified and possible solutions are suggested, with emphasis on device performance vs. material properties and the rate dependency of supercapacitors. We hope, by using reliable, intrinsic, and comparable parameters produced, the existing inconsistencies and confusion can be largely eliminated so as to facilitate further progress in the field.

Stability of Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract: In recent years, there has been an unprecedented rise in the performance of metal halide perovskite solar cells. They are now in a position to compete on performance with traditional crystalline solar cells, and as such the most pressing questions concern the long term operational stability of this class of solar cell. Here, recent developments in understanding and overcoming stability concerns of metal halide perovskite solar cells are highlighted. An overview of possible instability issues due to electrical, atmospheric, heat, and light stresses is provided and the different implications to the most commonly used device architectures are discussed.

NiCo2S4 Nanosheets Grown on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Foams as an Advanced Electrode for Supercapacitors

Abstract: To push the energy density limit of supercapacitors, a new class of electrode materials with favorable architectures is strongly needed. Binary metal sulfides hold great promise as an electrode material for high-performance energy storage devices because they offer higher electrochemical activity and higher capacity than mono-metal sulfides. Here, the rational design and fabrication of NiCo2S4 nanosheets supported on nitrogen-doped carbon foams (NCF) is presented as a novel flexible electrode for supercapacitors. A facile two-step method is developed for growth of NiCo2S4 nanosheets on NCF with robust adhesion, involving the growth of Ni-Co precursor and subsequent conversion into NiCo2S4 nanosheets through sulfidation process. Benefiting from the compositional features and 3D electrode architectures, the NiCo2S4/NCF electrode exhibits greatly improved electrochemical performance with ultrahigh capacitance (877 F g−1 at 20 A g−1) and excellent cycling stability. Moreover, a binder-free asymmetric supercapacitor device is also fabricated by using NiCo2S4/NCF as the positive electrode and ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC)/NCF as the negative electrode; this demonstrates high energy density (≈45.5 Wh kg−1 at 512 W kg−1).

A Review of Phosphide-Based Materials for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Abstract: Hydrogen evolution by means of electrocatalytic water-splitting is pivotal for efficient and economical production of hydrogen, which relies on the development of inexpensive, highly active catalysts. In addition to sulfides, the search for non-noble metal catalysts has been mainly directed at phosphides due to the superb activity of phosphides for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and their low-cost considering the abundance of the non-noble constituents of phosphides. Here, recent research focusing on phosphides is summarized based on their synthetic methodology. A comparative study of the catalytic activity of different phosphides towards HER is then conducted. The catalytic activity is evaluated by overpotentials at fixed current density, Tafel slope, turnover frequency, and the Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption. Based on the methods discussed, perspectives for the various methods of phosphides synthesis are given, and the origins of the high activity and the role of phosphorus on the improved activity towards HER are discussed.

CdS/Graphene Nanocomposite Photocatalysts

Abstract: Heterogeneous photocatalysis using semiconductors and renewable solar energy has been regarded as one of the most promising processes to alleviate, and even solve, both the world crises of energy supply and environmental pollution. In the past few years, many encouraging achievements have been made in the research area of graphene-based semiconductor photocatalysts. Among them, CdS/graphene nanocomposites have attracted extensive attention as an important kind of photocatalyst in chemical and material science, due to its superior photocatalytic activity and photostability under visible-light irradiation. The aim here is to address the enhancement mechanism of the photocatalytic performance of CdS/graphene composite photocatalysts, and systematically summarize recent progress regarding the design and synthesis of CdS/graphene nanocomposites. These nanocomposites are promising for a great diversity of applications in visible-light photocatalytic fields, including artificial photosynthetic systems (photocatalytic hydrogen production and CO2 reduction), environmental remediation, and organic photosynthesis. Special attention is given to the photocatalytic hydrogen production and pollutant photodegradation over CdS/graphene nanocomposite photocatalysts. Furthermore, perspectives on CdS/graphene-based materials are discussed, including the various remaining challenges for large-scale applications, identifying prospective areas for related research in this field.

Carbonyls: Powerful Organic Materials for Secondary Batteries

Abstract: The application of organic carbonyl compounds as high performance electrode materials in secondary batteries enables access to metal-free, low-cost, environmental friendly, flexible, and functional rechargeable energy storage systems. Organic compounds have so far not received much attention as potential active materials in batteries, mainly because of the success of inorganic materials in both research and commercial applications. However, new requirements in secondary batteries such as flexibility accompanied with low production costs and environmental friendliness, in particular for portable devices, reach the limit of inorganic electrode materials. Organic carbonyl compounds represent the most promising materials to satisfy these needs. Here, recent efforts of the research in the field of organic carbonyl materials for secondary batteries are summarized, and the working principle and the structural design of different groups of carbonyl material is presented. Finally, the influence of conductive additives and binders on the cell performance is closely evaluated for each class of materials.

Review on Li-Sulfur Battery Systems: an Integral Perspective

Abstract: The development and commercialization of Li ion batteries during recent decades is one of the great successes of modern electrochemistry The increasing reliability of Li ion batteries makes them natural candidates as power sources for electric vehicles However, their current energy density, which can reach an average of 200 Wh kg−1 on the single cell level, limits the possible driving range of electric cars propelled by Li-ion batteries Thereby, there is a strong driving force to develop power sources technologies beyond Li-ion batteries that will mark breakthroughs in energy density capabilities Li-sulfur batteries have high theoretical energy density that can revolutionize electrochemical propulsion capability Consequently, in recent years there has been much work throughout the world related to these systems The scope of work on this topic justifies frequent publications of review articles that summarize recent extensive work and provide guidelines and direction for focused future work Here, a comprehensive, systematic work related to Li-sulfur battery systems is described, beginning with the Li anode challenges, carbon-encapsulated sulfur cathodes, and various kinds of relevant electrolyte solutions Based on the work described and parallel recent studies by other groups, important and comprehensive guidelines for further research and development efforts in this field are provided

Flexible perovskite photovoltaic modules and cells rased on atomic layer deposited compact layers and UV-irradiated TiO2 scaffolds on plastic substrates

Abstract: Recently, research on hybrid organometal halide perovskites for photovoltaic applications has delivered impressive growth in power conversion effi ciencies (PCEs) with a current certifi ed record of 17.9% and growing. [ 1–6 ] Key advantages of perovskites devices, together with high PCEs, are represented by the ease of the solution processing steps and their low temperature (<140 °C). [ 7,8 ] These values enable the fabrication on plastic substrates, [ 9 ] compatible with a continuous roll-toroll manufacturing which can potentially contribute to dramatically lower the production costs of large area modules. [ 10 ] Moreover, fl exible devices can also be conformed to curved surfaces to enhance power conversion densities. [ 11,12 ]

Solid Electrolyte: the Key for High‐Voltage Lithium Batteries

Abstract: A solid-state high-voltage (5 V) lithium battery is demonstrated to deliver a cycle life of 10 000 with 90% capacity retention. Furthermore, the solid electrolyte enables the use of high-voltage cathodes and Li anodes with minimum side reactions, leading to a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.98+%.

Failure Mechanism for Fast‐Charged Lithium Metal Batteries with Liquid Electrolytes

Abstract: In recent years, the Li metal anode has regained a position of paramount research interest because of the necessity for employing Li metal in next-generation battery technologies such as Li-S and Li-O2 Severely limiting this utilization, however, are the rapid capacity degradation and safety issues associated with rechargeable Li metal anodes A fundamental understanding of the failure mechanism of Li metal at high charge rates has remained elusive due to the complicated interfacial chemistry that occurs between Li metal and liquid electrolytes Here, it is demonstrated that at high current density the quick formation of a highly resistive solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) entangled with Li metal, which grows towards the bulk Li, dramatically increases up the cell impedance and this is the actual origin of the onset of cell degradation and failure This is instead of dendritic or mossy Li growing outwards from the metal surface towards/through the separator and/or the consumption of the Li and electrolyte through side reactions Interphase, in this context, refers to a substantive layer rather than a thin interfacial layer Discerning the mechanisms and consequences for this interphase formation is crucial for resolving the stability and safety issues associated with Li metal anodes

Photovoltaic Switching Mechanism in Lateral Structure Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract: In this study, long range electromigration of methylammonium ions (MA+) in methyl ammonium lead tri-iodide (MAPbI3) film is observed directly using the photo­thermal induced resonance technique. The electromigration of MA+ leads to the formation of a lateral p-i-n structure, which is the origin of the switchable photovoltaic effect in MAPbI3 perovskite devices.

Controlled Growth of NiMoO4 Nanosheet and Nanorod Arrays on Various Conductive Substrates as Advanced Electrodes for Asymmetric Supercapacitors

Abstract: Hierarchical NiMoO4 architectures assembled from well-aligned uniform nanosheets or nanorods are successfully grown on various conductive substrates using a facile and effective general approach. Importantly, the nanostructures of NiMoO4 can be easily controlled to be nanosheets or nanorods by using different solvents. By virtue of their intriguing structure features, NiMoO4 nanosheets as integrated additive-free electrodes for supercapacitors manifest higher Faradaic capacitance than NiMoO4 nanorods. Moreover, an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) is constructed using the as-prepared NiMoO4 nanosheets as the positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode. The optimized ASC with an extended operating voltage range of 0–1.7 V displays excellent electrochemical performance with a high energy density of 60.9 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 850 W kg−1 in addition to superior rate capability. Furthermore, the NiMoO4//AC ASC device exhibits remarkable cycling stability with 85.7% specific capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles. The results show that these NiMoO4-based nanostructures are promising for high-energy supercapacitors.

Lithium–Sulfur Cells: The Gap between the State‐of‐the‐Art and the Requirements for High Energy Battery Cells

Abstract: Li–S cells are considered a highly attractive electrochemical storage system, especially due to their high potential gravimetric energy density. The long-term target of all Li–S research activities must be to outperform state-of-the-art Li-ion cells. A current benchmark is the Panasonic NCR18650B, which has a gravimetric energy density of ≈240 Wh kg−1 and several hundred relatively stable cycles. The possible 18650 Li–S cell energies and cell costs are calculated for various sulfur loads, sulfur utilizations, and electrolyte/sulfur ratios with the aim of determining the cell and electrode property values required to outperform the NCR18650B. These values are compared with statistical information obtained from an extensive literature review of 274 Li–S publications over the last 12 years to show the gap between state-of-the-art Li–S research and requirements for high energy density cells. Finally, a carbon nanotubes-based electrode is introduced, which meets important criteria for obtaining high gravimetric cell energy densities.

A High Power-Density, Mediator-Free, Microfluidic Biophotovoltaic Device for Cyanobacterial Cells.

Abstract: Biophotovoltaics has emerged as a promising technology for generating renewable energy because it relies on living organisms as inexpensive, self-repairing, and readily available catalysts to produce electricity from an abundant resource: sunlight. The efficiency of biophotovoltaic cells, however, has remained significantly lower than that achievable through synthetic materials. Here, a platform is devised to harness the large power densities afforded by miniaturized geometries. To this effect, a soft-lithography approach is developed for the fabrication of microfluidic biophotovoltaic devices that do not require membranes or mediators. Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells are injected and allowed to settle on the anode, permitting the physical proximity between cells and electrode required for mediator-free operation. Power densities of above 100 mW m-2 are demonstrated for a chlorophyll concentration of 100 μM under white light, which is a high value for biophotovoltaic devices without extrinsic supply of additional energy.

Safety-Reinforced Poly(Propylene Carbonate)-Based All-Solid-State Polymer Electrolyte for Ambient-Temperature Solid Polymer Lithium Batteries

Abstract: An integrated preparation of safety-reinforced poly(propylene carbonate)-based all-solid polymer electrolyte is shown to be applicable to ambient-temperature solid polymer lithium batteries. In contrast to pristine poly(ethylene oxide) solid polymer electrolyte, this solid polymer electrolyte exhibits higher ionic conductivity, wider electrochemical window, better mechanical strength, and superior rate performance at 20 degrees C. Moreover, lithium iron phosphate/lithium cell using such solid polymer electrolyte can charge and discharge even at 120 degrees C. It is also noted that the solid-state soft-package lithium cells assembled with this solid polymer electrolyte can still power a red light-emitting diode lamp without suffering from internal short-circuit failures even after cutting off one part of the battery. Considering the aspects mentioned above, the solid polymer electrolyte is eligible for practical lithium battery applications with improved reliability and safety. Just as important, a new perspective that the degree of amorphous state of polymer is also as critical as its low glass transition temperature for the exploration of room temperature solid polymer electrolyte is illustrated. In all, this study opens up a kind of new avenue that could be a milestone to the development of high-voltage and ambient-temperature all-solid-state polymer electrolytes.

Recent Advances in Electrolytes for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Abstract: The rapidly increasing demand for electrical and hybrid vehicles and stationary energy storage requires the development of “beyond Li-ion batteries” with high energy densities that exceed those of state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries. Li–S batteries, which have very high theoretical capacities and energy densities, are believed to be one of the most promising candidates. The sulfur-based electrochemical reaction requires novel electrolytes to replace the classical carbonate-based electrolyte systems inherited from Li-ion batteries because carbonates are incompatible with the intermediate polysulfides in Li–S batteries. In addition, the theoretical specific capacities and projected energy densities of Li–S batteries are difficult to achieve experimentally, mainly because of the electronically insulating nature of sulfur and lithium sulfide cathodes, and the shuttle effect; this is a serious issue associated with the dissolution and diffusion of soluble polysulfides in most potential electrolytes and causes rapid capacity fading. It is therefore highly desirable to explore, modify, and/or optimize electrolytes for Li–S batteries to address these issues and improve their capacities, cycling stabilities, rate performances, and energy densities. An overview of recent developments in electrolytes for Li–S batteries is provided with a focus on the chemistry of polysulfides in different electrolyte media, including polysulfide solubility and its relevance to battery performance.

Flexible Asymmetric Micro‐Supercapacitors Based on Bi2O3 and MnO2 Nanoflowers: Larger Areal Mass Promises Higher Energy Density

Abstract: A flexible asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) with high energy density is designed and fabricated using flower-like Bi2O3 and MnO2 grown on carbon nanofiber (CNF) paper as the negative and positive electrodes, respectively. The lightweight (1.6 mg cm−2), porous, conductive, and flexible features make the CNF paper an ideal support for guest active materials, which permit a large areal mass of 9 mg cm−2 for Bi2O3 (≈85 wt% of the entire electrode). Thus, the optimal device with an operation voltage of 1.8 V can deliver a high energy density of 43.4 μWh cm−2 (11.3 W h kg−1, based on the total electrodes) and a maximum power density of 12.9 mW cm−2 (3370 W kg−1). This work provides an example of large areal mass and flexible electrode for ASCs with high areal capacitance and high energy density, holding great promise for future flexible electronic devices.

High Energy Density Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Challenges of Thick Sulfur Cathodes

Abstract: High energy and cost-effective lithium sulfur (Li–S) battery technology has been vigorously revisited in recent years due to the urgent need of advanced energy storage technologies for green transportation and large-scale energy storage applications. However, the market penetration of Li–S batteries has been plagued due to the gap in scientific knowledge between the fundamental research and the real application need. Here, a facile and effective approach to integrate commercial carbon nanoparticles into microsized secondary ones for application in high loading sulfur electrodes is proposed The slurry with the integrated particles is easily cast into electrode laminates with practically usable mass loadings. Uniform and crack-free coating with high loading of 2–8 mg cm−2 sulfur are successfully achieved. Based on the obtained thick electrodes, the dependence of areal specific capacity on mass loading, factors influencing electrode performance, and measures used to address the existing issues are studied and discussed.

Probing the Mechanism of High Capacitance in 2D Titanium Carbide Using In Situ X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy

Abstract: The field of supercapacitors (electrochemical capacitors) is constantly evolving. The global motivation is to create devices that possess a significant energy density without compromising the power density. To achieve this goal, new materials must be discovered and complex electrode architectures developed.

3D hierarchical porous α-Fe2O3 nanosheets for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Abstract: To develop a long cycle life and good rate capability electrode, 3D hierarchical porous α-Fe2O3 nanosheets are fabricated on copper foil and directly used as binder-free anode for lithium-ion batteries. This electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity and excellent rate capability. A reversible capacity up to 877.7 mAh g−1 is maintained at 2 C (2.01 A g−1) after 1000 cycles, and even when the current is increased to 20 C (20.1 A g−1), a capacity of 433 mA h g−1 is retained. The unique porous 3D hierarchical nanostructure improves electronic–ionic transport, mitigates the internal mechanical stress induced by the volume variations of the electrode upon cycling, and forms a 3D conductive network during cycling. No addition of any electrochemically inactive conductive agents or polymer binders is required. Therefore, binder-free electrodes further avoid the uneven distribution of conductive carbon on the current collector due to physical mixing and the addition of an insulator (binder), which has benefits leading to outstanding electrochemical performance.

Dual‐Confined Flexible Sulfur Cathodes Encapsulated in Nitrogen‐Doped Double‐Shelled Hollow Carbon Spheres and Wrapped with Graphene for Li–S Batteries

Abstract: Batteries with high energy and power densities along with long cycle life and acceptable safety at an affordable cost are critical for large-scale applications such as electric vehicles and smart grids, but is challenging. Lithium–sulfur (Li-S) batteries are attractive in this regard due to their high energy density and the abundance of sulfur, but several hurdles such as poor cycle life and inferior sulfur utilization need to be overcome for them to be commercially viable. Li–S cells with high capacity and long cycle life with a dual-confined flexible cathode configuration by encapsulating sulfur in nitrogen-doped double-shelled hollow carbon spheres followed by graphene wrapping are presented here. Sulfur/polysulfides are effectively immobilized in the cathode through physical confinement by the hollow spheres with porous shells and graphene wrapping as well as chemical binding between heteronitrogen atoms and polysulfides. This rationally designed free-standing nanostructured sulfur cathode provides a well-built 3D carbon conductive network without requiring binders, enabling a high initial discharge capacity of 1360 mA h g−1 at a current rate of C/5, excellent rate capability of 600 mA h g−1 at 2 C rate, and sustainable cycling stability for 200 cycles with nearly 100% Coulombic efficiency, suggesting its great promise for advanced Li–S batteries.

From Water Oxidation to Reduction: Homologous Ni–Co Based Nanowires as Complementary Water Splitting Electrocatalysts

Abstract: * National Key Basic Research Program of China. Grant Number: 2013CB934104 * Natural Science Foundation of China. Grant Numbers: 21322311, 21473038, 21071033 * Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality. Grant Number: 14JC1490500 Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China. Grant Number: 20130071110031 * Program for Professor of Special Appointment * Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University. Grant Number: RG#1435-010

Predicting the Open‐Circuit Voltage of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells Using Electroluminescence and Photovoltaic Quantum Efficiency Spectra: the Role of Radiative and Non‐Radiative Recombination

Abstract: The remarkably high open-circuit voltage of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells is investigated. Both the theoretical maximum and the real open-circuit voltage are predicted from electroluminescence and photovoltaic external quantum efficiency spectra. Radiative and non-radiative recombination are quantified, where a source of non-radiative recombination is found in the mesoscopic structure, independent of the Al2O3 or TiO2 scaffold. Without a hole-transport layer, non-radiative recombination is strongly enhanced, which reduces the open-circuit voltage. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Recent Progress on Hole‐Transporting Materials for Emerging Organometal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract: In less than three years, the photovoltaic community has witnessed a rapid emergence of a new class of solid-state heterojunction solar cells based on solution-processable organometal halide perovskite absorbers. The energy conversion efficiency of solid-state perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been quickly increased to a certified value of 20.1% by the end of 2014 because of their unique characteristics, such as a broad spectral absorption range, large absorption coefficient, high charge carrier mobility and diffusion length. Here, the focus is specifically on recent developments of hole-transporting materials (HTMs) in PSCs, which are essential components for achieving high solar cell efficiencies. Some fundamentals with regard to PSCs are first presented, including the history of PSCs, device architectures and general operational principles of PSCs as well as various techniques developed for the fabrications of uniform and dense perovskite complexes. A broad range of the state-of-the-art HTMs being used in PSCs are then discussed in detail. Finally, an outlook on the design of more efficient HTMs for highly efficient PSCs is addressed.

Research Progress on Negative Electrodes for Practical Li‐Ion Batteries: Beyond Carbonaceous Anodes

Abstract: Research activities related to the development of negative electrodes for construction of high-performance Li-ion batteries (LIBs) with conventional cathodes such as LiCoO2, LiFePO4, and LiMn2O4 are described. The anode materials are classified in to three main categories, insertion, conversion, and alloying type, based on their reactivity with Li. Although numerous materials have been proposed (i.e., for half-cell assembly), few of them have reached commercial applications, apart from graphite, Li4Ti5O12, Si, and Sn-Co-C. This clearly demonstrates that full-cell studies are desperately needed rather than just characterizing materials in half-cell assemblies. Additionally, the performance of such anodes in practical Li-ion configurations (full-cell) is much more important than merely proposing materials for LIBs. Irreversible capacity loss, huge volume variation, unstable solid electrolyte interface layer formation, and poor cycleability are the main issues for conversion and alloy type anodes. This review addresses how best to circumvent the mentioned issues during the construction of Li-ion cells and the future prospects of such anodes are described in detail.

Anodes for Rechargeable Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Abstract: In this work, we will review the recent developments on the protection of Li metal anode in Li-S batteries. Various strategies used to minimize the corrosion of Li anode and reducing its impedance increase will be analyzed. Other potential anodes used in sulfur based rechargeable batteries will also be discussed.