Showing papers in "Advances in Space Research in 1982"

TL;DR: The main ROSAT telescope consists of a fourfold nested mirror system with 83 cm aperture having three focal plane instruments, two of them are imaging proportional counters (0.1 and 2 keV) providing a field of view of 2°, an angular resolution of ≈ 30″ in the pointing mode and a spectral resolution ΔE/E ≈ 45% FWHM at 1 keV as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, the polar angular distribution of entering particles is spatially imaged onto a position sensitive detector at the annular exit aperture after a deflection through 90 deg. This detector uses a quadrispherical geometry, but has a completely uniform 360 deg fan-shaped field of view.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarize the present knowledge about the distribution of conductivity, electric field and current flow in the auroral zone as well for the large-scale electrojet systems as for the comparatively smaller current systems associated with quiet and active aurora, i.e. discrete arcs, auroral break-ups, westward travelling surges and omega bands.

TL;DR: A model for the Mars atmosphere up to 100 km altitude and between the 60 deg latitudes is presented in this paper, where seasonal variations are considered as induced by variations in surface temperature, using data supplied by the Viking lander and Mars 6 probe.

TL;DR: In this article, it is proposed to apply Booker's skeleton description for the bottom side of the ionosphere to avoid interference between different height ranges, in particular between the ranges lower, middle and topside ionosphere, and connect them smoothly by suitable filter functions.

TL;DR: In this paper, a ground truth experiment was conducted with the AVHRR sensor on NOAA-6 to determine the relationship between the upwelling visible radiance and the aerosol optical thickness at ten ocean sites around the globe.

TL;DR: One instrument of the Canadian Auroral Network for the Open Program Unified Study (CANOPUS) is a pulsed dual bistatic auroral radar system (BARS) for the mapping of ionospheric electric fields, using the STARE technique originated by R.A. Greenwald.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify 17 emerging magnetic flux regions with arch filaments related to new sunspots in Hale Active Region No. 16918 during the 7 day interval from 16-22 June.

TL;DR: In this paper, it is believed that radio type IVs, co-spatial with dense hot plasmoids, may be the result of a plasma radiation emission mechanism, and the injection of mass into the corona was observed in chromospheric and coronal lines with magnetic field changes and also at very high speeds into loops.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors interpret these data to indicate that the observed magnetic structure of the Venus ionosphere is a product of temporal evolution rather than of spacecraft motion through a spatially varying static structure.

TL;DR: A wide-angle Michelson Doppler imaging interferometer (WAMDII) is described that is intended to measure upper atmospheric winds and temperatures from naturally occurring visible region emissions, using Spacelab as a platform.

TL;DR: The shape of electron density profile in the International Reference Ionosphere could be improved significantly if the height h g and electron density N g of the F region sub-peak inflexion point were entered in the set of the profile standard parameters.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used data from the Viking lander imaging experiment and the IRIS experiment on board the Mariner 9 Orbiter to develop a one-dimensional radiative-convective model to describe the Mars temperature profile.

TL;DR: The ground-based systems STARE and SABRE utilize radar auroral phenomena to estimate ionospheric electric fields, which is a useful estimate of the actual horizontal electric field in the ionosphere as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: The IESP-IPMP instrument as discussed by the authors represents the complex unit measuring the vector of the DC electric field, the vectors of the electric and magnetic field in the frequency range of 2 - 65 Hz (wave form), autocorrelation functions of waves with frequencies of 1 - 5 kHz, and wave amplitudes in 8 bandpass channels.

TL;DR: In this paper, a new analysis for designing dual-layer shields is presented which is based on energy and momentum conservation, fundamental electromagnetic radiation physics, and the observation of results of extensive experimental impact studies performed at relatively low velocities (near 7 km/s).

TL;DR: In this article, a study of fifty-eight passes over the Southern (sunlit) pole has enabled the average Universal Time dependence of the wind field to be determined for essentially a single solar local time cut.

TL;DR: The second action interval of the FBS coincided with an extended period of gradual evolution in a large complex of activity which served as the target for a coordinated space-ground study.

TL;DR: Fujiwara et al. as mentioned in this paper performed a series of laboratory experiments of collisional breakup of small asteroids, where the targets should have spherical and/or irregular shape (up to axial ratios of the order of 2), and should be made of (possibly different) geological materials.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the global aerosol data base (climatology) that is evolving, and the seasonal and hemispheric variations such as the springtime layer expansion with warming temperatures and the local wintertime polar stratospheric clouds (PSC's) are described.

TL;DR: The Preparatory MAP (Middle Atmosphere Program) Project for coordinated study of the behavior of the middle atmosphere is called PMP-1 as mentioned in this paper, with special emphasis on data and analysis procedures used for the stratospheric fields, along with estimates of uncertainties.

TL;DR: The Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) mission as discussed by the authors was designed to search the celestial sphere for astronomical sources of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation (100-1000A).

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that a capacitive flare mechanism can accelerate per unit time no more electrons than the number of electrons that carries the net current associated with the free magnetic energy stored in situ.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the differences between the magnetized and unmagnetized dayside Venus ionosphere using the Pioneer Venus Orbiter Langmuir probe and magnetometer data.

TL;DR: An infrared sounder is being developed in France to observe in 1986 Comet Halley from the Soviet “VEGA” flyby probes as mentioned in this paper, which has three measuring channels: two I.R.S. colours are used in this channel: 7−10 μ and 10−14 μ.

TL;DR: The results of a cross-spectral analysis between monthly mean temperatures at 100 mb, 50 mb and 30 mb over the equator and the corresponding monthly mean BUV total ozone at different latitude zones are presented for the period 1970-1977 as mentioned in this paper.