Showing papers in "Advances in Space Research in 1983"

TL;DR: The Murchison meteorite has recently been the major source of new naturally-occurring amino acids, and thirty three of these amino acids are unknown in natural materials other than carbonaceous chondrites.

TL;DR: In this paper, high-quality multispectral measurements from satellites, and the recent development of multiple-window techniques to correct infrared brightness temperatures for atmospheric attenuation, have enabled marked improvements in global mapping of sea surface temperatures.

TL;DR: The feasibility of using the wavelength of the maximum slope of the red edge of leaf reflectance spectra, Lambda(re), as an indication of plant chlorophyll status was examined in the laboratory for single leaves of several species as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, a discussion is presented concerning the motion of droplets in a surrounding fluid induced by a temperature gradient, which is characterized as the tangential stress at the interface that is induced by the temperature gradient's variation of interfacial tension, causing motion in neighboring fluid both inside and outside the droplet.

TL;DR: The rem-dose concept is applicable only to radiations having low and intermediate linear energy transfer (electrons, protons, and helium ions), whereas the incidence of microlesions is a more meaningful indicator of the hazard due to higher-Z, high energy (HZE) particles.

TL;DR: It is suggested that in order to derive an appropriate model for dose-response curves for the induction of tumors by high-LET radiation it is necessary to take into account dose distribution, cell killing and the susceptibility of the tissue under study.

TL;DR: In this paper, the most significant results and conclusions at this stage are described and attention is focused on the new concepts for stress detection which have been generated The applications of the research are relevant to the understanding of current remotely sensed data as well as relating to ideas for new instrumentation.

TL;DR: The results show that large amounts of NH3 would have been synthesized on the primitive earth by electric discharges, and that CH4 is superior at low H2/carbon ratios.

TL;DR: The number (N) and longevity (L) terms in appropriate modifications of the Drake Equation, together with trends in the evolution of biological complexity on Earth, could provide rough estimates of the prevalence of life forms at specified levels of complexity within the Galaxy.

TL;DR: A microscopic examination of the generative organs in the control and experimental plants shows that in normally formed flower buds and flowers of the experimental plants, as distinct from the controls, there were no fertile elements of the adroecium and gynoecium.

TL;DR: The role of electromagnetic effects in planetary rings is reviewed in this article, which leads to a theory for the formation of Saturn's spokes, which is briefly reviewed in this paper. But it is not discussed in detail.

TL;DR: A new planetary protection policy, with the following key features, is proposed: deemphasizing the use of mathematical models and quantitative analyses and simplification of the remaining compliance procedures.

TL;DR: Radiation exposures recorded during space flights of the US and USSR are reviewed and discussion of absorbed dose and dose rates as a function of parameters such as altitude, inclination, spacecraft type and shielding is included.

TL;DR: Investigating the long-term effects of heavy ions on specific animal tissues and Investigations of cataractogenesis are useful for exploring the model of radiation damage proposed by Casarett and by Rubin and Casaretti with a tissue not connected directly to the vasculature.

TL;DR: Skylab 3 results support the hypothesis that tissue cultures used 58% more glucose on Earth than in space, and the concept of "gravity receptors" may be unnecessary, that cells must expend energy to maintain positional homeostasis against gravity.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the validity of the time stationary MHD momentum equation in the middle magnetospheres of Jupiter and Saturn by using published data from the Voyager Plasma Science (PLS), Low Energy Charged Particle (LECP), and Magnetometer (MAG) instruments.

TL;DR: The calibration constant, which connects the 6-bit-counts of the VIS-channel of the Meteosat-2 with the corresponding “effective radiances” is determined to be cSAT = 2.3 W·m−2·sr−1/count with an accuracy of ± 10% (preliminary values).

TL;DR: The results are incompatible with the assumption that the radiobiological effectiveness can be attributed to the dose of secondary electrons as currently understood and demonstrate that the widely held notion of an “overkill” at low impact parameters does not apply for the spores even with the most densely ionizing ions.

TL;DR: Experimental results may explain extant data concerning the nature and relative abundance of organics present in the atmosphere of Titan, a planetary satellite which may be an ideal model within the authors' solar system for the study of organic cosmochemistry and exobiology.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the Saturnian ring system represents a "time-capsule" containing vital clues about the physical processes operating during the early stages of its formation.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the role of the satellites LANDSAT and SEASAT in the cinematique de la dune et de la plage of the plage.

TL;DR: In this paper, a hand-held radiometer was used to gather spectral radiance data simulating bands 3, 4 and 5 of the Landsat-D Thematic Mapper.

TL;DR: In this article, the ionization of the gas ejections from the Io satellite into the Jovian magnetosphere by the corotating magnetospheric plasma flow is considered, and the energy, number density and spatial distribution of suprathermal electrons are calculated using the quasilinear theory of newly ionized atoms instability in a moving plasma.

TL;DR: A correlative method was used in order to determine the passage of cosmic heavy ions (HZE particles) through the biological test objects, which resulted in a decrease on hatchability, nucleic acid and protein synthesis in hydrated Artemia cysts.

TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed radiometric and spectroscopic investigation of each individual SSU, both prior to launch and during its operational life, is demonstrated that measurements from different SSUs can be combined with a relative error of less than 0.2K in equivalent brightness temperature.

TL;DR: The effect of high energy (HZE) particles and high energy hadrons on T4Br+ bacteriophage was analyzed and it was found that the biological efficiency of HZE particles andhigh energyHadrons is greater than that of gamma radiation.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used available rocketsonde information to compile tables of monthly mean temperature, pressure, density and zonal wind for the middle atmosphere of the southern hemisphere with the purpose of revising similar tables presented to COSPAR earlier.

TL;DR: In this article, a model quantitatively describes the reduction in the reflectivity to zenith due to shadowing effects by mostly vertical plants in an exclosure in the northern Sinai.

TL;DR: A reexamination of the changes in the connective tissue and synaptic terminals of soleus muscles from rats orbited in biosatellites and sampled postflight indicates that these structural alterations represent adaptative responses of the atrophic muscles to the increased workload of returning to 1 G, rather than hypogravity per se.

TL;DR: The ability of plants to undergo vegetative growth and to pass through early phases of generative development under weightlessness was confirmed and the anlysis of the formation ofGenerative organs has been carried out for Arabidopsis plants grown on board the orbital station Salyut-6.