Showing papers in "Advances in Space Research in 1990"

TL;DR: The new zonal mean COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere (CIRA-86) of temperature, zonal wind, and geopotential/geometric height is presented in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, a monthly mean climatology is presented of temperature, wind, and geopotential height with nearly pole-to-pole coverage (80 S to 80 N) for 0 to 210 km, which can be used as a function of altitude and pressure.

TL;DR: In this article, the electron density height profiles and their first derivatives with height from the E region to the peak of the F2 layer, as calculated by inversion of ionogram traces, are reproduced with good accuracy by formally identical simple analytical functions, different from those used by other authors.

TL;DR: In this article, the mean height profiles of fundamental turbulence parameters in the region 80-120 km were presented, and measured turbulent energy dissipation rates and eddy diffusion coefficients were collated.

TL;DR: In this article, a review summarizes current knowledge about the motion, temperature and density fields associated with both large and small scale waves and stresses improved understanding that has come from recent ground based, rocket and satellite investigations.

TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive evaluation of several currently-used empirical density models has been made using density data obtained 150-250 km from AFGL satellite accelerometer experiments during the period 1974-1982.

TL;DR: In this article, data on monthly latitudinal variations in middle-atmosphere vertical ozone profiles are presented, based on extensive Nimbus-7, AE-2, and SME satellite measurements from the period 1978-1982.

TL;DR: In this paper, the International Reference Ionosphere electron density profile (IRI-EIP) was proposed and the full analytical profile function under development for the entire ionosphere can be achieved with a linear combination of several LAY functions.

TL;DR: Reflection heights of low-frequency radio waves in mid-latitude summer, which are closely associated with the neutral atmosphere isobaric level of 0.0052 hPa, exhibit a statistically significant downgoing trend from 1962 through 1987, to be regarded as sufficient evidence of a true signal of progressive cooling of the middle atmosphere as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: The VLBI tracking experiment provided measurements of balloon positions and horizontal winds along their trajectories as mentioned in this paper, and the VEGA Balloons obtained in-situ measurements of pressure, temperature, vertical winds, cloud density, ambient illumination, and the frequency of lightning during their 48 hour flights in the Venus middle cloud layer.

TL;DR: In this paper, the first of a pair of reviews on the work done to date on E region electron temperatures at high latitudes is presented, focusing on observations, which are based primarily on incoherent scatter radar data.

TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of the solar-locked structure in the zonal and meridional components of the cloud motions also changes with time and the mechanism for such changes remain unknown, although planetary waves and a slight modulation of cloud level have been suggested.

TL;DR: In this paper, the mean behavior of the earth atmosphere from 0 to 120 km altitude is briefly characterized on the basis of the COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere (CIRA) for 1986.

TL;DR: In this paper, a qualitative model of cross-tail current flow was proposed and it was shown that when magnetic reconnection begins, the current effectively flows across the plasma sheet both earthward and tailward of the disruption region near the neutral line.

TL;DR: In this paper, the theory of electron heating by unstable plasma waves naturally occuring in the high latitude E region was reviewed, and the grounds common to the various wave heating theories to date were described.

TL;DR: The X-ray telescopes ART-P and ART-S together with the French designed Sigma are the principal instruments on the GRANAT international orbital observatory for high energy astrophysics as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review recent progress in the observational study of low-mass X-ray binaries and black hole candidates with special interest in the nature of accretion disks near weakly magnetized neutron stars and black holes.

TL;DR: In this paper, Nitric oxide has been measured with an ultraviolet spectrometer on the polar-orbiting satellite Solar Mesosphere Explorer (SME) for the period January 1982 to August 1986.

TL;DR: The scaling of stratified turbulence proposed by /1/ was extensively reviewed, such as present views of the tubulent buoyancy subrange as mentioned in this paper, and the relationship between temperature and velocities fluctuations was specifically discussed.

TL;DR: The present status of understanding and modeling of the variation of electron and ion temperatures with solar activity is reviewed in this article, where the electron temperature at high altitudes increases with increasing solar activity; the increase is larger during day than during night.

TL;DR: The main climatological variations in the atmosphere are with height and latitude as mentioned in this paper, and these variations are presented in the form of Fourier coefficents for the lowest zonal wavenumbers.

TL;DR: The International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) as mentioned in this paper is the most widely used reference ionosphere publication and has been used in the last few decades for a wide range of applications.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors interpreted the main data observed on the solar flares of 5 Nov 1980 are interpreted from a single view-point within the framework of magnetic reconnection concept, and they showed that the appearance of the narrow flare ribbons and intersected X-ray loops is a consequence of energy release on the separator.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared three generations of a macroscopic model of the shaped-charge releases in the ionosphere with the results of the Porcupine experiment and found good agreement with experiments which have reported a low ion yield.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the observations of stratified layers in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere made using radar techniques and relevant observations made with other techniques are briefly considered.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the behavior of the point of inflection of the electron density profile below the peak of the F 2 layer, considered as a "characteristic point" using a large number of profiles calculated from composite ionograms obtained at low and middle latitudes southern hemisphere stations.

TL;DR: In this paper, the spectra of Venus thermal radiation obtained in the Fourier-spectrometer experiment on board Venera-15 orbiter were analyzed in the spectral ranges covering the √2 (520 cm−1) and √3 (1350 cm− 1) SO2 bands and the features of the H2O pure rotation band.

TL;DR: The SIGMA experiment on the GRANAT spacecraft as discussed by the authors was designed to obtain high-sensitivity images of the sky in the 30 − 1300 keV energy range and the main scientific objectives of the instrument were discussed.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors considered the factors which limit the orbit accuracy for the Topex/Poseidon mission, including the geopotential, the radiation pressure and the atmospheric drag model.

TL;DR: The GRANAT satellite as discussed by the authors is an X-ray all-sky monitor capable of localizing strong X-rays sources and following their time development, and it carries several large X-and gamma-ray telescopes and gamma-burst detector arrays.