Showing papers in "Advances in Space Research in 2002"

TL;DR: The ILRS works with new satellite missions in the design and building of retroreflector targets to maximize data quality and quantity, and science programs to optimize scientific data yield.

TL;DR: The German small satellite CHAMP is on the final track for launch on July 15, 2000 into a circular, near-polar and 460 km altitude orbit as discussed by the authors, with synergetic use for precise orbit determination, global gravity and magnetic field recovery, and GPS atmosphere and ionosphere profiling.

TL;DR: In this article, a case study of tropospheric NO, above Africa in fall 1997 is presented, showing the influence of both biomass burning and lightning, showing that substantial amounts of NO, am present in the free troposphere over the African continent and in the outflow regions over the Southern Atlantic and the Indian Ocean.

TL;DR: An overview of the findings and recommendations of the scientific committee report of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements is presented.

TL;DR: The European Space Agency's (ESA) Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) as mentioned in this paper was the first true orbiting infrared observatory, which was launched by Ariane in November 1995 and provided astronomers across the globe with a facility of unprecedented sensitivity and capabilities for a detailed exploration of the universe at infrared wavelengths (2.5-240 μm).

TL;DR: In this paper, a correction for a small angle dependency of the diffisor used for the direct sun measurements in the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) instrument was proposed to improve the consistency of the BrO data set.

TL;DR: A radiative transfer model for the retrieval of atmospheric constituents from global nadir radiance measurements of the SCIAMACHY satellite spectrometer is proposed in this paper.

TL;DR: The data indicate that predominantly slow muscles are more responsive to unloading than predominantly fast muscles, and that a major factor for fiber atrophy is an inhibition or reduction of loading of the hindlimbs.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the deposition of hydrogen at the lunar poles from the incident solar wind proton flux and calculated the time required for the solar wind to supply the amount of hydrogen detected at the poles by the Lunar Prospector Neutron Spectrometer to be 7 Myr.

TL;DR: In this article, the consistency of BrO column amounts derived from GOME spectra and from correlative ground-based and balloon measurements performed in 1998-1999 during the Third European Stratospheric Experiment on Ozone (THESEO) has been investigated.

TL;DR: In this paper, the variability from day-to-day and from hour-tohour of the ionospheric characteristics f,E, f,F2, M(3000)F2 and MUF(3000 )F2 was studied.

TL;DR: Solar UV-B radiation affects motility and orientation in motile organisms and impairs photosynthesis in cyanobacteria, phytoplankton and macroalgae as measured by monitoring oxygen production or pulse amplitude modulated fluorescence analysis.

TL;DR: Results obtained during the calibrations of the spectrometers at the Cyclotron facilities of the University of Louvain, Belgium and of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences-STA, Chiba, Japan with protons of energies up to 70 MeV are described.

TL;DR: The ITRF2000 combination and implementation strategy, to be considered as a standard solution for a wide user community (geodesy, geophysics, astronomy, etc.), and important results in terms of datum definition as well as quality assessment are presented.

TL;DR: The spectral mismatch between asteroids and ordinary chondrites is explained by a so-called "space weathering" process where impacts of interplanetary dust altered the optical properties of asteroid surfaces.

TL;DR: The paper will summarize the activities of the IVS service and will give a prospective for the next few years, based on the experiences of the first IVS General Meeting.

TL;DR: The Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation (SECCHI) on the NASA Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory ( STEREO ) mission as mentioned in this paper is a suite of remote sensing instruments consisting of an extreme ultraviolet imager, two white light coronagraphs, and a heliosphere imager.

TL;DR: The Mars Global Reference Atmospheric Model 2000 Version (Mars-GRAM 2000) as discussed by the authors is a modified version of the GRAM that uses a modified Stewart thermospheric model for higher altitude and dependence on solar activity.

TL;DR: In this article, the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model and ionospheric data deduced from GPS measurements can be combined to improve ionosphere determinations, which can be done by using GPS-derived TEC maps or by using actual GPS measurements of the electron content along the signal path from satellite to ground receiver.

TL;DR: In this paper, top-side electron density profiles measured onboard ISIS-1 and ISIS-2 (1969 to 1980) and IK-19 (1979 to 1982) were extended through the plasmasphere using Chasovitin's (1999) model describing the plasma density between the peak of the ionosphere and the Plasmapause.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated thermocapillary flow in an annular gap with outer heater container of radius R 1 = 40 mm and inner cooled cylinder of R 2 = 20 mm and with an adjustable height h, 2.5 ≤ h ≤ 20 mm.

TL;DR: In the experiment EXOBIOLOGIE of the French PERSEUS mission (1999), it was found that very thin layers of anorganic material did not protect spores against the deleterious effects of energy-richUV radiation in space to the expected amount, but that layers of UV radiation inactivated spores serve as a UV-shield by themselves, so that a hypothetical interplanetary transfer of life by the transport of microorganisms inside rocks through the solar system cannot be excluded.

TL;DR: In this article, a wavelet transform analysis was applied to sunspot number and tree ring width time series from 1837 to 1996 at Concordia, Brazil to study the past global and regional climate, which was influenced by the solar radiative output variations, associated to solar activity.

TL;DR: It is found, that some young osteocytes take part in the activation of collagen protein biosynthesis in the adaptive remodeling process of the bone tissue to microgravity conditions, which correlates with fibrotic osteoblast reorganization in such zones.

TL;DR: In this paper, the current status of our knowledge of the chemical composition of the solar photosphere is reviewed and compared with data from other solar sources as well as with meteoritic data.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review evidence for the FIP-related fractionation of SEPs and compare it with FIP fractionation effects in the solar wind at 1 AU.

TL;DR: A low altitude satellite with polar orbit, namely CORONAS-F has been launched on July 31, 2001 as discussed by the authors, which allows to sample with relatively high time resolution the projection series of various magnetospheric regions to low altitudes and to indicate changes within.

TL;DR: Efficient precise orbit determination of LEO satellites plays an important role for near real-time studies of GPS satellite occultations for meteorological purposes and an efficient procedure based on a physical model to the positions is tested.

TL;DR: In this article, a stressed Ge:Ga array detector with a large pixel format but a compact mechanical structure was developed for IRIS, a Japanese satellite to be deployed in 2004, which will conduct an all-sky, far-infrared survey as well as spectroscopic observations of specific objects.

TL;DR: The CHAMP orbit can also be computed in a purely kinematic/geometric approach not using any dynamical model, and the available force models, in particular the gravity field model, are not accurate enough.