Showing papers in "Ageing Research Reviews in 2015"

TL;DR: It is concluded that social relationship factors that represent a lack of social interaction are associated with incident dementia, and the associations between poor social interaction and incident dementia is comparable with other well-established risk factors for dementia, including low education attainment, physical inactivity, and late-life depression.

TL;DR: It is indicated that skin aging events are initiated and often propagated by oxidation events, despite recently recognized adaptive responses to oxidative stress, as well as conflicting data on studies investigating the validity of the free radical damage theory of aging.

TL;DR: It is suggested the establishment of a home care-dominated geriatric care system, and a proactive role for researchers on aging in reforming geriatric Care through policy dialogs, and the creation of a nurturing environment conducive to healthy aging in China.

TL;DR: The authors conducted a systematic review to determine variability in how the criteria of the frailty phenotype (grip strength, weight loss, exhaustion, walking speed, physical activity) were assessed, and then evaluated the impact on estimating prevalence and mortality of modifying the criteria, using the Survey of Health, Ageing, & Retirement in Europe (SHARE).

TL;DR: The evidence for a link between hearing loss and cognitive decline is critically reviewed, and it is concluded that the evidence is convincing, but that the effects are small when hearing is measured audiometrically.

TL;DR: It is suggested that greater focus on collection of DNA fragmentation and progressive motility in a clinical setting may lead to better patient outcomes during fertility treatments of aging couples, even though sperm concentration did not decline with increasing male age.

TL;DR: The understanding of this system will enable to define new levers to prevent/treat sarcopenia and osteoporosis at the same time, which might include nutritional interventions and physical exercise.

TL;DR: Programmed cell death pathways, including apoptosis and regulated necrosis, are required for normal cell turnover and tissue homeostasis and limit life span in fungi, but whether PCD pathways normally limit adult metazoan life span is not yet clear.

TL;DR: This review will present results that attempt to characterize normal and pathological cognitive aging at multiple levels by integrating structural, behavioral, inter-individual and neuroimaging measures of episodic memory.

TL;DR: The possibility that DAMPs activating TLRs or NLRP3 complex mediate sterile inflammation during aging and in aging-related pathologies is discussed.

TL;DR: The present report focuses on the actions of resveratrol treatment in combating diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, and other age-related ailments.

TL;DR: The definition of cognitive frailty is refined based on existing reports about frailty and the latest progress in cognition research and the role of pre-physical frailty in pathological aging is obtained.

TL;DR: An overview and discussion of specific health conditions, behavioral factors, and biological mechanisms that mark declining mobility and physical function and promising interventions to counter these effects are provided.

TL;DR: Based on the literature, it is hypothesize that necroptosis is a major mechanism for RPE cell death in response to oxidative stress and in AMD.

TL;DR: This paper reviews the changes of plasma lipids that occur in men and women during aging and the potential mechanisms of age-related disorders of lipoprotein metabolism covering humans and/or animals and focuses on PPARα.

TL;DR: It is proposed that autobiographical recall in AD is mainly characterized by loss of associated episodic information, which leads to de-contextualization of autobiographical memories and a shift from reliving past events to a general sense of familiarity.

TL;DR: This review proposes and emphasizes that increased expression of the C- terminal agrin fragment (CAF) associated with age-dependent neuromuscular junction (NMJ) dysfunction, as well as skeletal muscle-specific troponin T (sTnT), a key component of contractile machinery, are the emerging sarcopenia biomarkers.

TL;DR: It is concluded that higher adiposity may be associated with frontalGM atrophy across all ages and parietal and temporal GM atrophy in middle and old age.

TL;DR: Progress made involving various strategies for developing a calorie restriction mimetic (CRM) is discussed and comment is made on the status and future for each within this exciting research field.

TL;DR: It is therefore important to embrace the reality of the requirements for exercise, intermittent fasting and critical thinking for optimal brain health throughout life, and to recognize the dire consequences for the aging population of failing to implement such brain-healthy lifestyles.

TL;DR: The recent literature is reviewed to highlight the autophagy role in the different bone cell types, i.e., osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes, and the effects of autophile modulators in bone physiology and of bone anabolic compounds in Autophagy are discussed.

TL;DR: F folate deficiency seems to be an important contributor for the onset and progression of neuropsychiatric diseases in the geriatric population but additional studies are needed in order to increase the knowledge of this promising, but still largely unexplored, area of research.

TL;DR: The DAMP Hypothesis is novel and complements other theories that explain the features of ageing and provides an attractive target for interventions in ageing and age-associated diseases.

TL;DR: Evidence is described that the authors' living contexts constitute a measurable factor in determining cognitive ageing, and different environmental characteristics in relation to cognitive performance in ageing are analyzed.

TL;DR: Orexin acts as an integrative homeostatic signal influencing numerous brain regions, and that this pivotal role results in potential dysregulation of multiple physiological processes when orexin signaling is disrupted or lost.

TL;DR: Evidence is evaluated on behaviors related to the Mediterranean way of living that have been shown to be associated with cognition, namely social interaction, participation in leisure activities, including physical activities, and sleep quality, and on lifestyle patterns that constitute a new research and public health perspective.

TL;DR: This work reviews telomerase knockout and overexpression studies and finds little support that telomeres cause aging, and generates the prediction that variance in telomere length decreases with age.

TL;DR: Therapeutic approaches targeting sleep disturbances to normalize circadian rhythms and sleep homeostasis may represent a novel strategy to preserve or recover muscle health in older adults.

TL;DR: In conclusion, exercise reduces depression levels in PWD, and it is shown that the principal BPSD positively affected by exercise was aberrant motor behavior.

TL;DR: This review article focuses on proteasome activation studies in several species and cellular models and their effects on aging and longevity as well as in progeroid syndromes.