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Showing papers in "Agricultural and biological chemistry in 1984"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The transformation efficiency with Cs+ or Li+ was comparable with that of conventional protoplast methods for a plasmid containing ars1, although not for plasmids containing a 2 microns origin replication.
Abstract: When intact cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were treated with alkali cations or thiol compounds, the cells gained the ability to take up plasmid DNAs. The transformation efficiencies of yeast cells treated with alkali cations was greatly influenced by both the kind and concentration of cation used. The transformation efficiency also varied depending on the yeast strain. Polyethylene glycol was indispensable for the transformation. The uptake of plasmid DNAs into the yeast cells was found only in the presence of this polymer. Based on these results, the properties of transformation of intact yeast cells treated with alkali cations or thiol compounds were discussed.

3,091 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a new method for determination of the G+C content of a DNA was developed, in which preparations from 26 bacterial strains and salmon sperm were digested to form 5'-deoxyribonucleotide-monophosphates with nuclease P1 and subjected to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Abstract: In order to develop a new method for determination of the G+C content of a DNA, preparations from 26 bacterial strains and salmon sperm were digested to form 5'-deoxyribonucleotide-monophosphates (dNMP) with nuclease P1 and subjected to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Chromatograms indicated excellent separation of the components, and the data analysis suggested sufficient reproducibility and reasonable A/T and G/C ratios over a wide range (39 to 72mol%) of G+C values.

182 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, two new antioxidative compounds, named epirosmanol and isorosmanol, were isolated from the leaves of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.).
Abstract: Two new antioxidative compounds, named epirosmanol (4a) and isorosmanol (6a), were isolated from the leaves of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). The structures have been determined to be 7β,11,12-trihydroxy-6,10-(epoxymethano)abieta-8,l 1,13-trien-20-one and 6α,ll,12-trihydroxy-7,10-(epoxymethano)abieta-8,ll,13-trien-20-one, respectively, on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. Both are isomers of rosmanol (1a), whose structure was revised to be 7α,ll,12-trihydroxy-6,10-(epoxymethano)abieta-8,ll,13-trien-20-one by the NOE experiment and X-ray analysis.These two antioxidants showed high activity in both lard and linoleic acid and, particularly in lard, were about four times more active than such synthetic antioxidants, as BHA and BHT.

120 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Of the tested strains, somemethylotrophs were most favorable for PQQ production and more than 10μg/ml ofPQQ was found in the culture medium after 2 days incubation.
Abstract: The possibility of preparing pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a novel coenzyme, by a microbial method was proposed for the first time PQQwas formed and accumulated in the culture mediumof various microorganisms Of the tested strains, somemethylotrophs were most favorable for PQQ production and more than 10μg/ml ofPQQ was found in the culture mediumafter 2 days incubation An attempt at the isolation and purification of PQQwas made successfully and spectral evidence was obtained suggesting that the purified PQQ was identical with authentic PQQ The spectral similarity of PQQ to the chromophores isolated from methylamine dehydrogenase and copper containing amineoxidases wasalso indicated

101 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, volatile compounds in fresh faeces, fresh urine, rotten urine, and rotten mixtures of faece and urine were isolated by freeze vacuum distillation and continuous extraction and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Abstract: In order to elucidate the nature of malodor from piggery wastes, volatile compounds in fresh faeces, fresh urine, rotten urine, and rotten mixtures of faeces and urine were isolated by freeze vacuum distillation and continuous extraction and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Many alcohols were detected not in fresh urine, but in faeces. Various fatty acids were determined at high concentrations in all samples, but their abundance was different in faeces and urine. Large amounts of phenols came from urine. Aromatic carboxylic acids were detected only in urine and decreased rapidly during digestion. Indole and 3-methylindole which were present only in faeces showed a reverse change of concentration during digestion.

98 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, aqueous deacetylated xanthan solutions were shown to have pseudoplastic behavior at concentrations below 0.1% but to plastic behavior above 0.3%.
Abstract: Flow properties of aqueous deacetylated xanthan solutions could be approximated to pseudoplastic behavior at concentrations below 0.1% but to plastic behavior above 0.3%. The flow indices in the power law for the deacetylated xanthan were somewhat different at various concentrations. The apparent viscosity of deacetylated xanthan decreased with increasing temperature at relatively low concentrations from 0.1 to 0.5%, however, it increased with increasing temperature, showed a maximum value at 40°C and decreased gradually at 1.0%. Compared with native xanthan, deacetylated material showed higher dynamic viscoelasticity at high concentrations. The dynamic viscoelasticity of deacetylated xanthan decreased with increasing temperature at various concentrations. The dynamic viscoelasticity of deacetylated xanthan was decreased by addition of urea (4.0 M).This suggests that acetate residues, which are attached to the inner mannose residues of the side chains, contribute to the intramolecular association, and tha...

97 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the properties of food proteins polymerized by guinea pig liver transglutaminase were investigated: solubility, emulsifying activity and emulsion stability, and unfrozen water content by pulsed NMR.
Abstract: The following properties of food proteins polymerized by guinea pig liver transglutaminase were investigated: (1) solubility, (2) emulsifying activity and emulsion stability, and (3) unfrozen water content by pulsed NMR. Several food proteins (αsl- and k-caseins, and soybean 7S and 11S globulins) were polymerized by this enzyme. Solubility and emulsifying activity of polymerized αsl-casein were higher than those of the native protein in the range of pH 4~6. Unfrozen water contents of polymerized soybean globulins were much higher than those of the native proteins. These results suggest that transglutaminase treatment may be used for the production of new food protein material with higher hydration ability.

96 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two βS-Galactosidases from Bacillus circulans were purified and separated into two different enzyme forms, using Sephadex G-150, ion-exchange, polybuffer chromatography, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and they showed similar isoelectric points, but were considerably different in Km values, substrate specificity, and particularly oligosaccharide-producing activity.
Abstract: βS-Galactosidases (EC 3.2.1.23) from Bacillus circulans were purified and separated into two different enzyme forms, using Sephadex G-150, ion-exchange, polybuffer chromatography, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weights estimated for these two enzymes were 2.4 × l05 (β-galactosidase-1) and 1.6 × 105 (β-galactosidase-2). They showed similar isoelectric points of about 4.5 and the same optimum pH of 6.0, whereas they were considerably different in Km values, substrate specificity, and particularly oligosaccharide-producing activity. /?-Galactosidase-2 produced many galacto-oligosaccharides, including di-,tri-, tetra-, and pentasaccharides, during hydrolysis of 4.56% lactose. When 60% of the lactose was converted, the total amount of oligosaccharide production reached a maximum at which about 41% of the products formed were oligosaccharides. β-Galactosidase-1 produced only 6% at its maximum.

95 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A rice lamina inclination test that is simple and specific for brassinosteroids was used as a microquantitative bioassay for Brassinolide 1 and its 6-keto congener, castasterone 2, in the concentration range of 5 x 10−5 /ig/ml to 5 × 10−3μg/ml, when uniform seedlings of the rice cultivars Arborio J-l and Nihonbare were selected.
Abstract: A rice lamina inclination test that is simple and specific for brassinosteroids was used as a micro-quantitative bioassay for brassinolide 1 and its 6-keto congener, castasterone 2, in the concentration range of 5 x 10–5 /ig/ml to 5 x 10–3μg/ml, when uniform seedlings of the rice cultivars Arborio J-l and Nihonbare were selected. A phytohormone, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), showed similar activity in this bioassay. Its lowest effective concentration, however, was 50 /ig/μl, about five orders of magnitude greater than that of brassinolide. Other phytohormones, abscisic acid (ABA) and the cytokinins kinetin and A6-benzyladenine, inhibited the lamina inclination of rice seedlings. The addition of a cytokinin reduced the promoting effect of brassinolide. Thus, the rice lamina inclination test can be used both as a micro-quantitative bioassay for brassinosteroids and as a method for detecting antibrassinolide compouds.

89 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, Bifidus Growth-promoting Activity of a Glycomacropeptide Derived from Human K-Casein was investigated. But it was not shown to have a significant effect on growth.
Abstract: (1984). Bifidus Growth-promoting Activity of a Glycomacropeptide Derived from Human K-Casein. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry: Vol. 48, No. 8, pp. 2159-2162.

87 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The distribution of mercury and selenium in fifteen tissues of striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalbd) was examined in this article, and the total mercury level in the mature dolphins showed differences among the tissues and was highest in the liver.
Abstract: We examined the distribution of mercury and selenium in fifteen tissues of striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalbd). The total mercury level in the mature dolphins showed differences among the tissues and was highest in the liver. The total mercury concentration in most tissues increased with age, and reached a constant level at 20 to 25 years of age. The total mercury level in the tissues was not appreciably different among mature males, pregnant females, lactating females and resting females. In the muscle of mature individuals, the total mercury level of striped dolphins collected in 1977 and 1980 was appreciably higher than that of those collected 1978 and 1979. Methylmercury showed less variation in concentration among the tissues. The ratio of methylmercury to total mercury in muscle decreased with growth after about 10 years of age when the increase of methylmercury stopped. Selenium levels in the dolphins increased with age as total mercury levels did. High correlation coefficients were found betw...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a series of aqueous mixed solutions of xanthan and locust bean gum were measured using a rheogoniometer, and the rheological properties were analyzed.
Abstract: Non-Newtonian behavior and dynamic viscoelasticity of a series of aqueous mixed solutions of xanthan and locust bean gum were measured using a rheogoniometer, and the rheological properties were analysed. A gelation occurred in the mixture at the concentration of 0.2% total gums at room temperature. The flow curves of the mixture solutions showed a yield value and approximated to plastic behavior at 50°C. The maximum dynamic modulus was obtained when the mixing ratio of xanthan to locust bean gum was 1:2, while comparable high moduli were also obtained in the mixing ratio of 1: 3 or 1:4. A mixture of deacetylated xanthan and locust bean gum showed the highest dynamic modulus, about two times that of the mixture of native or Na-form xanthan. The dynamic modulus of the mixtures decreased rapidly with increasing temperature. In contrast, the dynamic viscosity was scarcely changed during increasing temperature in the mixing ratio of 2: 1. The dynamic modulus was decreased by addition of urea (4.0 M), NaCl (0....

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the main isoflavones responsible for the antioxidative activity in tempeh were deduced to be daidzein and genistein, respectively.
Abstract: Dried tempeh is known to be remarkably stable to lipid oxidation. An isoflavone has been isolated and is considered to be one of the antioxidants in tempeh. However, the true origin of the antioxidative activity of tempeh is still obscure. In this paper, isoflavones and their glucosides in tempeh were analyzed by HPLC, and the liberation of isoflavones from glucosides occurred during fermentation was made clear. The main isoflavones responsible for the antioxidative activity in tempeh were deduced to be daidzein and genistein.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a kind of Arabinogalactan-protein is defined as a protein that is a mixture of two types of amino acids: Gum Arabic and al-Gum Arabic.
Abstract: (1984). Gum Arabic is a Kind of Arabinogalactan–Protein. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry: Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 235-237.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Pyranose oxidase (glucose-2-oxidase) was purified by HPA-75 chromatography, Sepharose 4B and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, and hydroxyapatite chromatography and showed a single protein band on acrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Abstract: Coriolus versicolor KY2912 grown on a medium containing glucose, sucrose or glycerol produced pyranose oxidase. Pyranose oxidase (glucose-2-oxidase) was purified by HPA-75 chromatography, Sepharose 4B and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, and hydroxyapatite chromatography. The purified enzyme preparation showed a single protein band on acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The highest activity was obtained when D-glucose was employed as substrate and molecular oxygen as electron acceptor. The enzyme was most active at pH 6.2 and 50°C, stable in the pH region between 5.0 and 7.4, and the activity was completely lost above 70°C. The activity was inhibited by Ag+ , Cu2+ and PCMB. The enzyme contained FAD covalently bound to the polypeptide chain. The enzyme consisted of identical subunits with a molecular weight of 68,000, and showed a total molecular weight of 220,000.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, 6-Isopentenylnaringenin (6-ISN) was isolated together with xanthohumol (XHUMO) and isoxanthohUMol (ISOHA) from hard resins of hops ( Humulus lupulus L.).
Abstract: 6-Isopentenylnaringenin 1, which has previously been synthesized by other workers, was isolated together with xanthohumol 2 and isoxanthohumol 3 from hard resins of hops ( Humulus lupulus L.). The structures of 1 and sophoraflavanone B were examined; that of the latter previously reported as 6-isopentenylnaringenin, has been revised to 8-isopentenylnaringenin. 1, 2 and 3 were found to have antifungal activities.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The possible reaction sequence in synthesis of ester oligomer by Aspergillus niger lipase is described and the dominant components of synthesized esters were pentamer and heptamer.
Abstract: Lipase from Aspergillus niger NRRL 337 catalyzed the synthesis of esters from various dicarboxylic acids and diols. Among the esters synthesized, those from 1,13-tridecanedioic acid and 1,3-propanediol were separated by gel permeation chromatography. The constitution of the purified ester was determined by using IR and MS. The dominant components of synthesized esters were pentamer and heptamer, and both end groups of the pentamer and heptamer were hydroxyl.The possible reaction sequence in synthesis of ester oligomer by Aspergillus niger lipase is described.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, Cryptic Plasmids in Glutamic Acid-producing Bacteria (GABB) were found in the soil of the United States of America. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry: Vol. 48, No. 11, pp. 2901-2903.
Abstract: (1984). Cryptic Plasmids in Glutamic Acid-producing Bacteria. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry: Vol. 48, No. 11, pp. 2901-2903.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the fine structures of amylopectin and intermediate material characteristic of Amylomaize starch were investigated by chemical and enzymatic means, and it was demonstrated that the internal chains in amylomaise amylopsectin was 9 glucose units longer than that in waxy-maize amylophectin.
Abstract: The fine structures of amylopectin and intermediate material characteristic of amylomaize starch were investigated by chemical and enzymatic means. In comparison with waxy-maize amylopectin, that of amylomaize starch was found to possess a img/ approximately 10 glucose units longer. Unit-chain profiles of waxy and amylomaize amylopectins revealed that the clear difference lay simply in the relative amounts of two unit-chain fractions. By fractionations of debranched β-limit dextrins, it was demonstrated that the img/ of the internal chains in amylomaize amylopectin was 9 glucose units longer than that in waxy-maize amylopectin. In addition, the proportion of maltose and maltotriose fractions in the debranched dextrin for amylomaize amylopectin was noticeably smaller than found for waxy-maize amylopectin. These data suggest a lesser branching frequency of outer branches in amylomaize amylopectin, confirming the previous proposal that this amylopectin has longer inner and outer branches than those of normal...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, solid phase tryptic digestion of the solubilized crystal protein bound on a DEAE-cellulose column was found to be a successful method to prepare a toxic fragment without denaturation.
Abstract: Purified crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. dendrolimus strain T84A1 gave a single polypeptide band (apparent mol. wt. 145,000) on SDS-PAGE and the only N-terminal amino acid sequence was Met–Asp–Asn–Asn–Pro–Asn–Ile–. No pentose or hexose was detected. Solid phase tryptic digestion of the solubilized crystal protein bound on a DEAE-cellulose column was found to be a successful method to prepare a toxic fragment without denaturation. The resulting fragment (fragment T) was slightly basic (pI 8.9) and the molecular weight was estimated as 58,000 on SDS-PAGE and by gel filtration without denaturing agents. The apparent number of the amono acid residues was 516 and the N- and C-terminal sequences were determined as Ile–Glu–X–Gly–Tyr–Thr– and –Leu–Arg, respectively. The molar specific toxicities of the solubilized crystal protein and fragment T were nearly identical. The fragment T retained the full toxicity and selectivity of the intat crystal protein. Location of the fragment T in the crystal...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Ultraviolet photomicrographic studies on S. sakeK-6 suggested that AdoMet was gradually accumulated in vacuoles with the passage of cultivation time, and Methionine adenosyltransferase activity was significantly higher in this yeast compared to those in other yeasts tested.
Abstract: In survey studies on microbial accumulation of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet), various yeasts were found to accumulate AdoMet intracellularly to a high concentration when they were grown in medium containing L-methionine. A group of sake yeasts (Saccharomyces sake) exhibited especially high accumulation. Of these yeasts, S. sake Kyokai No. 6 (K-6), which exhibited the highest accumulation, produced 12.6μmiol (5.03 mg) of AdoMet/ml broth. Almost all AdoMet produced was accumulated in cells, extracellular accumulation of AdoMet being very low. The maximum content of AdoMet of cells was 5.31μmiol (205mg)/g dry cells. This was the highest value that had been reported. Methionine adenosyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.6) activity was significantly higher in this yeast compared to those in other yeasts tested. Ultraviolet photomicrographic studies on S. sakeK-6 suggested that AdoMet was gradually accumulated in vacuoles with the passage of cultivation time.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the physicochemical and functional properties of myosin from red (red-myosin) and white (white-myopsin) muscles of broilers, grown at different planes of nutrition, were studied.
Abstract: Physicochemical and functional properties of myosin from red (red-myosin) and white (white-myosin) muscles of broilers, grown at different planes of nutrition, were studied. The red- and white-myosin from well-nourished broilers exhibited characteristic difference in certain physico-chemical properties. The specific viscosity of red-myosin was lower and sedimentation coefficient ( S202o,w) was higher than that of white-myosin. The transition of monomer⇌filament phase of white-myosin seemed to occur in a narrower range of ionic strength than that of red-myosin. Under identical conditions (ionic strength, pH, protein concentration, temperature) of the model system, white-myosin always exhibited greater gel strength than that of red-myosin. Characteristic differences were also observed in the three-dimensional structure of red- and white-myosin gel.Heat-induced gel strength of red-myosin from under-fed broilers was about 50% less than that of control, whereas the gelling property of white-myosin was not infl...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the β-D-glucosyl ester of 13-O-Dglocosyl-steviol which was isolated from leaves of Rubus suavissimus collected in China as the major sweet principle (yield: 5.4%), was subjected to α-1 4 transglucousylation with the cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase produced by Bacillus megaterium Strain No. 5 using soluble starch as a donor.
Abstract: Rubusoside, the β-D-glucosyl ester of 13-O-D-glucosyl-steviol which was isolated from leaves of Rubus suavissimus collected in China as the major sweet principle (yield: 5.4%), was subjected to α-1 4 transglucosylation with the cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase produced by Bacillus megaterium Strain No. 5 using soluble starch as a donor. A significant improvement in the quality of sweetness was observed for the crude reaction mixture, which was separated into mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexa-glucosylated products. All isomers of the mono- and di-glucosylated products were further separated. Evaluation of the sweetness of these products compared with stevioside, rebaudioside A, etc. disclosed that the ratio of the number of glucose units at the 13-hydroxyl group to that at 19-carboxyl group seems to have a significant relationship with the sweetness as well as the quality of taste for glucosides of this type.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: On observation by scanning electron microscopy, the respective diameters of heat-induced gel networks of myosin B and soybean protein CIF were found to be above 1 μm and below 1μm and it was suggested that the reaction was related to disulfide bonds between the two proteins.
Abstract: On observation by scanning electron microscopy, the respective diameters of heat-induced gel networks of myosin B and soybean protein CIF were found to be above 1 μm and below 1 μm. In a mixture of the proteins, it was observed that the denatured soybean protein CIF had associated continuously around myosin B networks. These reactions reinforced the rough myosin B networks. The structures of the reinforced networks were considerably different from those of the individual proteins. Furthermore, when both the proteins were mixed, formation of the networks was already found before heating. It was suggested that the reaction was related to disulfide bonds between the two proteins.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the gelatinization of potato starch in water was studied by quantitative differential thermal analysis at various heating rates ranging from 0.02 to 20 K min−1, and it was found that at a heating rate slower than 0.5K min −1, gelatinization state is at all times in equilibrium during the temperature scan, while it is kinetically limited at a higher heating rate faster than 1.5 K min − 1.
Abstract: The gelatinization of potato starch in water was studied by quantitative differential thermal analysis at various heating rates ranging from 0.02 to 20 K min−1. It was found that at a heating rate slower than 0.5K min−1 the gelatinization state is at all times in equilibrium during the temperature scan, while it is kinetically limited at a heating rate faster than 0.5 K min −1. The heat of gelatinization was calorimetrically obtained as ΔHcal=2.77±0.15kJ (glucose residue)−1 (661 ±36 cal (glucose residue)−1). Using the transition curve drawn from the enthalpy level, the van’t Hoff enthalpy for gelatinization was determined to be ΔHvH = 816±8kJ mol−1 (195±2 kcal mol−1). From the ratio of the van’t Hoff enthalpy to the calorimetric enthalpy, the size of the cooperative unit during the gelatinization of potato starch was estimated to be 295±10 (glucose residues) mol−1.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A prolidase with a molecular weight of 43,000 was purified to homogeneity from a cell-free extract of Streptococcus cremoris H61 and the optimum pH of the enzyme was in the range of 6.5 to 7.5.
Abstract: A prolidase with a molecular weight of 43,000 was purified to homogeneity from a cell-free extract of Streptococcus cremoris H61. The optimum pH of the enzyme was in the range of 6.5 to 7.5. The hydrolyzing activity was specific for dipeptides of the X-Pro type. Kinetic constants for 4 dipeptides (Leu-Pro, Phe-Pro, Val-Pro and Ala-Pro) were estimated. Km values were not very different for these substrates, but Vmax values were quite different (Leu-Pro > Phe-Pro, Val-Pro > Ala-Pro). The enzyme was activated by cobalt ion and inactivated by metal-chelating agents or with 2-mercaptoethanol.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel coenzyme, PQQ, was reported as a bacterial growth factor for the first time, effective in causing growth of the PVA-degrading bacterium on PVA but also in enhancing the growth rate and the cell yield at concentrations of 0.05 to 4ng/ml.
Abstract: From a supernatant of a mixed continuous culture of Pseudomonas sp. VM15C and Pseudomonas putida VM15A, of which the former produced a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-degrading enzyme and the latter an essential growth factor (trivial name, factor A) for PVA utilization by the former, purified factor A showing homogeneity on high performance liquid chromatography was obtained. From spectral and other evidence, factor A was identified as pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ). PQQ was effective in not only causing growth of the PVA-degrading bacterium on PVA but also in enhancing the growth rate and the cell yield at concentrations of 0.05 to 4ng/ml. Thus, a novel coenzyme, PQQ, was reported as a bacterial growth factor for the first time.

Journal ArticleDOI
Hiroyuki Sato1, Tadatoshi Seino1, Takaaki Kobayashi1, Asao Murai1, Yasumi Yugari1 
TL;DR: It was shown that co-existing nutrients, such as carbohydrate, fiber, and free or combined ash, did not affect the recovery of tryptophan in lysozyme, but that the recovery was reduced by the presence of fat and defatting of feed and feedstuffs is necessary to obtain accurate values by this method.
Abstract: A method for determining the tryptophan content of feed and feedstuffs was established. This method involved three steps: alkaline hydrolysis, pretreatment of the hydrolysate for chromatog-raphy, and measurement of tryptophan by ion exchange liquid chromatography. With this method, the recovery of tryptophan in egg-white lysozyme, which is a pure protein with six tryptophan residues, was 97%. It was shown that co-existing nutrients, such as carbohydrate, fiber, and free or combined ash, did not affect the recovery of tryptophan in lysozyme, but that the recovery of tryptophan was reduced by the presence of fat. Therefore, defatting of feed and feedstuffs is necessary to obtain accurate values for tryptophan analysis by this method. The tryptophan contents of some proteins, feedstuffs, and feeds were determined under the optimum conditions established in this study.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the production in large numbers of Actinorhodin and Undecylprodigiosin Induced by afsB in Streptomyces lividans was reported.
Abstract: (1984). Production in Large Quantities of Actinorhodin and Undecyl-prodigiosin Induced by afsB in Streptomyces lividans. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry: Vol. 48, No. 8, pp. 2131-2133.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Four mannanases (Mannanases I, II, III, and IV) were isolated from the culture filtrate of a Streptomyces sp.
Abstract: Four mannanases (Mannanases I, II, III, and IV) were isolated from the culture filtrate of a Streptomyces sp. by ion exchange chromatography. Mannanase IV was the main component and accounted for 64.4% of the total activity of the four mannanases. Mannanase IV was further purified by gel filtration, and the purified Mannanase IV was homogeneous on disc-gel electrophoretic analysis.Optimum pH and temperature for the activity of Mannanase IV were 6.8 and 57°C, respectively. It was stable at temperatures up to 45°C when examined at pH 6.8 for 30min, and lost only 15% of its activity at 70°C for 30min at pH 6.8. The isoelectric point and molecular weight were pH 3.65 and 42,900, respectively. The enzyme was strongly inactivated by Al3+, Hg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cd2+, Ag+, Sn2+, and Cu2+, and completely inhibited by iodoacetic acid and N-bromosuccinimide. The enzyme hydrolyzed mannotriose to mannose and mannobiose, but did not hydrolyze mannobiose.