Showing papers in "Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in 2021"
TL;DR: The result reviled that applications of 10g lime and 800 mg P rates improves the soil parameters and nutrient uptake of coffee seedlings under nursery conditions.
Abstract: Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is one of the major cash crops which were widely grown in west, south and south west parts of Ethiopia. There is wider genetic diversity in the country but the average clean coffee production is very low 0.7 ton/ha compared with other coffee producing countries. The low production was arises from erroneous management of the plant during the initial stage of establishment by using of improper nursery growing media and other field managements. The research was conducted at Jimma Agricultural Research Center nursery site in lata house to evaluate the effects of lime on the availability of phosphorus fertilizer and nutrient uptakes of coffee seedlings. The treatments consists five lime rates (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g) 2.5 kg-1 and four phosphorus mineral fertilizer rates (0, 400, 600 and 800 mg) 2.5 kg-1 of soil. The experiment was arranged in factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. Soil samples were taken before planting and after harvesting. Representative leaf samples were taken and both soil and leaf samples were analyzed. The result reviled that applications of 10g lime and 800 mg P rates improves the soil parameters and nutrient uptake of coffee seedlings under nursery conditions.
4 citations
TL;DR: Traits having high heritability and high genetic advance as percent of means was effective for simple selection and most of the traits had high phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficients of variation; and coupled highHeritability with high Genetic advance aspercent of mean.
Abstract: Potato is a high potential food security crop in the world including Ethiopia. Genetic variability is the basis of all crop improvement programs. The study was conducted at Adet in 2018 with the objective of assessing the extent and pattern of genetic variability of potato genotypes for yield and yield related traits. A total of 36 potato genotypes were evaluated for 18 quantitative traits in simple lattice design with two replication. The analysis of variance revealed that highly significant (p ≤ 0.001) difference among the tested potato genotypes for all quantitative traits except average stem number per hill. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was ranged from 4.56 to 56.01% (specific gravity and unmarketable tuber yield t ha-1 respectively) and the genotypic coefficient of variation was ranged between 2.32 to 40.66% (specific gravity and late blight severity percentage respectively). The broad sense heritability was ranged from 25.93 to 97.05% (specific gravity and late blight severity percentage respectively) and the genetic advance as percent of mean was ranged from 2.44 to 82.64% (specific gravity and late blight severity percentage respectively). Days to attain 50% emergence, leaf area index, number of marketable tubers and total tubers per plant, marketable and total tuber yield t ha-1 and late blight severity percentage had high heritability with high genetic advance as percent of mean. Most of the traits had high phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation; and coupled high heritability with high genetic advance as percent of mean. Traits having high heritability and high genetic advance as percent of means was effective for simple selection.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a three-year field experiment was conducted to verify the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer rates for maize, and the results showed that the application of 92 kg N ha-1+ 69 kg P2O5 ha- 1significantly increased the growth parameters and yield of maize when compared to the other treatments.
Abstract: Maize (Zea mays L.,) is an important smallholder crop grown in Ethiopia. Its yields are low because of a decline in soil fertility, insufficient use of fertilizers, and blanket use of fertilizer. However, there is no Nitrogen and Phosphorus fertilizer recommendation for Maize in Yeki District. A three-year field experiment was conducted to verify the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer rates for maize. The experiment consisted of three treatments; 92 kg N ha-1 + 69 kg P2O5 ha-1, 64 Kg N ha-1 + 46 kg P2O5 ha-1and no fertilizer (control) laid out using a randomized complete block design with four replications. The replication represents the four locations selected for the test. The results of the study showed that the application of 92 kg N ha-1+ 69 kg P2O5 ha-1significantly increased the growth parameters and yield of maize when compared to the other treatments. The highest maize grain yield (10052.9 kg ha-1) was obtained from the application of 92 kg N ha-1 with 69 kg P2O5 ha-1. This study further confirms the significant role of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers for maize production. From the result of the study, the application rate of 92 kg N ha-1 + 69 kg P2O5 ha-1 is recommended for increasing maize yield, particularly in the study area, and also it is economically feasible.
2 citations
TL;DR: Generally, most of the lines, which showed better resistance at Arsi-Robe, were susceptible at Meraro and Bekoji.
Abstract: Wheat rust outbreak especially yellow rust is the major production constraint in Ethiopia. Arsi Zone is the hot spot zone for yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis (Pst)) particularly Meraro and Bekoji sites are frequently yellow rust epidemic was occur due favorable environmental and higher pressure of inoculums in the areas. Therefore, the objective the study was to identify sources of resistance against yellow rust at adult plant stage under hot spot sites. In this study, Three hundred seventy five elite breeding and advanced lines were planted at Meraro, Arsi-Robe and Bekoji. The results show that 34, 10 and 54% of the lines at Meraro were found resistant to moderately resistant, intermediate and moderately susceptible to susceptible. At Arsi-Robe 61, 23.5 and 15.5% of lines were showed that resistant to moderately resistant, intermediate and moderately susceptible to susceptible. Finally, at Bekoji 35.5, 21.3 and 43.2% lines at were resistant to moderately resistant, intermediate and moderately susceptible to susceptible category of yellow rust. Average coefficient of infection (ACI) less than 20% showed at Meraro (34%), Bekoji (35.5%) and Arsi-Robe (61%) was good percent of resistance to the current yellow rust pressure respectively, indicating higher disease pressure at Meraro and Bekoji than that of Arsi-Robe. Among the lines, 43.7% showed a good level of resistance (<30% severity) in all locations. Generally, most of the lines, which showed better resistance at Arsi-Robe, were susceptible at Meraro and Bekoji.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a study was conducted to evaluate coffee quality attributes of nine newly released coffee cultivars subjected to open sun (direct sun light) and lath house-drying methods.
Abstract: Coffee Arabica is an essential commodity to the livelihood of millions of Ethiopians and its quality had critical importance to the coffee industry. A study was conducted to evaluate coffee quality attributes of nine newly released coffee cultivars subjected to open sun (direct sun light) and lath house-drying methods. The experiment was designed in complete randomized design factorial with two factors (cultivars and drying methods). Coffee cultivars were (Gawe, Dessu, 744, 7440, 74148, Gesha, Merdacheriko, Wushwush and Catimor J-19) prepared using wet (washed) processing method during harvesting of 2017/18 cropping season, which were collected from different altitude of south west, Ethiopia. Cup quality was evaluated by a team of certified panelists at Jimma agricultural research center coffee processing and quality analysis laboratory. The highest value in most cup quality attributes were record in cultivars of Gesha and 74148. Similarly, cultivars of 744 and 7440 were highest in all cup quality parameters. Net lath house drying method was better in all cup quality attributes. Effect of drying method was significant difference (P<0.05) on cup quality parameters such as aromatic quality, astringency, bitterness, body and flavor. The interaction effect of cultivar and drying method shown significant difference (P<0.05) on cup quality parameter except aromatic intensity. In the future to improve and maintain coffee quality different drying method should be practiced.
2 citations
TL;DR: High heritability coupled with high genetic advances as a percent of mean was observed for marketable root yield, root skin color, root beta carotene content, harvest index, vine length, vine inter-node length and above ground fresh weight, implying these characters are governed by additive gene action and selection would be rewarding for the further improvement of such traits.
Abstract: The study was conducted to determine variability for yield and yield related traits in 24 orange fleshed sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] genotypes in the 2017 main cropping season at Hawassa Agricultural Research Center. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Data were collected on 19 traits and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted. Significant differences (p≤0.05) among genotypes were observed for root yield and its components as well as morphological and qualitative traits including sweetpotato virus disease reaction (SPVD). The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) ranged from 22.1% for mature leaf size to 118.3% for unmarketable root yield, while the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) ranged from 20.6% for root girth to 111.7% for unmarketable root yield. All the traits studied showed PCV and GCV more than 20%, suggesting high variability and this could be used for the selection of superior genotypes concerning character of interest. Most traits showed high values for broad-sense heritability, which ranged from 66.7 to 100%, indicating low environmental influence in the observed variation. High heritability coupled with high genetic advances as a percent of mean was observed for marketable root yield, root skin color, root beta carotene content, harvest index, vine length, vine inter-node length and above ground fresh weight, implying these characters are governed by additive gene action and selection would be rewarding for the further improvement of such traits.
1 citations
TL;DR: An on-farm experiment was conducted at Ginir, south-eastern Ethiopia, to assess the effect of NPS fertilizer rates on growth and, yield components and seed yield of fenugreek varieties, and it can tentatively be concluded that application of 150kg NPS ha-1 Ebisa and Chala varieties and 100 kg NPSha-1 of variety Burqa to be the best treatment in the study area.
Abstract: Shortage of improved varieties and soil nutrient depletion are the major production constraints of fenugreek in mid-altitude of Bale Zone in Ethiopia. Therefore, an on-farm experiment was conducted at Ginir, south-eastern Ethiopia, to assess the effect of NPS fertilizer rates on growth and, yield components and seed yield of fenugreek varieties. Factorial combinations of three fenugreek varieties (Burqa, Chala and Ebisa) and five rates of NPS (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg NPS ha-1) were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Analysis of variance showed that the main effects of varieties significantly influenced days to 50% flowering, days to 90% physiological maturity and thousand seed weight. The highest thousand seed weight (17.31 g) was recorded from variety Burqa. Variety Chala was the earliest to reach days to 50% flowering (63.27 days) while variety Burqa was the earliest (115 days) to reach 90% of physiological maturity. Similarly, the main effect of NPS showed significantly higher number of primary branches per plant (5.11), number of pod per plant (25.47) and biomass yield (7160 kg ha-1) at 200 kg NPS ha-1 while the highest thousand seed weight (18.44g) was obtained at 150 kg NPS ha-1. The interaction of NPS fertilizer and varieties showed significant effect on plant height, number of seeds per pod and seed yield. The highest plant height (53.67cm) was recorded from Chala variety at 200 kg NPS fertilizer ha-1 while the highest number of seeds per pod (11.89) was recorded from variety Burqa at 150 kg NPS fertilizer ha-1. Similarly, the highest seed yield (1980 kg ha-1) was recorded from variety Ebisa at 150 kg NPS fertilizer ha-1. The economic analysis revealed that the highest net return of (42231.67 and 40361.9 ETB ha-1) with marginal rate of return (566.84 and 542.5%) were recorded for varieties of Ebisa and Chala respectively, while variety Burqa resulted in the higher net benefit (39294.8 ETB ha-1) with the highest marginal rate of return (166.24%) at 100 kg NPS ha-1. Therefore, it can tentatively be concluded that application of 150 kg NPS ha-1 Ebisa and Chala varieties and 100 kg NPS ha-1 of variety Burqa to be the best treatment in the study area.
1 citations
TL;DR: G11 was identified as a candidate genotype to be verified in the coming main season of 2022/23 for possible release for the highlands of bale zone, Southeastern Ethiopia, and similar agro-ecologies.
Abstract: The presence of significant G*E for quantitative traits such as yield can seriously limit the feasibility of selecting superior genotypes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate grain yield stability and genotype X environment interaction for fifteen Ethiopian Mustard genotypes (Brassica carinata A. Braun) conducted in the highlands of Bale, Southeastern Ethiopia for three consecutive years (2018 to 2020) at two locations, Sinana and Agarfa. Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications was used. The combined analysis of variance for grain yield indicated highly significant interaction (P<0.01%) for genotypes, genotype X environment interaction, and environment. The analysis of variance for AMMI for grain yield revealed highly significant interaction for genotypes, genotypes X environment interaction, and environment. It was observed that 44.84% of the variation in grain yield was accounted by environment, 37.54% for genotypes by environments, and, 17.62% was for genotypes. The first and the second IPCA components with degree freedom of 34 was accounted for 67.64% of the interaction effect and revealed the two models were fit. Genotype G12, G11, G8, and G1 showed the lowest AMMI Stability Value (ASV) indicating stability. Furthermore, Genotypes G11, G12, G5, and G8 have the lowest GSI value indicating high stability. However, out of these genotypes, G11 showed a high mean grain yield with a yield advantage of 25.8% and showed the lowest GSI value compared to overall genotypes and the checks used in the study. Therefore, G11 was identified as a candidate genotype to be verified in the coming main season of 2022/23 for possible release for the highlands of bale zone, Southeastern Ethiopia, and similar agro-ecologies.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a study was conducted with the objective of characterization and classification of soil on Askate sub-watershed, northeastern Ethiopia, which revealed variation in morphological, physical, and chemical properties of the soils.
Abstract: Characterization and classification of soil is the main central information source for judicious soil management and enhance agricultural economy. Therefore, this study was conducted with the objective of characterization and classification of soil on Askate sub-watershed, northeastern Ethiopia. Four representative soil pedons were opened along topographic position and described on each identified genetic horizons basis on the field for their morphological characteristics following the soil field description guidelines. The morphological properties were examined in the field while physical and chemical properties were analyzed in laboratory. The results of the study were revealed variation in morphological, physical, and chemical properties of the soils. Soil textural classes were sandy loam to loam sandy. The bulk density ranged from 1.04 to 1.60 g cm-3. The soil reaction rated as slightly acidic to moderate acidic (5.4 to 6.7). The OM ranged from 0.41 to 3.23% while available P ranged from 0.72 to 9.36 mg kg-1 which was low to medium rate. The exchangeable bases ranged from low to medium rate in the study area. CEC was medium to high rate, which implies the medium nutrient reservoir of the soil. Finally, three soil types, Humic Cambisols, Haplic Luvisol, and Cambic Umbrisols were identified in the study area according to World Reference Base. Using the soils according to their potential and applications of integrated soil fertility managements are essential to keep the sustainability of soil fertility and nutrient availability.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the effects of blended NPS fertilizer rates and intra-row spacing on some agronomic traits of chickpea varieties with the objective to find out the optimum amount of NPS fertilization and intrarow spacing for chick pea production under midland conditions of Bale.
Abstract: Variety and location specific plant density recommendation is one of the agronomic practices used to increase the production and productivity of chickpea. However, there is a blanket recommendation across locations and varieties of chickpea in Ethiopia. Hence, Effects of blended NPS fertilizer rates and intra-row spacing on some agronomic traits of chickpea varieties were evaluated with the objective to find out the optimum amount of NPS fertilizer and intra-row spacing for chickpea production under midland conditions of Bale. The experiment was conducted using split plot design using chickpea varieties (ACOS Dubie and Habru) as main plots and NPS fertilizer rate and intra-row spacing as sub-plots with three replications. The main effect of variety showed significant effect on the number of days to mature, number of days to flower, plant height, biological and seed yield and hundred seed weight whereas, main effect of intra-row spacing did not show significant difference on all studied agronomic parameters. Similarly, main effect of blended NPS fertilizer rates did not reveal significant difference for the studied parameters. Blended NPS fertilizer rates utilized in the study areas did not show differences in most of studied traits. From this, it can be preliminarily concluded that reasonable intra-row spacing of 10 cm for both varieties of chickpea could be used for the studied areas.