Showing papers in "Alcohol in 1985"

TL;DR: Serotonin (5-HT) uptake inhibitors and desipramine, a norepinephrine (NE) uptake inhibitor, were found to significantly reduce their ethanol consumption for up to 24 hours after intraperitoneal injection, finding the mechanism by which 5-HT uptake inhibitors alter ethanol preference remains unclear.

TL;DR: There is a significant first pass metabolism of ethanol which takes place in the gastrointestinal tract and particularly in the stomach, where alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity is the highest, according to a comparison of blood ethanol concentration curves after administration of various doses through various routes in alcohol-fed and control rats.

TL;DR: Results show that hyperventilatory symptoms, anxiety and craving for alcohol appear together, and the severity of hyperventilation and anxiety symptomatology is positively correlated with the duration of physically dependent alcohol use but not with theduration of excessive drinking per se, irrespective of age.

TL;DR: The results support the assumption of subnormal activity in abstinent alcoholics and an activation during abuse in patients investigated after three months of alcohol abstinence.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that ethanol freely crosses the placental barrier, but there is a concentration gradient of acetaldehyde between mother and fetus which varies with gestation age.

TL;DR: The results suggest that an increased level of blood acetate during ethanol oxidation may be used as an indicator of enhanced ethanol elimination.

TL;DR: In addition to the differential effects of ETOH on the pulsatile release of LH and FSH, the present data indicate that these two gonadotropins have different secretory patterns.

TL;DR: This rating scale made it possible to identify a protracted subacute withdrawal phase and phases characterized by changes of mood, depressive-astenic as well as hyperactive, during long-term abstinence.

TL;DR: Individuals deficient in aldehyde dehydrogenase isozyme may consume less alcohol, as per capita alcohol consumption correlated with the frequency of isozyme deficiency and blood acetaldehyde level after alcohol drinking was found significantly higher in deficient subjects than in individuals without deficiency.

TL;DR: Results indicate that microheterogeneity of glycoproteins, serum prealbumin level and erythrocyte ALDH activity are good markers of alcohol abuse, and serum GDH/OCT ratio is the most sensitive marker of alcoholic liver injury.

TL;DR: Experimental results and theoretical considerations on the biology of alcoholism are devoted to the following topics: (1) genetically determined differences in metabolic tolerance; (2) participation of the alternative alcohol metabolizing systems in chronic alcohol intake; (3) genetic differences in functional tolerance of the CNS to the hypnotic effect of alcohol; (4) cross tolerance between alcohol and centrally active drugs; (5) dissociation of tolerance and cross tolerance from physical dependence; (6) permanent effect of uncontrolled drinking behavior induced by alkaloid metabolites in the CNS; genetically determined alterations in the function of

TL;DR: The molecular abnormality of the inactive ALDH2(2) is found to be the substitution of Glu at the 14th position from the COOH-terminal of the protein by Lys which resulted from G----A transition in the gene.

TL;DR: The results suggest that inherent differences in brain catalase activity may be one of the factors in determining an animal's propensity to voluntarily consume ethanol.

TL;DR: The data collected to date strongly support the notion that acetaldehyde is endowed with positive reinforcing properties which may play a critical role in the mediation of ethanol euphoria.

TL;DR: Although H2O2 inhibited yeast aldehyde dehydrogenase in vitro and cyanamide inhibited hepatic catalase in vivo, the possible in hepatic H 2O2 concentration following cyanamide administration does not account for the effects of cyanamide on ethanol metabolism.

TL;DR: Results show ethanol can maintain oral self administration of intoxicating quantities of high ethanol concentrations in free feeding rats, when its initial consumption is paired with an additional reinforcer.

TL;DR: Population genetic studies on the prevalence of aldehyde dehydrogenase isozyme I deficiency in various Caucasian, Oriental, African, and American Indian subjects were carried out using hair roots as peripheral source of the enzyme activity, suggesting an autosomal codominant mode of inheritance.

TL;DR: It is shown that reversible type 2b muscle fibre atrophy is a frequent finding in alcoholics and suggests that it is directly related to alcohol consumption and is not a consequence of malnutrition, vitamin deficiency or peripheral neuropathy.

TL;DR: The results indicate that zimeldine reduces the consumption of ethanol, dextrose and saccharin solutions, however, these effects on fluid consumption are not blocked by prior serotonin depletion.

TL;DR: The effects of ethanol and oxygen tensions on NADH fluorescence were additive, indicating that a greater redox shift should occur when ethanol is oxidized at oxygen tensions similar to those normally prevailing in prievenular zones than at those in periportal zones.

TL;DR: In chronically ethanol-treated mice, the pentobarbital-induced stimulation of 3H-FLU binding was reduced in the cerebellum of mice 24 hours after discontinuation of the ethanol treatment, and the significance of the present findings for the development of tolerance to and dependence on barbiturates and ethanol is discussed.

TL;DR: In the experiment of the repeated ingestion of ethanol in the deficient group, the second peak of blood acetaldehyde level was lower than that of the first one, and beta 60 and ER were not clearly elevated with the increase of ethanol dose, while those in the normal ALDH group increased depending on the blood ethanol level.

TL;DR: The data suggest that both neurohypophyseal hormones (LVP and OXT) block the early developmental phase of tolerance to ethanol, and LVP facilitated the expression of tolerance if the peptide was given to mice with fully developed tolerance.

TL;DR: Findings emphasize the important role of response contingency in ethanol tolerance; tolerance develops readily for only those effects of alcohol that repeatedly manifest themselves during the periods of ethanol exposure.

TL;DR: In 13 non-cirrhotic male alcoholics the withdrawal of ethanol caused a 4-fold increase in TXB2 formation within one week but the basal levels before ethanol withdrawal were the same as in controls, and the higher risk of brain infarction seen in alcoholics and even associated with binge drinking is discussed.

TL;DR: Results of generalization testing demonstrate that discrimination of ETOH was dose-dependent and there was no generalization between phases regardless of the initial training condition, and suggest that opiate pathways are critical for the expression ofETOH's EX phase behavioral effects.

TL;DR: The subcellular distributions of aldehyde dehydrogenase activities towards acetaldehyde have been determined in wedge-biopsy samples of human liver and the activity in the cytosol was more sensitive to inhibition by disulfiram and had alkaline pH optima.

TL;DR: Two different complementary approaches yielded similar results, namely that non-ADH pathways play a significant role in ethanol oxidation even in the presence of ADH.

TL;DR: Six male Long Evans rats, reduced to 80% body weight by food restriction, were trained to lever press using 5% ethanol and water reinforcement on a concurrent FR8 FR8 schedule and possible involvement of catecholamines in reinforcement and arousal was discussed in relation to these results.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the basal firing rate of a neuron can affect its sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of ETOH, and this relationship was not secondary to a relationship between membrane potential and latency to block.