Showing papers in "American Journal of Potato Research in 1947"
TL;DR: In this article, the Potash content of the potatoes grown at four different fertilizer levels during 1945 and 1946 was analyzed and the results showed that Potash contained the highest potash content.
Abstract: phosphoric acid, and potash content of the potatoes grown at four different fertilizer levels during 1945 and 1946.
22 citations
TL;DR: Nine vine killers were applied as sprays or dusts to potatoes at Grafton, North Dakota, at various times from the Ist of August to the 6th of September, 1946 and the amount of discoloration was positively correlated with the rapidity of kill and was less when the applications were made later in the season.
Abstract: 1.
Nine vine killers were applied as sprays or dusts to potatoes at Grafton, North Dakota, at various times from the Ist of August to the 6th of September, 1946.
2.
In the absence of dew, the dusts were not effective.
3.
Weed Killer A at 37.5 or 50 lbs. per 100 gal. of water was the most rapid killer.
4.
The effectiveness of Dowspray 66 Improved was increased by the addition of aluminum sulphate.
5.
The addition of ammonium sulphate to Sinox General and ammonium dinitro butyl phenol increased the rapidity of kill.
6.
The discoloration found in and near the vascular (conductive) tissue of tubers harvested from treated vines may or may not be a direct effect of the vine-killing chemicals.
7.
Tubers harvested from untreated, cut vines showed the same type of discoloration present in tubers harvested from vines treated with vine killers.
8.
The amount of discoloration was positively correlated with the rapidity of kill and was less when the applications were made later in the season.
19 citations
TL;DR: Infected aerial shoots were produced by the growth of mycelium from diseased seed pieces both under controlled and field conditions, and no evidence could be obtained for a saprophytic existence of the pathogen in the soil.
Abstract: Infected aerial shoots were produced by the growth of mycelium from diseased seed pieces both under controlled and field conditions. Infected plants growing in the cull pile also were incriminated as an important source of primary inoculum. The germination of sporangia ofP. infestans was markedly reduced or inhibited in soils obtained from potato fields on Long Island, due probably to the relatively high copper content of these soils. For this reason it is suggested that should overwintering spores be found they also would be unimportant in initiating the disease. No evidence could be obtained for a saprophytic existence of the pathogen in the soil. Solatium Dulcamara was the only wild perennial solanaceous plant of the eleven species inoculated on which the fungus could be induced to sporulate. It has never been found infected in its natural habitat.
16 citations
TL;DR: Potato tubers greened faster at ordinary room temperature than in a cool place and developed faster and faded less in Katahdins than in Chippewas and Green Mountains, faded faster in warm than in cool storage, and faded more after longer exposure to light.
Abstract: Potato tubers greened faster at ordinary room temperature than in a cool place. Greening, as seen through the skin, faded faster in the dark at 75° F. than at 35° F., faded somewhat in a month of dark storage after 2 to 4 days’ exposure to light, faded in 5 months only in the warm storage after 7 to 31 days’ exposure to light, and was obscured or replaced by red or brown when fading in dark storage. Cortical greening developed faster and faded less in Katahdins than in Chippewas and Green Mountains, faded faster in warm than in cool storage, and faded less after longer exposure to light. Culinary tubers if exposed to light for 2 days may require over a month in warm dark storage for fading of the green, and if exposed to light for longer periods may require several months of warm dark storage for fading of the green.
12 citations
TL;DR: The relationship of oxygen to carbon dioxide in breaking dormancy of potato tubers and the influence of CO2 on the oxygen uptake by fruits and vegetables is studied.
Abstract: 6. Thomas, J. E. and A. J. Riker. I945. Sprouting of potatoes inhibited by plant hormones. Amer. Potato Jour. 22: IO4-113. 7. Thornton, Norwood C. 1933. Carbon Dioxide Storage V. Breaking the dormancy of potato tubers. Contrib. Boyce Thompson hast. 5:47~-481. 8. . I939. Carbon Dioxide Storage XIII. Relationship of oxygen to carbon dioxide in breaking dormancy of potato tubers. Contrib. Boyce Thompson Inst. ~o: :~c,x-2o4. 9. . x933. Carbon Dioxide Storage III. The influence of CO2 on the oxygen uptake by fruits and vegetables. Contrib. Boyce Thompson Inst. 5 : 37I-4OL m. 9 t935. Carbon Dioxide Storage VIII. Chemical changes in potato tubers resulting from exposure to carbon dioxide. Contrib. Boyce Thompson Inst. 7: H3-H8.
12 citations
10 citations
TL;DR: Potato virus X was found causing mosaic symptoms in potato plants of the varieties Katahdin, Sebago, and Chippewa collected from New York State potato fields, with a considerably higher percentage of transmission with the severe type of virus X than with the mild type.
Abstract: Potato virus X was found causing mosaic symptoms in potato plants of the varieties Katahdin, Sebago, and Chippewa collected from New York State potato fields.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Bordeaux, Phygon, Fermate, Dithane, Zerlate, and Zerlate were compared to the other I2 materials tested in I945 and I946.
Abstract: sprayer, and from .the necessity of making frequent trips through the plots with the tractor. This vine damage undoubtedly contributed to the increased amount of blight observed in comparison with adjacent plots. In I945, only the Bordeaux-treated plots showed no perceptible increase in the amount of late blight after the last spray application. In addition to less vine damage, the more favorable growing conditions and the better insect control from more frequent applications of DDT contributed to the higher yields and larger tubers (per cent U. S. No. I) obtained in I946. Bordeaux and Tribasic Copper prevented a noticeable increase in the amount of late blight in i946 after the last spray had been applied. Moreover, the plants sprayed with these materials were still partially green at digging time. On the basis of yield, in I945 plots treated with Bordeaux, Phygon, Fermate, Dithane and Zerlate were superior in the order given, to the plots receiving no treatment. Bordeaux was significantly better than any of the other I2 materials tested. In I946 , Bordeaux again ranked first but Zerlate, Phygon and G-II were also significantly better than the check treatments. In both seasons, less foliage injury was caused by the organic materials than by the sprays containing copper. The failure of some of the chemicals to control late blight was due partially to the poor adherence o[ the sprays to the leaves. By comparing the control which received neither fungicide nor insecticide with the control which had received only DDT, it was evident that DDT possessed no fungicidal activity, although the chemically related G-II proved to have fair fungicidal properties.
8 citations
TL;DR: In tests conducted during 1942, 1943 and 1946, it was found that ring rot bacteria may be carried in a viable condition on burlap bags tied in bundles for periods of seven months when stored both inside and outside the cellar.
Abstract: It is generally thought that ring-rot bacteria may be carried on burlap bags for long periods of time, the length of which varies with the environmental conditions. In tests conducted during 1942, 1943 and 1946, it was found that ring rot bacteria may be carried in a viable condition on burlap bags tied in bundles for periods of seven months when stored both inside and outside the cellar. However, some of the tests were negative for this period. Where 100-pound burlap bags, previously contaminated, were hung singly by the ends and the whole surface of one side exposed to the sun, the ring-rot bacteria were greatly reduced but not completely eliminated after periods of 40 days. Similar bags placed inside, away from the sun, were found to carry viable bacteria, with little reduction, for the same period of time.
6 citations
TL;DR: As an average for all tests, eye inoculation resulted in an earlier development of ring-rot symptoms than soaking in the bacterial suspension, with the difference gradually becoming less as the season progressed.
Abstract: Experiments were started in 1945 and continued in 1946 to determine the effect of different quantities of inoculum on the subsequent development of ring-rot symptoms in the plant
5 citations
TL;DR: T H E P O T A T O A S S O C I A T I O N of A M E R I C A NEW BRUNSWICK, N.J. 0 F l * i C n a s AND EXECUTIVE COMMITT~E MARX KOEHNKE, Pre-ident...
Abstract: T H E P O T A T O A S S O C I A T I O N OF A M E R I C A NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J. 0 F l * i C n a s AND EXECUTIVE COMMITT~E MARX KOEHNKE, Pre~-ident...Nebr. Certified Potato Growers', Alliance, Nebraska W. N. IOm~A~, Vice-Preddenf . . . . . Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada Wx*. H. Mxma~. Sec.-Treaa., Editor..Agr. Exp. Sta., New Brunswick, New Jersey H. A. Rmlmy . . . . . . . . . . . . Mich. Potato Growers' Exchange, Cadillac, Michigan FP.ANK C ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Department of Agriculture, Fairhope, Alabama O. D. Btmm~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pa. State College, State College, Pennsylvania Rza~'xa BONDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Maine, Orono, Maine GEORGE LIST . . . . Colo. Agricultural and Mechanical College, Fort Collins. Colorado
TL;DR: In this paper, the efficacy of various disinfectants for the inactivation of ring rot contamination on wooden and on metallic surfaces was compared, and the results showed that copper sulfate was the most logical disinfectant to recommend by virtue of its cheapness, its general availability and its applicability to both wooden and metallic surfaces.
Abstract: Field data are presented comparing the efficacy of various disinfectants for the inactivation of ring rot contamination on wooden and on metallic surfaces. Slats of potato crates were inoculated with ring-rot ooze and disinfested in various chemicals. Cut surfaces of healthy seed were then rubbed over the slats to pick up any remaining viable ring-rot bacteria. The seed was planted in randomized replicated rows, and evidence of ring rot survival derived from wilted vines or affected tubers. Disinfectants for wooden surfaces tested in this manner were 1) copper sulfate, 2) mercuric chloride, 3) coal tar phenols, 4) alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chlorides, 5) ammoniacal solution of copper-zinc-phenol, 6) copper naphthanate, 7) chlorinated phenols, 8) N(higher acyl esters of colamino formyl-methyl) pyridinium chloride, 9) calcium hypochlorite, and 10) di-isobutyl phenoxy ethoxy ethyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride. Of these at the concentrations tested, only the first five gave complete control. Disinfectants for metalic surfaces were tested, using screws to simulate such appurtenances of potato production as planters, diggers, and graders. Inoculated and treated screws were thrust into the vascular region of healthy seed, and the seed planted and observed as in the preceding paragraph. Disinfectants for metallic surfaces tested in this manner were: 1) copper sulfate, 2) formalin, 3) alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chlorides, 4) N(higher acyl esters of colamino formyl methyl) pyridinium chloride, 5) di-isobutyl cresoxy ethoxy ethyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, 6) lauryl isoquinolinium bromide, 7) phenyl mercuri trienthanol ammonium lactate, 8) alkyl dimethyl 3, 4-dichloro-benzyl ammonium chloride pentachlorphenol, 9) sodium paratoluene sulfonchloramide, 10) calcium hypochlorite, and 11) pentachlorphenol. Of these at the concentrations tested, only the first six afforded complete control. Although other chemicals gave control equal to copper sulfate, the latter is the most logical disinfectant to recommend by virtue of its cheapness, its general availability, and its applicability to both wooden and metallic surfaces. Effective concentration for wooden surfaces was found to be 1 pound copper sulfate in 10 gallons water, and for metallic surfaces, 2 pounds in 10 gallons. Data on the 1-pound-per-gallon rate for metallic surfaces are missing.
TL;DR: Tests made in 1945 and 1946 to determine how much sterilization was necessary to rid burlap bags, 100-pound size, of ring-rot bacteria indicated that the minimum requirements for thorough sterilization of 10 and 40-sack lots are as follows.
Abstract: Tests were made in 1945 and 1946 to determine how much sterilization was necessary to rid burlap bags, 100-pound size, of ring-rot bacteria. Both 10 and 40-bag lots were tested at 5 and 10-pound pressures for periods from 5 to 45 minutes. In each case a contaminated burlap cloth was placed inside each roll and after sterilization it was used to inoculate cut surfaces of Bliss Triumph potatoes. These were planted later in field plots and the subsequent plants observed for ring rot. The results indicated that the minimum requirements for thorough sterilization of 10 and 40-sack lots are as follows: 10 bags (loosely rolled) at 5 pounds pressure—20–30 minutes. 10 bags (loosely rolled) at 10 pounds pressure—20 minutes. 40 bags (tightly rolled) at 5 pounds pressure—30 minutes. 40 bags (tightly rolled) at 10 pounds pressure—20 minutes.
TL;DR: Three years research on new fungicides especially dithiocarbamates, particularly Dithane, are not much if any better than Bordeaux mixture in the control of late blight, but they do permit the potatoes to set a larger yield.
Abstract: This paper briefly reports three years research on new fungicides especially dithiocarbamates on potatoes in Connecticut. Dithane, first tested here in 1941, and reported in 1943 has long been under test for late blight of potatoes. It has succeeded in areas like Florida where flea beetles and leafhoppers are of minor consequence. Until the advent of DDT to control these two pests, dithiocarbamates could not succeed elsewhere. The data reported herein suggest that dithiocarbamates, particularly Dithane, are not much if any better than Bordeaux mixture in the control of late blight, but they do permit the potatoes to set a larger yield.
TL;DR: In the experiments at the Lake City Experiment Station, potatoes sprayed with Dithane-zinc sulfate-lime DDT and F48-Bordow-Dethyl gave yields significanly better than those of any other materials employed.
Abstract: In the experiments at the Lake City Experiment Station, potatoes sprayed with Dithane-zinc sulfate-lime DDT and F48-Bordow-Dethyl gave yields significanly better than those of any other materials employed. It seems possible that lack of injury to the plants from these materials or this factor and the added effect of DDT may be responsible for the increased yields. Bordeaux mixture 8-12-100, Zerlate and Yellow Cuprocide Tribasic-DDT ground together and DDT alone resulted in yields higher than those of the other materials employed, although these differences in yield were not statistically significant in every case. The results of the dusting experiments, using fixed coppers in comparison with monohydrated copper sulfate-lime showed no significant differences in yield between these materials plus DDT or DDT alone. Considerable variation in yield was found between plots sprayed with the same materials in different counties in the Upper Peninsula. Using the plots of identical materials in each of three counties as added replicates of materials, there was no significant difference in yield between the various sprays. Late blight was absent in the Lake City Experiment Station tests and early blight was present in only slight amounts. In the Upper Peninsula plots late blight was present in Menominee, Schoolcraft, Marquette and Houghton counties but its development was stopped by early killing frosts before any appreciable damage resulted.
TL;DR: In this article, specific gravity and dry-matter content determinations were made on 50 tubers of both varieties of Irish potatoes grown at Baton Rouge, Louisiana and at Crossville, Tennessee.
Abstract: Specific gravity and dry-matter content determinations were made on 50 tubers of both varieties of Irish potatoes grown at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and at Crossville, Tennessee.
TL;DR: The fixed copper (tribasic copper sulfate) and an exploratory chromate compound gave best protection and best yield results in a test of 12 different materials in one locality.
Abstract: 1.
In comparison with Bordeaux mixture plus DDT, in experimental plots in 4 tests in three different localities, Dithane plus DDT gave as good results in yield and protection against late blight.
2.
In a large commercial planting in one year (1946) Dithane + DDT was inferior to Bordeaux + DDT in both blight protection and resulting yields.
3.
Due to variation in climatic conditions, spray materials vary in their effectiveness in different localities in West Virginia.
4.
The fixed copper (tribasic copper sulfate) and an exploratory chromate compound gave best protection and best yield results in a test of 12 different materials in 1946 in one locality.
TL;DR: The study indicates that moisture is a dominant factor in discoloration of cooked potatoes but its influence is upon some more directly involved component.
Abstract: Moisture, ash, manganese, iron and pH were determined on Sebago, Chippewa, Green Mountain, and Russet Rural varieties of Michigan-grown potatoes and correlated with the degree of discoloration obtained after steaming.
TL;DR: Results of treating about 3,000 bushels of potatoes a year with ethylene chlorohydrin to break the rest period have indicated that varietal differences exist, necessitating variations in the treatment of tubers to secure uniform results from the growth in Florida.
Abstract: Results of treating about 3,000 bushels of potatoes a year with ethylene chlorohydrin to break the rest period have indicated that varietal differences exist, necessitating variations in the treatment of tubers to secure uniform results from the growth in Florida. When each potato variety is treated in a certain way with respect to temperature, ventilation, and liberation of ethylene chlorohydrin, 95 per cent of the tubers produce plants large enough to furnish a virus percentage reading by the end of January.
TL;DR: Since disease-resistant plants are the most effective means of disease control, studies to determine the reaction of different potato varieties to virus Y were initiated several years ago and the results of these resistance tests are recorded.
Abstract: Potato mosaic virus Y is the cause of veinbanding mosaic, one of the three major potato mosaic diseases. It occurs in the leading potato regions in America as well as in foreign~ countries. In many varieties it is responsible for greater reduction in yield than that caused by the other two mosaic viruses, A and X. In Green Mountain and similarly susceptible varieties, virus Y causes at least a 5 ~ per cent reduction in yield whereas viruses A and X are each responsible for 15 to 3 ~ per cent losses (I , 3, 5, 13, 14). Virus Y causes a variety of symptoms in different varieties, ranging from light green and faint mottling to severe necrosis, curling, and dwarfing of the plants (8, 9, IO, II , 12, 15). Virus Y in combination with virus X produces rugose mosaic, a more severe reaction on many varieties than that produced by a single virus. Virus Y is easily transmitted by leaf rubbing and graft ing as well as by means of the potato aphid (8, 9, IO, 15). Tobacco, tomato, and certain other plants of the nightshade family are susceptible to virus Y. Virus Y can be isolated and differentiated from viruses A and X by means of potato varieties that are susceptible to virus Y but immune from viruses A and X ( I I , 12, 13). Likewise some other nightshade plants, like Jimson weed, Datura stramonium, that are immune from virus Y but susceptible to virus X can be used as differential hosts. Furthermore, virus Y differs from virus A and X in filterability, ageing, dilution, and thermal inactivation (15). Since disease-resistant plants are the most effective means of disease control, studies to determine the reaction of different potato varieties to virus Y were initiated several years ago. The results of these resistance tests are recorded in the following pages.
TL;DR: Dusts containing DDT, DDD, DMT or benzene hexachloride in mixture with CAC (Copper A Compound) fungicide were superior to standard calcium arsenate mixture for the control of flea beetles and aphids in 1946 at Arlington, Washington.
Abstract: Dusts containing DDT, DDD, DMT or benzene hexachloride in mixture with CAC (Copper A Compound) fungicide were superior to standard calcium arsenate mixture for the control of flea beetles and aphids in 1946 at Arlington, Washington. However, tuber infestation by flea beetle larvae was greater in plots treated with the DMT-CAC mixture than in plots treated with any other combination of materials.
TL;DR: Predisposition to mahogany browning varies from one commercial or seedling variety to another, the relative amount of injury as between varieties may change with the temperature of storage, and predisposition is inherited.
Abstract: Predisposition to mahogany browning varies from one commercial or seedling variety to another, the relative amount of injury as between varieties may change with the temperature of storage, and predisposition is inherited.
TL;DR: It was found that potato tubers fluorescing under the ultraviolet light, when planted, produced a considerable percentage of healthy plants.
Abstract: In an effort to determine the accuracy of ultraviolet light in detecting virus diseases of potatoes, it was found:
(1)
That potato tubers fluorescing under the ultraviolet light, when planted, produced a considerable percentage of healthy plants;
(2)
That tubers of twenty-two varieties taken from plants showing distinct leaf roll symptoms exhibited several types of fluorescence; and
(3)
That more than 50 per cent of the tubers from leaf roll plants showed a light vascular fluorescence.
TL;DR: For example, this article found that Rordeaux mixtures in which the amount of hydrated lime is not greater than one-half the amount copper sulphate are the most effective types of Bordeaux mixture against late blight of potato, and plants so sprayed give the highest yields.
Abstract: Field experiments conducted from 1943 to 1946 have shown that Rordeaux mixtures in which the amount of hydrated lime is not greater than one-half the amount of copper sulphate are the most effective types of Bordeaux mixtures against late blight of potato, and plants so sprayed give the highest yields.