Showing papers in "American Journal of Sociology in 2019"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors estimate racial/ethnic achievement gaps in several hundred metropolitan areas and several thousand school districts in the United States using the results of roughly 200 million standar...
Abstract: The authors estimate racial/ethnic achievement gaps in several hundred metropolitan areas and several thousand school districts in the United States using the results of roughly 200 million standar...
111 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine tenant exploitation and landlord profit margins within residential rental markets and define exploitation as being overcharged relative to the market value of a property, the a...
Abstract: This article examines tenant exploitation and landlord profit margins within residential rental markets. Defining exploitation as being overcharged relative to the market value of a property, the a...
72 citations
TL;DR: This article found that meaning is segregated along sociodemographic lines across a wide variety of topics and methodological approaches, using real-world data, and found that the meaning of meaning is correlated with the socio-economic status of individuals.
Abstract: Across a wide variety of topics and methodological approaches, researchers find that meaning is segregated along sociodemographic lines. Using real-world data, this article evaluates and helps reco...
71 citations
TL;DR: Highly educated women's likelihood of combining childrearing with continuous employment over the life course has increased among recent U.S. cohorts as discussed by the authors, but this trend is less evident in many post-industri...
Abstract: Highly educated women’s likelihood of combining childrearing with continuous employment over the life course has increased among recent U.S. cohorts. This trend is less evident in many postindustri...
71 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the repurposing of neoliberal policies by international institutions established to support a very different world order, and examine the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
Abstract: Since the 1980s, neoliberal policies have been diffused around the world by international institutions established to support a very different world order. This article examines the repurposing of ...
68 citations
TL;DR: The administrative ability of the state to deliver effective policy is essential for economic development as discussed by the authors, while sociologists have long devoted attention to domestic forces underpinning state capaci cation.
Abstract: The administrative ability of the state to deliver effective policy is essential for economic development. While sociologists have long devoted attention to domestic forces underpinning state capac...
63 citations
TL;DR: This article revisited the Weberian presumption of the state's monopoly on legitimate violence and conducted interviews with police chiefs in Arizona, Michigan, and New Mexico to investigate the role of race in police violence.
Abstract: Focusing on police chiefs in three states, this study revisits the Weberian presumption of the state’s monopoly on legitimate violence. Seventy-nine interviews with police chiefs in Arizona, Michig...
41 citations
TL;DR: The authors examined trends in intergenerational class mobility in China by analyzing six comparable, nationally representative surveys between 1996 and 2012, and found that the trend was positively associated with the age of the participants.
Abstract: This study examines trends in intergenerational class mobility in China by analyzing six comparable, nationally representative surveys between 1996 and 2012. Defying a simplistic, unidirectional ac...
34 citations
TL;DR: Categorical manipulation as discussed by the authors is a process in which subordinate group demands for greater access to high-status categories are met with reversals in the hierarca of the hierarchy.
Abstract: The authors propose and test the concept of categorical manipulation, a process in which subordinate group demands for greater access to high-status categories are met with reversals in the hierarc...
34 citations
TL;DR: The authors examined how exposure to violent crime events affects employers' decisions to hire black job applicants with and without a criminal record and found that exposure to nearby violent crimes reduced employers' likelihood of calling back black applicants by 10 percentage points.
Abstract: This article examines how exposure to violent crime events affects employers’ decisions to hire black job applicants with and without a criminal record. Results of a quasi-experimental research design drawing on a correspondence study of 368 job applications submitted to 184 hiring establishments in Oakland, California, and archival data of 5,226 crime events indicate that callback rates were 11 percentage points lower for black job applicants than for white or Hispanic applicants and 12 percentage points lower for those with a criminal record than those without one. Recent exposure to nearby violent crimes reduced employers’ likelihood of calling back black job applicants by 10 percentage points, whether or not they had a criminal record, but did not have the same effect on callback rates for white or Hispanic applicants.
27 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined the structural conditions that shape ethnic boundary making in the school setting and found that minority students in schools with identical ethnic compositions show different inclinations to identify as a majority group member and to form friendships with majority peers depending on the local extent of ethnic stratification across schools.
Abstract: This article examines the structural conditions that shape ethnic boundary making in the school setting. While previous work has focused on the ethnic composition of student bodies, this study places schools in their institutional and local contexts. The authors argue that the formation of identities and networks varies across local areas depending on the extent of ethnic stratification across schools. Empirically, the authors turn to the case of Germany, where the role of schools as producers of categorical inequalities is particularly obvious. The analysis links large-scale survey data on adolescents’ identification and networks with administrative geocoded information on local stratification across secondary schools. The authors find that minority students in schools with identical ethnic compositions show different inclinations to identify as a majority group member and to form friendships with majority peers, depending on the local extent of ethnic stratification across schools. To place these findin...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined organizational variation to understand the gender pay gap by examining organizational variation and found that organizational variation improved the understanding of gender pay gaps by examining the organizational variation.
Abstract: This study advances understanding of gender pay gaps by examining organizational variation. The gender pay gap literature supplies mechanisms but does not attend to organizational variation; the ge...
TL;DR: In 1950, China's new Communist government created hereditary family class labels intended to promote the advancement of households supportive of the Communist movement along with the economically and socially disadvantaged households as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: In 1950, China’s new Communist government created hereditary family class labels intended to promote the advancement of households supportive of the Communist movement along with the economically d...
TL;DR: The retrenchment of court-ordered school desegregation has been more variable and incomplete than often acknowledged, challenging common accounts that blame changes in federal policy and legal prec... as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The retrenchment of court-ordered school desegregation has been more variable and incomplete than often acknowledged, challenging common accounts that blame changes in federal policy and legal prec...
TL;DR: Social influence may lead individuals to choose what is popular over what is best, and whenever this happens, it further increases the popularity advantage of the inferior choice, compelling subsequent subsequent choices as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Social influence may lead individuals to choose what is popular over what is best. Whenever this happens, it further increases the popularity advantage of the inferior choice, compelling subsequent...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine how short-term strategies an entity can employ to improve its long-term competitiveness, concluding that U.S. corporations are too focused on shortterm performance, undermining their longterm competitiveness.
Abstract: Recent scholarship expresses concerns that U.S. corporations are too focused on short-term performance, undermining their long-term competitiveness. The authors examine how short-term strategies an...
TL;DR: Scholars who study immigrant economic progress often point to the success of Southern and Eastern Europeans who entered the United States in the early 20th century and draw inferences about whether immigrants were successful.
Abstract: Scholars who study immigrant economic progress often point to the success of Southern and Eastern Europeans who entered the United States in the early 20th century and draw inferences about whether...
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of adjudicated divorce decisions in two Chinese provinces reveals the extent to which and the reasons why Chinese courts subvert the global legal norms they symbolically embrace.
Abstract: An analysis of adjudicated divorce decisions in two Chinese provinces reveals the extent to which and the reasons why Chinese courts subvert the global legal norms they symbolically embrace. In Chi...
TL;DR: Using time-varying, prospectively measured income in a nationally representative sample of baby-boomer men, the authors find remarkable rigidity in income trajectories: less than 25% of the sample experiences significant downward mobility between ages 25 and 49, and most who move remain or move into poverty.
Abstract: Using time-varying, prospectively measured income in a nationally representative sample of baby-boomer men (the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979), the authors identify eight group-based ...
TL;DR: It is argued that, although the two concepts are related, skin tone is not simply a proxy for racial classification and transcends traditional racial boundaries, and skin tone inequality transcendstraditional racial boundaries.
Abstract: Colorism research often suffers from endogeneity issues related to human capital outcomes and researchers’ inability to compare the effects of skin tone to those of racial classification. Furthermo...
TL;DR: The authors investigated how teachers in school faculty of varying racial compositions form and use their social ties to improve the performance of black students in the classroom, using multisite ethnographic fieldwork and 103 interviews.
Abstract: This article draws on 11 months of multisite ethnographic fieldwork and 103 interviews to investigate how teachers in school faculty of varying racial compositions form and use their social ties to...
TL;DR: Using novel, longitudinally linked 1940 and 2000 census data, this paper found that between 1915 and 1970, millions of black and white southerners migrated north in search of better lives for themselves and their children.
Abstract: Between 1915 and 1970, millions of black and white southerners migrated north in search of better lives for themselves and their children. Using novel, longitudinally linked 1940 and 2000 census da...
TL;DR: The authors argue that economic development and poor health contributed to early 20th-century southern race-related differences in fertility, and link the 1910 IPUMS to poor health and economic development.
Abstract: A multiple causes perspective contends that economic development and poor health contributed to early 20th-century southern race-related differences in fertility. The authors link the 1910 IPUMS to...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that criminal conspiracies are discovered when they fail to control the leakage of incriminating information and that corporate crimes often remain secret even after crucial information leaks.
Abstract: Studies of secrecy argue that criminal conspiracies are discovered when they fail to control the leakage of incriminating information. Yet, corporate crimes often remain secret even after crucial i...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors integrate literature on social movements and migration to examine how migration shapes both the cognitive and social foundations of collective action in origin communities, using long-established models.
Abstract: This article integrates literature on social movements and migration to examine how migration shapes both the cognitive and social foundations of collective action in origin communities. Using long...
TL;DR: A large literature examines the global diffusion of institutions and policies, yet there is much less systematic research on how cultural tastes, consumption preferences, and other individual inter-individual interconnections are influenced by cultural tastes and consumption preferences as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A large literature examines the global diffusion of institutions and policies, yet there is much less systematic research on how cultural tastes, consumption preferences, and other individual inter...
TL;DR: The authors used the reading patterns of New York's earliest elites, including a significant number of the founding fathers, who checked out books from the New York Society Library (NYSL), to evaluate their reading habits.
Abstract: This article uses the reading patterns of New York’s earliest elites—including a significant number of the founding fathers—who checked out books from the New York Society Library (NYSL), to evalua...
TL;DR: In this article, women have become increasingly economically self-reliant, depending more on paid employment for their positions in the income distribution than in the past, and we know little about what happened to me.
Abstract: Women have become increasingly economically self-reliant, depending more on paid employment for their positions in the income distribution than in the past. We know little about what happened to me...