Showing papers in "American Sociological Review in 2019"
TL;DR: The role of organizations in race and ethnicity studies is explored in this paper, where organizations are seen as race-neutral bureaucratic structures, while race-and ethnicity scholars have largely neglected the role of organisations in the social sciences.
Abstract: Organizational theory scholars typically see organizations as race-neutral bureaucratic structures, while race and ethnicity scholars have largely neglected the role of organizations in the social ...
722 citations
TL;DR: The authors argue that word embedding models are a useful tool for the study of culture using a historical analysis of shared understandings of social class as an empirical case, and they argue word embeddings represent semant...
Abstract: We argue word embedding models are a useful tool for the study of culture using a historical analysis of shared understandings of social class as an empirical case. Word embeddings represent semant...
236 citations
TL;DR: In this presidential address, the authors advance a theoretical sketch on racialized emotions, the emotions specific to racialized societies, and argue that these emotions are central to the racial edifice of societies.
Abstract: In this presidential address, I advance a theoretical sketch on racialized emotions—the emotions specific to racialized societies. These emotions are central to the racial edifice of societies, thu...
220 citations
TL;DR: Survey data from a large and strategically selected segment of the U.S. workforce reveal that exposure to routine instability in work schedules is associated with psychological distress, poor sleep quality, and unhappiness.
Abstract: Research on precarious work and its consequences overwhelmingly focuses on the economic dimension of precarity, epitomized by low wages. But the rise in precarious work also involves a major shift in its temporal dimension, such that many workers now experience routine instability in their work schedules. This temporal instability represents a fundamental and under-appreciated manifestation of the risk shift from firms to workers. A lack of suitable existing data, however, has precluded investigation of how precarious scheduling practices affect workers' health and well-being. We use an innovative approach to collect survey data from a large and strategically selected segment of the U.S. workforce: hourly workers in the service sector. These data reveal that exposure to routine instability in work schedules is associated with psychological distress, poor sleep quality, and unhappiness. Low wages are also associated with these outcomes, but unstable and unpredictable schedules are much more strongly associated. Precarious schedules affect worker well-being in part through the mediating influence of household economic insecurity, yet a much larger proportion of the association is driven by work-life conflict. The temporal dimension of work is central to the experience of precarity and an important social determinant of well-being.
193 citations
TL;DR: The authors defined household labor as a set of physical tasks such as cooking, cleaning, and shopping, and defined household labour as "non-physical activities related to household management" and "household management".
Abstract: Household labor is commonly defined as a set of physical tasks such as cooking, cleaning, and shopping. Sociologists sometimes reference non-physical activities related to “household management,” b...
151 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new line of health inequality research that parallels the emerging structural racism literature is built, and the concept of structural sexism and structural racism is developed. But, it is not discussed in this paper.
Abstract: In this article, I build a new line of health inequality research that parallels the emerging structural racism literature. I develop theory and measurement for the concept of structural sexism and...
138 citations
TL;DR: Gaslighting is a type of psychological abuse aimed at making victims seem or feel "crazy" creating a "surreal" interpersonal environment as discussed by the authors. But despite the popularity of the t...
Abstract: Gaslighting—a type of psychological abuse aimed at making victims seem or feel “crazy,” creating a “surreal” interpersonal environment—has captured public attention. Despite the popularity of the t...
134 citations
TL;DR: The socioeconomic achievement gap, the disparity in academic achievement between students from high and low-socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds, is well-known in the sociology of education.
Abstract: The “socioeconomic achievement gap”—the disparity in academic achievement between students from high- and low-socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds—is well-known in the sociology of education. The...
120 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the expansion of police presence in poor urban communities affects educational outcomes, and an increasing number of minority youth experience contact with the criminal justice system, but how does the increase in police presence affect educational outcomes?
Abstract: An increasing number of minority youth experience contact with the criminal justice system. But how does the expansion of police presence in poor urban communities affect educational outcomes? Prev...
117 citations
TL;DR: The authors argued that racial disparities persist throughout the employment process, with African Americans experiencing significant barriers compared to whites, and they advanced the understanding of racial labor ma... and argued that black workers face significant barriers in their employment process.
Abstract: Racial disparities persist throughout the employment process, with African Americans experiencing significant barriers compared to whites. This article advances the understanding of racial labor ma...
91 citations
TL;DR: This paper found substantial evidence of bias against women in quantitative performance ratings of organizations, from businesses to universities, and concluded that women are disproportionately discriminated against in such ratings. But, they did not examine the bias in these ratings.
Abstract: Quantitative performance ratings are ubiquitous in modern organizations—from businesses to universities—yet there is substantial evidence of bias against women in such ratings. This study examines ...
TL;DR: In the past 30 years, cities across the United States have adopted quality-of-life ordinances aimed at policing social marginality as mentioned in this paper, and scholars have documented zero-tolerance policing and emerging t...
Abstract: Over the past 30 years, cities across the United States have adopted quality-of-life ordinances aimed at policing social marginality. Scholars have documented zero-tolerance policing and emerging t...
TL;DR: This paper found that from kindergarten through college, students perceive boys as more intelligent than girls, yet few sociological studies have identified how school processes shape students' gender status beliefs, and none have identified the role of gender stereotypes.
Abstract: From kindergarten through college, students perceive boys as more intelligent than girls, yet few sociological studies have identified how school processes shape students’ gender status beliefs. Dr...
TL;DR: Punitive and disciplinary forms of governance disproportionately target low-income Black Americans for surveillance and punishment, and research finds far-reaching consequences of such criminalizat... as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Punitive and disciplinary forms of governance disproportionately target low-income Black Americans for surveillance and punishment, and research finds far-reaching consequences of such criminalizat...
TL;DR: A recurring question in public and scientific debates is whether occupation-specific skills enhance labor market outcomes as discussed by the authors, and whether it is beneficial to have an educational degree that is linked to only one occupation.
Abstract: A recurring question in public and scientific debates is whether occupation-specific skills enhance labor market outcomes. Is it beneficial to have an educational degree that is linked to only one ...
TL;DR: This paper found that intergenerational mobility is higher among college graduates than among people with lower levels of education, and they characterized a college degree as a great e ciency for the future.
Abstract: Intergenerational mobility is higher among college graduates than among people with lower levels of education. In light of this finding, researchers have characterized a college degree as a great e...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe how proto-state organizations achieve an initial accumulation of power, such that they are in a position to grow or shrink as an organization, maintain their prestige (or lose it), and be view...
Abstract: How do proto-state organizations achieve an initial accumulation of power, such that they are in a position to grow (or shrink) as an organization, maintain their prestige (or lose it), and be view...
TL;DR: This paper found that individual preferences for same-ethnic friends contribute to persistent segregation of adolescents' friendship networks, and they know surprisingly little about the mechanisms behind ethnic homophiliac homophil...
Abstract: Individual preferences for same-ethnic friends contribute to persistent segregation of adolescents’ friendship networks. Yet, we know surprisingly little about the mechanisms behind ethnic homophil...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the moral found in predicting how individuals will behave so that they can profitably price goods and allocate resources in order to predict how they will behave.
Abstract: Corporations gather massive amounts of personal data to predict how individuals will behave so that they can profitably price goods and allocate resources. This article investigates the moral found...
TL;DR: Dual-process models are increasingly popular in sociology as a framework for theorizing the role of automatic cognition in shaping social behavior as discussed by the authors, however, empirical studies using dual-process mod...
Abstract: Dual-process models are increasingly popular in sociology as a framework for theorizing the role of automatic cognition in shaping social behavior. However, empirical studies using dual-process mod...
TL;DR: A growing body of research in sociology uses the concept of cultural schemas to explain how culture influences beliefs and actions as discussed by the authors, however, this work often relies on belief or attitude measures.
Abstract: A growing body of research in sociology uses the concept of cultural schemas to explain how culture influences beliefs and actions. However, this work often relies on belief or attitude measures gl...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that women's opportunities have been profoundly altered over the past century by reductions in the social and structural constraints that limit women's educational attainment, and do social constraints mani...
Abstract: Women’s opportunities have been profoundly altered over the past century by reductions in the social and structural constraints that limit women’s educational attainment. Do social constraints mani...
TL;DR: A growing body of research documents the importance of studying households in the top one percent of U.S. income distribution because they control enormous resources as mentioned in this paper. But little is known about these households.
Abstract: A growing body of research documents the importance of studying households in the top one percent of U.S. income distribution because they control enormous resources. However, little is known about...
TL;DR: This article examined the link between self-rated health and two aspects of gender: an individual's gender identity, and whether strangers classify that person's voice as male or female in a phone call.
Abstract: This study examines the link between self-rated health and two aspects of gender: an individual’s gender identity, and whether strangers classify that person’s voice as male or female. In a phone-b...
TL;DR: The authors studied the effect of family complexity on relationships when children are adults and parents are age-interdependent, and found that more children grow up in complex families than in simple families.
Abstract: As a result of the divorce revolution, more children grow up in complex families. Yet, we know little about how family complexity affects relationships when children are adults and parents are agei...
TL;DR: The authors examined the resemblance of earnings trajectories over the life course of success-adaptive mobility in intergenerational mobility studies, and found that the trajectories of trajectories follow a linear distribution over time.
Abstract: Most intergenerational mobility studies rely on either snapshot or time-averaged measures of earnings, but have yet to examine resemblance of earnings trajectories over the life course of successiv...
TL;DR: Racial stratification is well documented in many spheres of social life as discussed by the authors, and much stratification research assumes that implicit or explicit bias on the part of institutional gatekeepers produces dispar...
Abstract: Racial stratification is well documented in many spheres of social life. Much stratification research assumes that implicit or explicit bias on the part of institutional gatekeepers produces dispar...
TL;DR: Despite marked declines in black-white segregation over the past half century, there has been limited scholarly attention to the effects of increasing integration as discussed by the authors. This is a significant omission gi
Abstract: Despite marked declines in black-white segregation over the past half century, there has been limited scholarly attention to the effects of increasing integration. This is a significant omission gi...
TL;DR: This article studied the relationship between inter-class inequality and intergenerational class mobility across 39 countries and found that interclass inequality was positively associated with inter-generational mobility in 39 countries.
Abstract: We study the relationship between inter-class inequality and intergenerational class mobility across 39 countries. Previous research on the relationship between economic inequality and class mobili...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors study a product market in a labor market and show that culture is an important causal variable in labor market outcomes, but do the same holds for product markets?
Abstract: Recent sociological work shows that culture is an important causal variable in labor market outcomes. Does the same hold for product markets? To answer this question, we study a product market in w...