Showing papers in "Angewandte Parasitologie in 1976"

On the postcycle parasitism in helminths and its biological significance.

Abstract: A generalization of the existing data is being done in the work concerning the postcycle parasitism and the postcycle hosts in helminths. So far postcycle parasitism has been observed in various trematodes, cestodes and nematodes parasitizing the digestive tract of vertebrates. The biological significance of the phenomenon comes to the following: survival of mature helminths when they find themselves in the digestive tract of the postcycle hosts; accumulation of such helminths in some cases; and a probable promotion to convert some postcycle hosts into final hosts, too (in historical aspects).

Metacercaria in the invertebrates of the Madras coast

Abstract: In planktonic and benthic invertebrates of the Madras coast, Bay of Bengal, six Metacercariae have been reported. Four species are from planktonic intermediate hosts. They were found in Ctenophora, Leptomedusa and the gastropod Janthina. They belong to the Hemiurate, Fellodistomatidae and Lepocreadiidae. Two species are from benthic molluscs and belong to the family Monorchiidae respectively to the subfamily Halipeginae. We can expect that the adults of three species are not described.

Incidence and damages inflicted by simuliid flies in the GDR district of Schwerin

Abstract: Systematic faunal studies in the district Schwerin showed at the present time there are 3 more or less damage-biotopes existing in the districts of Perleberg, Ludwigslust and Parchim; 5 river sources can be considered as potential sources, 5 are temporary and 2 are ephemeral whilst in 3 further areas environmental influences such as effluent impairs the flow of the river and the developmental stages of Simuliidae were not observed.--The following species were found: Boophthora erythrocephala, Wilhelmia salopiensis, Wilhelmia equina, Odagmia ornata, Eusimulium aureum and Eusimulium lundstroemi.--The damage statistics covering the period 1966--1971 showed in the district of Schwerin, due to Simuliid attacks, 38 cattle died, 170 were seriously ill; in 1967 5 horses were seriously ill; in 1971, 3 pigs died and 27 were seriously ill.--The symptoms were manifested by pathological petechiae, scabs and oedema, also by insufficiency of the heart and circulatory system, diminished performance and growth disturbance. In severe cases heart and circulation failure occurred, paresis, coma and death followed.--The real economic significance of the Simuliid attacks rest with its strong and prolonged distrubance in young animals, as well as in pronounced irreparable diminished performance in diseased dairy cattle.

Application of Bathurin and borax in the biological control of Monomorium pharaonis in housing estates.

Abstract: Of two apartment houses infested with ants of the species Monomorium pharaonis, one was treated with a biological, the other with a chemical substance. In the first case we used Bathurin in combination with borax at a concentration of 1.3% for both substances. In the first week, borax was added to the bait (minced beef), within the next three weeks, the bait was mixed with Bathurin. The procedure was repeated 5 times. After this period, we achieved complete control of the ants on the infested premises.--Our results obtained with the chemical substance (the insecticide Anthrix) were less successful. This indicates that the first method, although time-consuming and requiring a perfect collaboration with all inhabitants, is safer, because it leads to the complete eradication of ants in the infested premises.

[Assitrema eichleri gen. et spec. nov., a new trematode species from the Indian Ocean].

Abstract: A new trematode Assitrema eichleri gen. et spec. nov. is described. The host is a Macrurid (Cory-phaenoidid) fish. The morphology of this flatworm is very aberrant. Therefore it was necessary to erect a new genus in POCHE family Isoparorchidae.

[Evaluation of mirex for the control of pharaoh's ants].

Abstract: The paper analyses the mode of action of the organic chlorine compound Mirex in laboratory colonies of the pharaoh's ant Monomorium pharaonis under the special view of practical use in control measures in comparison with the related insecticide Chlordecone (Kepone). Similar to Chlordecone the queens are very susceptible towards the action of Mirex. According to the regression lines of the mortality the best concentrations for practical control measures are in the range of 0.1 to 1%, respectively. Under laboratory conditions a reliable eradication is effected by an application of 0.001% Mirex over a period of three weeks. Such a treatment lead to the loss of reproductive capacity of the remaining living queens. These queens do not recover after transmission to normal colonies. The larvae were influenced in the same manner as the adults. At the recommended level of Mirex all of the larvae disappear within the first five days of application of the poison bait. Also a short termed use lead to a long lasting damage of the ant societies. Between different baits no significant difference could be demonstrated even when one bait obviously was better accepted than another. Because of the strong effect on intact colonies Mirex should be recommended for the control of this ant pest.

Ecology of syngamosis in a large scale farming area

Abstract: Within recent 20 years, Czechoslovak agriculture has undergone considerable changes due to the introduction of largescale farming. Our contribution presents the results of studies on chickens (Gallus gallus f. dom.) reared traditionally on runs in an area contaminated with the eggs of Syngamus trachea distributed with pheasant faeces. In addition to postmortem examination of 336 chicken tracheae, their faeces collected for one year from the runs were examined, but syngamosis was not found. Studies on small stocks of fowl in gardens close to the fields visited regularly by roosting, Syngamus-infected pheasants disclosed an occasional incidence of syngamosis in the chickens, none in guinea fowl, but frequent infection in young and adult turkeys. Another observation was made on a chicken stock reared inside a pheasantry. Although the incidence of infection of the pheasants with syngamosis was high throughout most of the year, an occasional infection only of the chickens was observed in three months. Postmortem examination of 254 tracheae of free-living birds disclosed that the incidence of syngamosis was highest in the pheasant. - Due to the introduction of large-scale farming, numerous biotopes formerly covered with trees and shrubs, were changed into arrable land. A considerable reduction occurred in the former high stand of partridges (Perdix perdix), while the pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) became widely distributed in agricultural areas. We studied the ecology of the pheasant in various biotopes by means of regular coprological examination without disturbance of the pheasants under consideration. Throughout most of the year the pheasant roosts on trees often growing in moist biotopes. In the morning and evening, the pheasant feeds regularly off the ground close to the roosting trees. From the spring onwards, throughout the summer any autumn, we observed at several sites a marked distribution of pheasants from the trees into the field where they roosted on the ground. The incidence of infection decreased considerably in pheasants, roosting on the ground of dry field biotopes, while in pheasants roosting in moist field biotopes, the incidence of infection increased considerably during the spring and remained at these levels throughout the summer until the autumn. A decrease in the incidence of infection was observed in late autumn. The incidence of infection was low during the winter and the beginning of the spring, but was present in biotopes with trees on which the pheasants from the surrounding areas concentrated. Free-living pheasants in a moist forest surrounded by fields with intensive large-scale cultivation showed a higher incidence of infection with syngamosis than pheasants from a forest pheasantry, in which rearing had to be discontinued for reasons of the death of chicks due to syngamosis. The incidence of infection increases with decreasing altitudes. The partridge (Perdix perdix) suffers less from syngamosis than does the pheasant from the same area...

Epidemiological and immunological study of human scabies

Abstract: The scabies epidemy being observed since 1965, had developed from persistent endemic centres and pursues continuous the cyclic course of the scabies humanis in periods of 15 to 20 years. The intracutaneous tests with antigens of Notoedres alepis show a cross antigenity with the antigens of Sarcoptes scabiei and a sensibility of patients suffering from scabies. These tests have a diagnostical value. The antigens of Notoedres alepis are free of antigens from human epidermis.--The results support the theory of immunity for the interpretation of the cyclic course of the scabies, whereas wars and social and hygienic nuisances only have a modifying influence, and promiscuity, Sarcoptotoxicity of environment and others have no deciding importance.

Effect of insecticides on larvae of Musca domestica in swine manure

Abstract: The effectiveness of four inorganic compounds and six preparations of insecticides was examined on larvae of Musca domestica in pig manure. The activity of sodiumfluoride and chlorinated hydrocarbons was low. Carbaryl indicated better effect. Good to very good results showed trichlofon and bromophos and the inorganic compounds sodium hexafluorsilicate, sodium tetraborate and calcium cyanamid. The influence of calcium cyanamid and sodium tetraborate led to considerable morphological deformations of pupae. With the latter compound and with fluorides a distinct prolongation of period of development was established in comparison with control. The effect of trichlorfon and bromophos decomposes rapily in pig manure. With trichlorfon an indirect ovicide effect was observed.