Showing papers in "Angewandte Parasitologie in 1986"

Sarcocystis alceslatrans (Apicomplexa) from a palaearctic elk (Ruminantia)

Abstract: Sarcocysts from a palaearctic moose have been studied for the first time by light and electron microscopy. Because of coincidences in morphology of the cysts, especially of the cyst wall structure and the cystozoides, with the North American species Sarcocystis alceslatrans DUBEY, 1980, they are assigned to this species.

Proteocephalus exiguus (Cestoda) as a parasite of Salmo gairdneri (Pisces)

Abstract: Proteocephalus exiguus (Cestoda) as a parasite of Salmo gairdneri (Pisces) The cestode species Proteocephalus exiguus LA RUE, 1911, not found in Salmo gairdneri until now, is recorded from this host for the first time in the GDR This species is described in detail and differentiated from P neglectus In addition to a list of findings from the lake Wolziger See in the south of Berlin, data on the incidence (up to 100% in our material) and the intensity of invasion (up to 40 helminths per fish) as well as on pathogenicity and therapy are given Problems of species determination in the genus Proteocephalus, especially from Salmonidae and Coregonidae, and the distribution and bionomy of P exiguus are discussed

[Experimental studies on the course and consequences of infection with Graphidium strigosum (Nematoda, Trichostrongylidae) in Oryctolagus cuniculus (domestic rabbit)].

Abstract: After oral infection of domesticated rabbits with 1,500 Graphidium strigosum-larvae III third-stage larvae were discovered in the stomach during the next 6 d, fourth-stage larvae from the 8th d and mature nematodes from the 34th d onwards. In 26 rabbits infected with 75...2,000 larvae III the prepatent period of Graphidium strigosum-infestation varied from 40 to 60, in most cases from 40 to 50 d. After one oral infection with 500...1,000 Graphidium strigosum-larvae III 3-month old domesticated rabbits showed no clinical symptoms, their performance was impaired but only insignificant and a population of 154 to 765 mature nematodes parasitizing in the stomach caused a gastritis catarrhalis chronica, partly a fibrosing gastritis.

Extracts from Sarcocystis gigantea macrocysts are mitogenic for human blood lymphocytes.

Abstract: Extracts were prepared from macrocysts of Sarcocystis gigantea, an animal parasite, by sonication and high speed centrifugation. Mononuclear cells were obtained from the blood of 14 adults and 5 newborns and used for transformation assays. Addition of Sarcocystis extracts (equivalent to 400 micrograms protein/ml) to these cells increased the lymphocyte proliferation approximately 71 fold over the background. The control with Pokeweed mitogen (5 micrograms/ml) gave a stimulation index of 58. There was no difference in the response to the Sarcocystis extract between the lymphocytes of adults and those of newborns. This findings show that the effect of the extract is mitogenic and not due an anamnestic reaction.

Effect of some anthelmintics on malate dehydrogenase activity and mortality in two avian nematodes Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinae.

Abstract: Cambendazole and tiabendazole at 10(-4) M concentrations caused mortality in both the parasites after 10 min and 20 min, respectively. H. gallinae was killed by 10(-4) M haloxon but A. galli remained alive even after 60 min exposure. The effect of these drugs was found to be irreversible since no resumption of activity was observed when the parasites were returned to normal saline solution. The ratio of oxaloacetate reduction to malate oxidation in the homogenates of A. galli and H. gallinae was 4.38:1 and 3.17:1 respectively. Cambendazole at 10(-3) M inhibited the enzymic activity in both directions by 100% in both A. galli and H. gallinae. 10(-3) M tiabendazole, however, inhibited the malate oxidation by 82.8 and 60.8% and oxaloacetate reduction by 76.6 and 92% in A. galli and H. gallinae, respectively. Haloxon had little effect on malate dehydrogenase activity of any of the parasite. Assay of malate dehydrogenase, following the in vitro drug treatment cambendazole and tiabendazole, exhibited moderate inhibition of the activity in both the parasites.

A Stomoxys calcitrans outbreak on a dairy farm

Abstract: In late summer and autumn of 1982 Stomoxys calcitrans disturbed cattle on a dairy farm and scourged the people working there. Both actively and passively Stomoxys calcitrans got into the cowsheds from its nearby breeding sites on open silos. The successful fly control combined sanitary measures with the application of pyrethrum insecticide aerosol.

Analysis of dust samples from the clinical environment of children with eczemas.

Abstract: Dust samples were collected and analyzed from the environment of eczematic children both in their homes and the hospital. Samples of house dust (33) contained 16 mite species and a total of 396 mite specimens. Of these, 315 specimens were members of the family Pyroglyphidae. The most abundant species of this family was Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (285 specimens). Samples of hospital dust (49) contained 7 mite species and a total of 156 mite specimens. Again, pyroglyphids were dominant, with Euroglyphus maynei as the most frequent species. Attention is given to the high percentage of pyroglyphids in house dust as producers of an allergogenic substance, and to the importance of hygienic measures. The incidence of the individual species was dependent on the locality. The analyzed dust samples provided a relatively exact information on the environment from which the sample was taken.

House dust mites in bed dust and on the body

Abstract: In the urine of a ten-year-old girl mites of the species Tarsonemus minusculus (Can et Fanz.) and Cheyletus eruditus (Schr.) were found. A following examination of the bed dust from the bed of the child produced yet two further species of house dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouess) and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schr.). The demonstration of Tarsonemus minusculus in this area is new, just as the hitherto unknown male of this species.

[Echinostoma echinatum, Notocotylus noyeri and Quinqueserialis quinqueserialis as unusual parasites of Rattus norvegicus].

Abstract: The trematodes Echinostoma echinatum, Notocotylus noyeri and Quinqueserialis quinqueserialis hare been found in the intestine of a Norway rat caught quite near water These are the first natural findings of the two last mentioned parasites in this host

[Larva migrans visceralis--occurrence of Toxocara canis in dogs in the East German district of Cottbus].

Abstract: Larvae of the nematode genus Toxocara are the main causative agents of the L.m.v. syndrom. 5,002 dogs from the Cottbus district aged between 2 and 36 months were examined. 994 animals (19.9%) were found to be infected with Toxocara canis. Dogs from a rural area have a higher infection rate (25.6%) than dogs from an urban area (15.2%). The relatively high infection rate of dogs, high egg-production and the tenacity of the development stages are factors dangerous to human health.

Susceptibility of poultry biting lice (Mallophaga) to Dipel and Bacilan (Bacillus thuringiensis).

Abstract: Dipel (Abbott Laboratories, N. Chicago, U.S.A.) and Bacilan (PPR, Walcz, Poland), commercial preparation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, containing 16,000 IU/mg were tested in vitro on Menopon gallinae (L.) and Eomenacanthus stramineus (Nitzsch). The insects were placed in feathers, in Petri plates, and sprayed with 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4 and 10% solutions of insecticides. Each concentration was tested on a group of 10 insects, in three replications. The viability was observed after 10, 20, 30, 60 min and then 10 times within 1 hr intervals. Dipel was effective in lower concentrations [LC50 = 2.2 (1.4-3.5)% against E. stramineus and 2.9 (1.8-4.6) against M. gallinae]. LC50 of Bacilan were 2.9 (1.8-4.3) for E. stramineus and 3.2 (2.5-4.0)% for M. gallinae respectively. The ingestion of microbial insecticides was proved by the presence of spores B. thuringiensis in the insects being previously exposed to indirect activity of 2.2% Dipel and 2.9% Bacilan. Moreover, the growth of B. thuringiensis colonies in the lice culture was observed. 3% Dipel solution proved to be effective in killing the insects on the host, but no earlier than after the second application within 24 hr intervals.

Trematoden aus Chionis alba und Larus dominicanus von den Süd-Shetland-Inseln (Antarktis)

Abstract: Description de Gymnophalus sp., Diplostomum antarcticum n.sp., D. dominicanum n.sp., Notocotylus chionis et Paramonostomum antarcticum

Morphological and morphometric study of the alterations on young mouse parotid gland with subpatent Chagas' disease.

Abstract: In the present study we describe the morphological and morphometric alterations induced by two Trypanosoma cruzi strains (strains Y and Bolivia) in the mouse parotid gland during the subpatent period of infection. The acinar cells of animals inoculated 27 d after birth showed reduced eosinophilia, greater chromatin condensation, reduced height, and basally dislocated nucleus. The area occupied by the acini was decreased (999.38 micron 2 to 546.76 micron 2) and the volume of the acinar cells was reduced (116.28 micron 3 to 63.28 micron 3). Reduced height (21.20 micron to 14.28 micron) and decreased nuclear volume (125.28 micron 3 to 77.28 micron 3) occurred in the striated ducts. In the excretory duct there was reduced nuclear volume (121.16 micron 3 to 76.14 micron 3) and decreased height of the epithelial cells (26.05 micron to 14.00 micron). The presence of lymphoplasmocyte infiltrates was also observed. The changes induced by the Bolivia strain were qualitatively similar to those induced by strain Y, but more severe in nature. The present results indicate that infection with T. cruzi induces delayed development of the mouse parotid gland during the subpatent phase.

[Type identity of the swine parasites Globocephalus longemucronatus and G. urosubulatus (Nematoda, Strongyloidea)].

Abstract: On the basis of a critical analysis of the literature and of our own investigations, it is pointed out that the two hookworm species known from European swine, namely Globocephalus longemucronatus Molin, 1861 and G. urosobulatus (Alessandrini, 1909), are identical. All the differences hitherto used to distinguish these species are shown to be due to incorrect descriptions of the taxonomic characters or to misinterpretations of statements made by former authors. Accordingly, only one species of Globocephalus occurs in Europe, which has to be named G. longemucronatus Molin, 1861, with Crassisoma urosubulatum Alessandrini, 1909 as its junior synonym. A short diagnosis of this species is given.

Diptera infestation of the carcasses of Arion rufus (Gastropoda) and its possible hygienic significance

Abstract: Salmonellas of different serotypes and eggs of the helminths Ascaris lumbricoides L. and Trichuris trichiura L. were discovered in excrements, on the body surface and also on dead bodies on the gastropod Arion rufus L., which is partly coprophagous. Dipterans visiting such substrate may become--probably at most indirectly--vectors of these parasites and may be injurious to the health of men and domestic animals. By traps with carcasses of Arion as baits 178 species of Dipterans of 29 families were caught, among them species known as vectors and nearly all families in which species of vector function are stated. Investigation of foodstuffs and fodder revealed the occurrence of 144 of the 178 species of Dipterans stated on carcasses of Arion, mostly visitors on foodstuffs. Many of them may have vector function due to their chains of infestation. Informations are given on the spectrum of infection with salmonellae-serotypes and species of helminths stated on Arion and on the importance of Dipterans in the destruction of small carcasses. The results suggest the necessity of complementary investigations on the occurrence of further parasites on carcasses of gastropods.

[The importance of the Musca domestica predator Ophyra aenescens (Diptera: Muscidae). IV. Biology and behavior of O. aenescens in facilities for animal production].

Abstract: Report on biology and behaviour of Ophyra aenescens on three pig fattening farms. Even a high degree of infestation does not lead to a molestation of tending staff and pigs.

Complex control of schistosomiasis.

Abstract: The main problems of complete Schistosomiasis control in endemic areas are eradication of intermediate host snails, large-scale treatment and health education of the population. Health education seems to be the most important factor in maintaining the standard of control. The introduction of very cheap, effective and fast screening methods and the development of very efficacious and easily applicable drugs have made large-scale treatment one of the most important methods of epidemiological combat. The eradication of snails has lost importance, with chemical and, to a growing extent, biological means of snail control becoming the focus of interest. In view of recent success in combating Schistosomiasis, it can be assumed that this disease will cease to be a major threat to public health in endemic areas.

Quantitative demonstration of helminth stages in municipal waste water

Abstract: Quantitative estimation of helminth stages in municipal waste waters A method for the quantitative estimation of helminths eggs in municipal waste waters is described The method is based on a modified flotation pattern combining both more accurate determination of the percentage of eggs and minimal microscopic examination The percentage of recovery was found to increase proportionally to the egg content of the sample Therefore, the methodological error does not represent a constant For getting comparable data on the contents of helminth eggs, the median or the geometrical mean should be calculated instead of the arithmetical mean usually applied