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Showing papers in "Angewandte Parasitologie in 1988"


Journal Article
TL;DR: Modification of Monogenoidea class system is suggested with due regard for new data and purely cladistic formalization and erroneous interpretation of generally accepted morphological notions will lead to incorrect conclusions.
Abstract: Existing schemes of monogenean classification are examined Modification of Monogenoidea class system is suggested with due regard for new data Monogeneans are classified in 53 families from subclasses Polyonchoinea (4 supraorders, 6 orders and 19 families); Polystomationea (1 order, 2 families) and Oligonchoinea (2 supraorders, 3 orders and 32 families) Substantiation of taxonomical changes and comments on high level taxa structure are given Cladistic views on flatworms classification are critically analyzed The results obtained in this way are not entirely new; purely cladistic formalization and erroneous interpretation of generally accepted morphological notions will lead to incorrect conclusions

33 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Examination of organs of 2,456 cattle in 8 abattoirs in both rural and urban parts of the state reveals that 642 were infected with Cysticercus bovis, with no significant difference in the prevalence of infection in cattle slaughtered for the urban and rural communities.
Abstract: The incidence of Taenia saginata cysticercosis in cattle slaughtered for meat in Imo State, Nigeria, is reported. Examination of organs of 2,456 cattle in 8 abattoirs in both rural and urban parts of the state reveals that 642 (26.14%) were infected with Cysticercus bovis. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of infection in cattle slaughtered for the urban and rural communities. An inverse relationship between the ages of the animal and prevalence of infection with C. bovis was also recorded (r = -0.8352, P less than 0.05). No significant difference in prevalence rates was recorded between the sexes. The public health implication of the findings is discussed.

18 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Irrespective of the way the sheep are kept, an infestation incidence of 11.1 to 100% with gastro-intestinal nematodes was found and in one flock even after two treatments 66.7% were still infected; therefore, suspect methods of treatment have to be avoided and a constant change of anthelmintics is absolutely essential.
Abstract: Out of 4 fenced pastures, 2 stationary flocks and 3 wandering flocks with approx. 2,000 mother sheep, 962 samples of faeces were checked for the occurrence of gastro-intestinal nematodes and lungworms. Irrespective of the way the sheep are kept, an infestation incidence of 11.1 to 100% with gastro-intestinal nematodes was found. In one flock even after two treatments 66.7% were still infected; therefore, suspect methods of treatment have to be avoided and a constant change of anthelmintics is absolutely essential. Dictyocaulus filaria occurred in 6 out of 9 flocks and was easy to be treated chemotherapeutically, whereas the protostrongyles could be reduced but were not eliminated totally. - 785 out of 4,710 slaughter sheep (= 16.7%) harboured metacestodes of Taenia hydatigena in the omentum majus. In most cases one or two specimens (= 66.6 i.e. 17.6%) of Cysticercus tenuicollis could be found, once there were even 117. 1.332 cysticercus (= 78.1%) showed ready to contract and according to these and other morphological criteria, a total of 1,416 (= 83%) were regarded to be vital and able to evoke an infection. Relating to practice, the sheep dog should always be treated at the same time as deworming of the flock takes place.

15 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Epizootiological questions were studied on a permanent pasture of a farm situated in one of the dicrocoeliasis areas in the GDR during the 1986 grazing season and parthenogenetic stages in snails were identified morphologically according to the structure of cercariae.
Abstract: Epizootiological questions were studied on a permanent pasture of a farm situated in one of the dicrocoeliasis areas in the GDR during the 1986 grazing season. Helicella obvia snails and Formica fusca ants were found to be first and second intermediate hosts respectively. A total of 1,121 snails and 70 ants were dissected. The infestation rate with Dicrocoelium dendriticum stages in snails decreased in summer after the high spring peak and increased again in autumn. Paralysed ants were found only at temperatures below 20 degrees C. Parthenogenetic stages in snails were identified morphologically according to the structure of cercariae; the metacercariae isolated from the ants' body cavity were determined in animal experiments.

7 citations



Journal Article
TL;DR: The seasonal changes in population were found corresponding to the gonadal cycle of the host, which was higher during the summer months and lower during winter months.
Abstract: 83.41% specimens of Common Myna were found infested with one to four species of Mallophaga, during the year 1984. Incidence of infestation and the indices were higher during the summer months and lower during winter months. The reasons of seasonal abundance are also discussed. Temperature seems to be one of the factors. The seasonal changes in population were found corresponding to the gonadal cycle of the host.

6 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The paper reviews the present knowledge of the Mallophaga of European mammals and eight extinct or exterminated forms of mammals in Europe are listed as hypothetical hosts of chewing louse.
Abstract: The paper reviews the present knowledge of the Mallophaga of European mammals. 50 species and subspecies have been listed in a checklist and a host-parasite list. 32 of them are still found in Europe. There have been no records so far of 21 hosts listed as hypothetical mallophagian hosts. Eight extinct or exterminated forms of mammals in Europe are listed as hypothetical hosts of chewing louse.

6 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Alimentary tract, liver, kidneys and lungs of 25 otters, died of several causes during 1982-1987 in GDR were included in helminthological investigations.
Abstract: Alimentary tract, liver, kidneys and lungs of 25 otters, died of several causes during 1982-1987 in GDR were included in helminthological investigations. Parasites were detected in 8 animals. One cestode: Taenia martis and 3 trematodes: Isthmiophora melis, Opisthorchis felineus and Pseudamphistomum truncatum are regarded to be certain parasites of this host. Other findings like Ligula intestinalis, Azygia luccii and Piscicola geometra and the fragment of a pseudophyllidean enter the alimentary tract with the food and pass through it.

6 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The authors report on the occurrence of chloroquine- and fansidar-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains and draw the necessary conclusions for recommendations with regard to the prevention of life-endangering tropical malignant malaria.
Abstract: The authors report on the occurrence of chloroquine- and fansidar-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains. From their results the authors draw the necessary conclusions for recommendations with regard to the prevention of life-endangering tropical malignant malaria.

5 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Premunition (if a hitherto unknown reservoir phase is surviving) or age resistance and/or less chance of coincidence of infective stages and older carps are supposed to be the cause of the rare occurrence of the 3 known phases in carps more than 14-15 months old.
Abstract: We observed 2 different types of the course of incidence of sporogonic phase and blood phase. Type I shows in both phases a maximum in the first summer, a minimum in winter or autumn and a second maximum between late autumn and second summer. In this case the sporulation was especially distinct with the first maximum. Type II starts in the first summer with the blood phase without occurrence of the sporogonic phase (and the swim-bladder phase), which appears only from autumn until the second summer in a form of three peaks. Here the sporulation was successful only in the third peak. Hitherto there has been no other example of that type. The course of incidence, characterized by peaks and valleys, is regarded as an expression of an internal rhythm of different phases of the parasite and not as caused by the declining of infection and by reinfection. Premunition (if a hitherto unknown reservoir phase is surviving) or age resistance and/or less chance of coincidence of infective stages and older carps are supposed to be the cause of the rare occurrence of the 3 known phases in carps more than 14-15 months old. There are some indications of the infection of carps by carps. Carassius au. auratus was ascertained as a new host for S. renicola in a field experiment.

5 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: A report on findings of Dermacentor reticulatus, a very rare tick species in the GDR, in 3 localities situated in the heath region of Düben and Dahlen (GDR districts of Leipzig and Halle).
Abstract: A report on findings of Dermacentor reticulatus, a very rare tick species in the GDR, in 3 localities situated in the heath region of Duben and Dahlen (GDR districts of Leipzig and Halle). Three adults of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks were caught by brushing over the vegetation with a flag in one of 235 places in May and September 1987. On the other hand, a total of 2,877 Ixodes ricinus ticks was found in all places. In the same year, from the same area, we also found 2 adults of Dermacentor reticulatus on a man's clothing and on a horse.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Only in F. hepatica were differences observed between the enzyme profiles of specimens obtained from the different host species, and the densitometric scans in samples from specimens from differenthost species.
Abstract: The MDH isoenzymes and ME isoenzymes (EC.1.1.1.39) in two helminth parasites, F. hepatica and D. dendriticum, obtained from two host species (Capra hircus and Ovis aries), were studied by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. F. hepatica MDH showed three isoenzymatic bands; D. dendriticum MDH, only two. No difference was noted between the enzyme profiles, or the densitometric scans in samples from specimens from different host species. F. hepatica ME presented three bands, that of D. dendriticum, only two. Only in F. hepatica were differences observed between the enzyme profiles of specimens obtained from the different host species.

Journal Article
TL;DR: It can be predicted hypothetically that the amount of pest control measures in farm animals will increase in the near future to eliminate arthropods as causes of skin diseases and of damages to hides entailing negative effects on leather processing and as vectors of important infection agents.
Abstract: In continuation of a publication on "Large-scale management systems and parasite populations: ectoparasites" in Vet. Parasitol. 11 (1982): 61-68, advances and present state of the control of ectoparasites in herds of cattle, sheep and camels are discussed. An intensified animal production necessitates permanent veterinary control of the status of ectoparasites. Strategically, control is basically directed towards achieving three aims: eradication, reduction of losses by means of dilution of ectoparasites regulations, and therapeutic measures. In the last few years, important progress has been made in effective ectoparasites control, mainly resulting from the discovery of new insecticides and acaricides, the improvement of the application techniques and the recent results in the biological control of arthropods; finally, an immunological approach will open new alternative ways of control. The control of mange and demodicosis in cattle; sarcoptic mange and sucking lice infestations in pigs; mange, biting lice infestations and nasal bots in sheep; ectoparasite infestations in camels and tick infestations are the main topics of the paper. The discovery of Ivermectin, a derivate of Streptomyces avermitilis which is now already fully integrated in to the spectrum of antiparasitic drugs, created a new generation of broad spectrum insecticides/acaricides. Current problems of the chemical control of arthropods, like the risk of residues in meat, milk and their products, the insecticide resistance and the possible environment pollution are critically outlined. But on the other hand, it can be predicted hypothetically that the amount of pest control measures in farm animals will increase in the near future to eliminate arthropods as causes of skin diseases and of damages to hides entailing negative effects on leather processing and as vectors of important infection agents. Finally, the proposal is submitted to elaborate international control programmes against ectoparasite species of global importance.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Neither the exact identification of the Sphaerospora species has been possible, nor the final proof, whether the luminal form, the hitherto undescribed extraluminal forms and PKX belong to one another.
Abstract: For the first time in Europe simultaneous occurrence of PKX and Sphaerospora sp. is recorded in Salmo gairdneri. Myxosporidian (?) forms hitherto not described have been observed in the kidney interstitium and the epithelium of the renal tubules, sporadically also in the swimbladder wall and the intestinal wall, besides the typical PKX organism in the kidney interstitium. Sporogonic stages and spores of a Sphaerospora species have been found in the lumen of the renal tubules. Neither the exact identification of the Sphaerospora species has been possible, nor the final proof, whether the luminal form, the hitherto undescribed extraluminal forms and PKX belong to one another.

Journal Article
TL;DR: It is proved that about 75% of pike-perch migrate between the areas of the Peenestrom and the Bay of Greifswald, where the high extent of Achtheres percarum infestation of fish causes serious damage to the gill filaments in a number of cases.
Abstract: In pike-perches 20 species of parasites were stated: Protozoa (1), Monogenea (1), Cestoda (2), Trematoda (8), Nematoda (3), Acanthocephala (2), Hirudinea (1) and Crustacea (2). The high extent and intensity of parasitation Bunodera luciopercae in pike-perches of the Oder Bay are striking, a fact which may inhibit their growth and development. Parasitological investigation (infestation of pike-perch with Brachyphallus crenatus and Anisakis spec. larv.) has proved that about 75% of pike-perch migrate between the areas of the Peenestrom and the Bay of Greifswald. The high extent of Achtheres percarum infestation of fish causes serious damage to the gill filaments in a number of cases. The studies carried out to date have shown that parasite infestation of pike-perch has no negative effect on its edibility.


Journal Article
TL;DR: Miracidia of Fasciola gigantica have a maximum longevity of 9 h and the instantaneous mortality rate increased exponentially with miracidial age and pesticide treatment, which was enhanced by synergism between the pesticides.
Abstract: Miracidia of Fasciola gigantica have a maximum longevity of 9 h. Miracidial survival was found to be age dependent and the instantaneous mortality rate increased exponentially with miracidial age and pesticide treatment. Mortality of the pesticide-treated miracidia differs significantly from that of the control. The LC50 value for Hexadrin was calculated at 1.93 ppm and for Gramoxone at 0.75 ppm. Dosage-mortality lines when tested statistically show no significant difference between the two pesticides at 95% level of confidence. The toxic effect of the pesticides was enhanced by synergism between the pesticides.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Results show that at sublethal concentrations they cause prolongation of embryonic processes and inhibition of hatching of miracidia, and at 4 ppm and 5.5 ppm the pesticides achieve 99.0% mortality of eggs.
Abstract: The effect of two chemical compounds commonly used in agriculture, Gramoxone (a herbicide) and Hexadrin (an insecticide) on embryonic development and hatching of Fasciola gigantica miracidia were experimentally assessed. These two pesticides were introduced in varying quantities into petri dishes containing unembryonated eggs of the trematode for a period of 30 days. LC50 (lethal concentration for 50% hatching) values were determined for them. For gramoxone it was 2 ppm and for Hexadrin it was 2.5 ppm. Results also show that at 4 ppm and 5.5 ppm the pesticides achieve 99.0% mortality of eggs. At sublethal concentrations they cause prolongation of embryonic processes and inhibition of hatching of miracidia.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Between 1980 and 1985 a total of 17,290 faecal specimens were examined for intestinal Protozoa at the Institute of Hygiene, District of Rostock, GDR.
Abstract: Between 1980 and 1985 a total of 17,290 faecal specimens were examined for intestinal Protozoa at the Institute of Hygiene, District of Rostock, GDR. The samples were taken from GDR citizens travelling to tropical or semitropical regions, from foreigners from these regions visiting Rostock District, and from the local population. Intestinal Protozoa were found in 5.78%, 20.80% and 6.43%, respectively. 9 different species were diagnosed: Entamoeba coli, E. hartmanni, E. histolytica, Endolimax nana, Jodamoeba buetschlii, Giardia lamblia, Dientamoeba fragilis, Chilomastix mesnili, Trichomonas hominis.


Journal Article
TL;DR: The fusion experiments have shown that both schemes of immunization approximately result in the same number (16 and 14% respectively) of hybridoma cell lines producing antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies.
Abstract: Hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibody to Toxoplasma gondii have been developed. Two groups of 10 female BALB/c mice each were immunized either over a shorter (71 d) or longer (117 d) period at first with Toxoplasma lysate antigen and afterwards with intact tachyzoites of the RH strain. Higher titres of antibody were obtained with the long-period immunization. The fusion experiments have shown that both schemes of immunization approximately result in the same number (16 and 14% respectively) of hybridoma cell lines producing antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies. Hybridoma cultures secreting antitoxoplasma monoclonal antibodies were screened parallel by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). 16 of the hybridoma cell cultures produced positive results only in the IFAT, 112 reacted only in the EIA and 21 were positive in both tests. The monoclonal antibodies 5B10, 5G6 and 1B2, which are positive in the IFAT form a chemical compound with the major antigens on the surface of RH tachyzoites. The patterns of fluorescence produced by these monoclonal antibodies are in conformity with those produced by using polyclonal sera of Toxoplasma gondii infected hosts (mouse, rabbit, man).

Journal Article
TL;DR: The infection probably took place on a horse pasture in Fürstenwalde, Frankfurt (O.) region, grazed also by roes, the main hosts of H. diana.
Abstract: In January 1987 7 larvae of Hypoderma diana were found in a donkey. The infection probably took place on a horse pasture in Furstenwalde, Frankfurt (O.) region, grazed also by roes, the main hosts of H. diana.

Journal Article
TL;DR: A new trematode, Plagioporus gonii sp.
Abstract: A new trematode, Plagioporus gonii sp. n., is described from the fish Labeo gonius of Kalri Lake, Sind, Pakistan. This species is characterized by possessing round, subterminal oral sucker; small prepharynx; pharynx subglobular; oesophagus short; acetabulum larger than oral sucker; caeca simple; testes subspherical to irregular in shape; ovary irregular in shape; vitellaria rounded, follicular, extending little behind intestinal bifurcation to the end of the body, interrupted on one or both sides at the level of the acetabulum; cirrus sac preacetabular; genital pore posterior to intestinal bifurcation; and eggs 0.071-0.078 by 0.033-0.042 mm in size.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The entire shape, surface structure and the details in operculum of the eggs of Paragonimus westermani imported to Czechoslovakia by one Korean and three Vietnamese were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy with emphasis on differential diagnostics.
Abstract: The entire shape, surface structure and the details in operculum of the eggs of Paragonimus westermani imported to Czechoslovakia by one Korean and three Vietnamese were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy with emphasis on differential diagnostics. Differences distinguishing eggs of P. westermani from other species of this fluke parasitizing in man are briefly discussed.