Showing papers in "Animal Behaviour in 1984"

TL;DR: This book is based on a symposium organized by the Entomological Society of America in 1980 and will prove to be an important book in bringing together recent research on the mating systems of orthopterans, and discussing their behaviour in the light of current theory in behavioura].

TL;DR: This paper found that rhesus monkeys on Cayo Santiago (Puerto Rico) give five acoustically distinct scream vocalizations during agonistic encounters, with each of the five acoustic types significantly associated with a particular class of opponent and level of physical aggression.

TL;DR: Critically review several frequently cited examples of differential dispersal, and conclude that 'other factors', such as intrasexual competition and territory choice, explain these observations more consistently than does the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis.

TL;DR: It is concluded that neither the sensory template theory nor the current descriptions of the sensitive phase are adequate, without modification, to provide an understanding of song development in the white-crowned sparrow.

TL;DR: Three factors proved to be of major impor- tance in the cost-benefit analysis of helping as opposed to leaving for family-independent non- reproductive aggregations: investment, mortality risk and protection.

TL;DR: It is concluded that (a) breeding is superior to helping and helping superior to doing nothing and (b) that kin-selection must be invoked to explain why surplus males choose the more costly primary helper strategy instead of the cheaper secondary helper strategy.

TL;DR: Turnstones, Arenaria interpres, and purple sandpipers, Calidris maritima, show very similar increases in the level of vigilance with decreasing visibility, but achieve these increases by different means: turnstones lengthen the duration of each vigilant scan, while purple Sandpipers scan more often.

TL;DR: French grunts (Haemulon flavolineatum) exhibit social traditions of daytime schooling sites and twilight migration routes, the first demonstration of apparent pre-cultural behaviour in free-living fish.

TL;DR: In this paper, resource access in groups of non-kin willow tits, Parus montanus, was related to social rank, and first-year subordinates behaved as predicted for hopeful dominants.

TL;DR: The maternal behaviour of three species of voles was compared using a semi-naturalistic laboratory system, and the physical parameters of pup development, including eye opening and the development of fur, were similar in all three species.

TL;DR: It is concluded that food calls are semantic signals (or symbols) that evoke the same response (rapid direct approach) as seeing the external referent of the calls (a source of abundant food) itself would.

TL;DR: In this article, the concept de triver de l'investissement parental is defined and discussed. But the definition of triver is not defined. And the concept of trivers is not discussed.

TL;DR: Analysis of 452 songs indicates that all syllables were assembled from the same species-universal set of note types, consisting of six basic categories, and it appears that song dialects can be defined in the swamp sparrow by reference to these features.

TL;DR: Theoretical models of foraging behaviour should recognize that ectotherms have limited endurance, that there can be a trade-off between speed and endurance, and that pre-feeding can reduce some aspects of locomotor capacity.

TL;DR: The results support the hypothesis that the fish used the relative payoff sum (RPS) learning rule (Harley 1981; Regelmann 1984) and it is compatible with the RPS learning rule that theFish reached their decision as quickly whether they were supplied with prey regularly or irregularly.

TL;DR: In playback experiments, geckos exhibited positive phonotaxis to broadcast cricket calling song, which indicates that gecko orient to and approach male cricket calls, even though the crickets call from burrows where they are protected from the gecko.

TL;DR: This is the first study to examine the heritability of antipredator behaviour in any terrestrial vertebrate species and snakes became more defensive when simulated predator attacks were more severe, but they became more offensive when tested at a lower temperature.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the function of the variation in width of the breast stripe plumage is to proclaim the social status of the individual.

TL;DR: Sticklebacks from populations at high risk from either predatory fish or birds showed higher fright response scores than fish from low risk sites, and adult male sticklebacks are bolder than adult females during interactions with predators.

TL;DR: As downy woodpeckers spend less time on vigilance, they devote more time to foraging, thereby increasing their foraging efficiency.

TL;DR: The role of sex-controlling behaviour at oviposition in generating primary sex ratio, and the effect of larval competition on secondary sex ratios, were studied in the gregarious endoparasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss some of the ethical issues raised by studies of predator-prey and aggressive interactions when these involve artificially-staged encounters, and propose that the use of model predators should be considered, the number of subjects kept to a minimum and the experiments made as short as possible.

TL;DR: Differences in foraging strategy among the fish contributed to the observed in-equality in individual payoffs within patches, since individual fish differed in their competitive abilities for limited food resources, which resulted in unequal payoffs among individuals within each patch.

TL;DR: Results confirm two necessary conditions of a model for balancing feeding rate and predation risk (Milinski & Heller 1978) and assume that there is a cost of attacking high density swarms of prey due to the limited channel capacity of the nervous system in processing sensory information.

TL;DR: Experimental results show that chickadees do incorporate these kinds of information in memory for cache sites, and that memory for storage sites, if used by black-capped chickadee, is predicted to have four properties.

TL;DR: The results indicate that male H. ebraccata respond to other males in a chorus in ways which enhance their ability to attract mates.

TL;DR: The behaviour of 25 tethered sows in an intensive piggery was observed for 1 h before and 1 h after the delivery of food to determine if behavioural stereotypies appeared as adjunctive behaviours as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: Feeding rates at small carcasses in the Namib Desert are approximately equal to those reported in East Africa, but at large carcasses Namibia Desert spotted hyaenas feed significantly more slowly, and lower-ranking individuals eventually gain access to large carcass but are excluded from smaller ones.