Showing papers in "Animal Behaviour in 1989"

TL;DR: Several designs commonly used for playback or tutoring experiments are illustrated, and changes in design are suggested that would increase the number of independent samples and would thus improve the reliability and external validity of the experimental work.

TL;DR: The good parent process is validated by a haploid population genetic model, which suggests that increases in the frequency of good fathers in the population and phenotypic plasticity of the trait enhance the evolution of a good parent trait.

TL;DR: Bluegills modified their behaviour more than minnows in response to predators, thereby avoiding predation at high plant densities, and may seek vegetated areas if appropriate, vulnerable prey are present.

TL;DR: The energetic expenditure of displaying male sage grouse was measured for 18 individuals in the field using the doubly labelled water technique and neither blood parasites nor the potential effects of other diseases as determined by haematocrit levels were associated with display effort.

TL;DR: Comparison of well-studied arthropod species indicates that assortative mating is most closely associated with the pattern of large size of paired males and females relative to unpaired Males and females and the occurrence of long pairing durations and male fighting.

TL;DR: Tadpoles of four anuran species show interspecific behavioural differences that could explain differential predation on these species in artificial ponds, and baseline prey activity levels may be more important than shifts in activity levels in response to predators in determining differentialpredation.

TL;DR: A quantitative method for measuring the information capacity of an animal's ‘signature system’, i.e. the set of cues by which individuals are identified, is developed and may prove valuable for comparative analyses where evolutionary hypotheses predict one species to have a better developed signature system than another.

TL;DR: It is concluded that females should theoretically mate approximately every 10th day for maximal survival and fecundity and that multiple matings are not beneficial to females per se, however, females frequently mate several times every day.

TL;DR: It is predicted that sex differences in spatial ability will evolve only in species where range expansion contributes differentially to the reproductive success of males and females, and this prediction was tested via field studies of ranging behaviour and laboratory studies of spatial ability in two congeneric rodent species whose mating systems differ.

TL;DR: Male guarding of females, male mating success and female choice were studied for 8 years among a population of African elephants and the behaviour of oestrous females resulted in their mating with males who were old, vigorous and healthy.

TL;DR: Musth may be a case where information about resource value is conveyed in elephants, since, unlike most other rutting mammals, elephants have asynchronous sexually active periods, resource value varies both with age and the fluctuating sexual state of a particular individual.

TL;DR: Mate choice and mating success were investigated in a natural population of the redlip blenny, Ophioblennius atlanticus, and a computer simulation showed that males mating selectively should obtain eggs at a faster rate than males mating indiscriminately.

TL;DR: The cache recovery behavior of Clark's nutcrackers, Nucifraga columbiana, pinyon jays, Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus, and scrub jays was studied following each of two types of caching sessions.

TL;DR: The most widely accepted explanation for the mating systems of passerine birds is polygyny is proposed to arise through female choice and cooperative polyandry through male choice as mentioned in this paper, however, there is confusion about what these models predict; a variety of patterns of settlement and reproductive success would occur depending on the assumptions made about the costs of sharing and the distribution of choices available.

TL;DR: In this article, marked workers were observed in the course of perturbations that increased the numbers engaged in one activity, such as foraging, patrolling, nest maintenance and upkeep of the colony refuse pile.

TL;DR: Schools of predominately large fish and predominately small fish were used to determine if odd-sized fish were eaten by large mouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, more often than other school members, and there was strong evidence for size segregation.

TL;DR: It is suggested that visual isolation, especially if vocal interaction is also disallowed, allows the young birds to go through the normal song development but is inadequate for song elements that are heard to be used.

TL;DR: Observations were made of social and territorial behaviour in a wild high-density population of Mongolian gerbils, which included multi-male, multi-female age-structured groups, judged to be families, and some cross-species comparisons are made.

TL;DR: A close link between intrasexual competition for breeding territories, natal dispersal and population regulation is suggested, and neither distance moved nor relatedness of the first mate were related to lifetime reproductive success.

TL;DR: The seasonal pattern of scrub jay sentinel behaviour suggests that it functions primarily for predator detection, especially of raptors.

TL;DR: Analysis of sperm competition in domesticated zebra finches breeding in captivity showed that single extra-pair copulations could fertilize eggs and that sperm from the last male to mate had 70–80% precedence over previous matings.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the scent-marking patterns of radio-collared and visually identifiable tigers for four years in Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal and found that urine spraying and scraping were the predominant forms of marking in this population.

TL;DR: Acoustic differences appeared in the spectral structure of the D-note of this complex call, especially in the frequency difference between adjacent overtones and in the bandwidth, which are attributable to specific physiological mechanisms of production.

TL;DR: The comparison of behaviour in open and closed economies leads to a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the economies as experimental procedures, and a general conclusion is that open economies are more suitable for studies of foraging behaviour, andclosed economies areMore suitable for time allocation studies when activities other than foraging are also important.

TL;DR: Half-hour repertoire size, which may represent an ecologically more relevant measure of repertoire size perceived by a transient listener, was also positively related to territory tenure and annual reproductive success, suggesting listeners might be able to assess a singing male's competitive ability without sampling the entire repertoire.

TL;DR: Human ejaculates varies in accordance with Sperm Competition Theory, and it is concluded that Deformed sperm are probably not adaptive.

TL;DR: In this paper, a new look at klinokinetic and orthokinetic mechanisms was proposed and their respective contributions to the phenomenon of animal aggregation in the most suitable areas of the environment were specified, showing how animals can orient themselves in relation to a stimulation gradient or exploid patchy environments using simple kinetic mechanisms.