Showing papers in "Animal Behaviour in 1995"

TL;DR: In a wide range of animal species, males coerce females to mate with them, either physically forcing them to mate, by harassing them until they mate or by punishing persistent refusal to mate as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: A negative relationship between group size and levels of individual vigilance is widespread in socially feeding vertebrates as discussed by the authors. And the main explanation of this "group-size effect", the many-eyes hypothesis, is based on the simple premise that as group size increases, there are progressively more eyes scanning the environment for predators.

TL;DR: In the Selous Game Reserve, Tanzania, wild dog pack size ranged from three to 20 adults (3–44 including yearlings and pups), data showed that hunting success, prey mass and the probability of multiple kills increased with number of adults.

TL;DR: In this paper, a randomization test is developed for assessing the significance of linearity or non-linearity in a set of observed dominance relationships, in particular if this set contains unknown or tied relationships.

TL;DR: In this article, a model relating social learning to social dynamics among members of a group is presented, and three key hypotheses of the model are (1) behavioural coordination in time and/or space supports the process of social learning; (2) different kinds of coordination differentially support acquisition of different types of information; and (3) the various forms of behavioural coordination will be differentially affected by social dynamics.

TL;DR: The higher the SMR, the more dominant the fish, and this results indicate an indirect link between intraspecific variation in metabolic rates and life-history strategies.

TL;DR: Observed patterns of character change within sets of close relatives suggest a focus for process-oriented research by identifying the origin and direction of important changes in calling behaviour.

TL;DR: It is suggested that host egg variability is a major constraint on the learning mechanism of egg recognition, and justifies a prolonged learning mechanism in which a host can learn to recognize the variation range of its own eggs.

TL;DR: A survey of 48 conceptual and operational definitions of territoriality found in the literature is presented in this article, where the authors used up to three criteria to define territoriality: defended area, exclusive area, and site-specific dominance.

TL;DR: A number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain why and when individuals may divorce, these are scattered throughout the literature and have not been critically compared and contrasted either theoretically or empirically.

TL;DR: Influences such as early experience or ‘sensory bias’ that may lead to a particular sexual sensitivity of female canaries to these types of song phrases are discussed.

TL;DR: The proportion of a woman's copulations associated with orgasm is predicted to be associated with her partner's fluctuating asymmetry, and a questionnaire study of 86 sexually active heterosexual couples supported this prediction.

TL;DR: The purpose of this note is to make explicit the decisions involved in using simultaneous inference and to suggest some practical guidelines for handling multiple statistical tests in behavioural research.

TL;DR: In this paper, the presence of intruder male lions elicited cooperative behaviour of male coalitions resident with prides of females, and this cooperation is not conditional on either kinship or the behaviour of a male's companions.

TL;DR: Per capita predation risk is lower than in small shoals, and joining larger shoals should be advantageous for individual guppies, but cichlids would do better in terms of hunting success by attacking small rather than large shoals.

TL;DR: The structure and pattern of the echolocation signals were similar in the three pipistrelles, and in the approach and terminal phases, pulse duration and pulse interval decreased with the approach to the target, while bandwidth and sweeprate increased.

TL;DR: Evolution of lingual morphology and behaviour and of the vomeronasal system for enhanced efficiency of active foraging suggest that foraging behaviour may have driven much of the diversification of squamate reptiles.

TL;DR: Male fighting behaviour is studied in two species vulnerable to predation, Nannacara anomala, a South African marsupial species and a North American black-winged Pratincole.

TL;DR: The authors found that high-ranking females were less likely to supplant more subordinate females, and more likely to engage in friendly interactions with them, when they grunted to their lower-ranking partners than when they remained silent.

TL;DR: The first underwater study of seahorse reproduction reveals that males and females of an Australian species (Hippocampus whitei) form pairs that mate repeatedly and exclusively.

TL;DR: The observation of fractal time variability in animal behaviour may illuminate the processes that produce activity and lead to Levy flight patterns of movement, which produce efficient searches.

TL;DR: Honey bees were trained along a row of four identical landmarks which were equally spaced in a set-up 300 m long, the feeder being placed between the third and fourth landmarks.

TL;DR: In this article, three capuchin monkeys, Cebus apella, were tested on object-choice tasks in which the correct (i.e. baited) object was indicated by the experimenter during the response period on half of all trials.

TL;DR: If a piglet's calls provide reliable information about its need for the sow's resources, then this calling can be used as a measure of its welfare, which is consistent with theoretical models of honst signalling.

TL;DR: Females were much less likely than males to attack conspecifics when food was plentiful, and females fought more often, and more successfully, than males for the contested resource.

TL;DR: Group size and anti-predator behaviour of red colobus monkeys, Colobus badius tephrosceles, were studied in relation to predation by chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, in Gombe National Park, Tanzania.

TL;DR: The finding that the emissions of juveniles differ from those of adults and that the repeatability of sonar signals improves with the age of the juvenile suggests that acquisition of a stable, adult-like signal requires several months, well beyond the time young start flying, at about 1 month.

TL;DR: In this article, the hypothesis that communal nesting provides protection from conspecific infanticide was tested and supported in semi-natural populations of house mice, and it was shown that the survival advantage of communal nesting and nursing does not require communal nursing, and no direct benefits to communal nursing itself were tested.

TL;DR: In this paper, the responses of experienced and naive New Zealand robins, Petroica australis, to an introduced mammal (the stoat, Mustela erminea) were compared.

TL;DR: Results from randomization tests demonstrated that the individual workers in L. unifasciatuscolonies had movement zones of limited area where each worker performed the tasks within her spatial fidelity zone, which was flexibly organized along the continuum of SFZs.