Showing papers in "Annals of Botany in 2015"

TL;DR: The diversity of osmolytes among halophytes and their distribution within taxonomic groups, the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence their accumulation, and their role in osmoregulation and osmoprotection are discussed.

TL;DR: The evolution of salt tolerance in halophytes, their life-history traits and progress in understanding the molecular, biochemical and physiological mechanisms contributing to salt tolerance are summarized.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the evidence for Na+ and Cl− toxicity and the concept of tissue tolerance in relation to halophytes and suggest that halophyte tolerate cytoplasmic Na+/Cl− concentrations of 100-200mm.

TL;DR: The different roles of lignin for the function of each specific plant cell type are clearly illustrated by the multiple phenotypic defects exhibited by knock-out mutants in lignIn synthesis, which may explain why no general mechanism for lignification has yet been defined.

TL;DR: It is argued that inconclusive, unexpected, or counter-intuitive results should be embraced in order to understand apparent disconnects between theory, prediction, and observation, and that the need for ecologists to conduct community-level experiments in systems that replicate multiple aspects of ACC is highlighted.

TL;DR: The ability to tolerate large tissue Se concentrations is primarily related to the ability to divert Se away from the accumulation of selenocysteine and selenomethionine, which might be incorporated into non-functional proteins, through the synthesis of less toxic Se metabilites.

TL;DR: The value of S. salsa as a source of food, medicine and forage, and its uses in the restoration of salinized or contaminated land and as a sources of salt-resistance genes are considered.

TL;DR: Herbivores have evolved diverse strategies to decrease the negative effects of plant defences in order to maximize the conversion of plant material into offspring, and the ability to suppress induced plant defences appears to occur across plant parasites from different kingdoms.

TL;DR: Knowing the mechanisms by which ROS influence seed physiology will provide insights that may not only allow the development of seed quality markers but also help to understand how dormancy can be broken in several recalcitrant species.

TL;DR: The results indicate that leaf senescence has been delayed over time and in response to temperature, although low-latitude sites show significantly stronger delays insenescence over time than high-latitudes sites.

TL;DR: Halophytic plant species are able to cope with several abiotic constraints occurring simultaneously in their natural environment and some halophytes promising candidates for further management of heavy-metal-polluted areas in both saline and non-saline environments.

TL;DR: This review critically analyses past and present halophyte-based production systems in the context of genetics, physiology, agrotechnical issues and product value.

TL;DR: A better understanding of germination and seedling establishment is needed for conservation of orchid populations, because the germination niches in orchid species are extremely complex and varied.

TL;DR: Much is still unknown about the regulation of water uptake in mangroves, such as how they sense and respond to heterogeneity in root zone salinity, the extent to which they utilize non-stomatally derived CO2 as a water-saving measure and whether they can exploit atmospheric water sources.

TL;DR: In this article, the root plasmatic membrane potentials of Atriplex lentiformis (saltbush) and Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa) were compared with data obtained from Arabidopsis thaliana roots.

TL;DR: Peroxisomes can be regarded as a highly important decision-making platform in the cell, where ROS and RNS play a determining role and trigger rapid and specific responses to environmental cues involving changes in peroxisomal dynamics as well as ROS- and NO-dependent signalling networks, although the mechanisms involved have not yet been established.

TL;DR: Given that Mn is terrestrially ubiquitous, it is imperative that the heightened risk of Mn toxicity to both managed and natural plant ecosystems be factored into evaluation of the potential impacts of global climate change on vegetation.

TL;DR: The RNS profile reported here indicates that ripening of pepper fruit is characterized by an enhancement of S-nitrosothiols and protein tyrosine nitration, which would promote lipid peroxidation, as has been reported in ripe pepper fruit.

TL;DR: The diverse evidence indicates that northeastern Africa is the centre of origin of the dessert watermelon, that watermelons were domesticated for water and food there over 4000 years ago, and that sweet dessert waterMelons emerged in Mediterranean lands by approximately 2000 years ago.

TL;DR: In this paper, the interplay of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) was assessed in the root systems of two Brassica species under high concentrations of Zn.

TL;DR: It is suggested that AOX1A plays a significant role in sustaining the chloroplastic redox state and energization to optimize photosynthesis by regulating cellular redox homeostasis and ROS generation when electron transport through the COX pathway is disturbed at complex III.

TL;DR: Diversification analyses show that epiphytism is most strongly associated with diversification among epidendroids, followed by expansion into the New World and anther characters that are involved with pollinator specificity, namely early anther inflexion, cellular pollinium stalks and the superposedpollinium arrangement.

TL;DR: Most of the native forage species, dominant in upland grassland, were able to survive and recover from extreme drought, but with various time lags, suggesting that the wide range of interspecific functional strategies for coping with drought may enhance the resilience of uplandgrassland plant communities under extreme drought events.

TL;DR: In this paper, an Australian Research Council Discovery Project Grant DP1096749 was used to support an Australian Awards Scholarship, and the research was supported by Australian Research Committee Discovery Project.

TL;DR: The ancestral area reconstruction suggests that despite an early presence on the American continent, most extant American species are the results of a later re-colonization from Asia, probably through the Bering Land Bridge, and more recent exchanges between Asia and western North America than with eastern North America.

TL;DR: The quantity and composition of root exudates are likely to change under elevated CO2, due to the changes in carbon fluxes along the glycolytic pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, which may lead to P mobilization by the chelation of P from sparingly soluble P complexes.

TL;DR: It was found that variation between ILs in both stomatal sensitivity to desiccation and operating gs is associated with features of individual stoma, and genotypic variation in gs partitioning depends on the distribution of stomata between the leaf adaxial and abaxial epidermis.

TL;DR: The delay in the initiation of xylogenesis under extremely dry conditions seems to be a stress-avoidance strategy against hydraulic failure, which could demonstrate an evolutionary adaptation of Qilian juniper to theextremely dry conditions of the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau.

TL;DR: While mid- and high-elevation species seem to adequately shift their reproductive phenology to track ongoing climate changes, high-eroded species were less capable of doing so and appeared more genetically constrained to their specific adaptations to an extreme environment.

TL;DR: The results suggest that, in contrast to the broader temperature effects that determine leaf out times, leaf senescence times are probably determined by a larger or different suite of local environmental effects, including temperature, soil moisture, frost and wind.