Annals of The Entomological Society of America 

About: Annals of The Entomological Society of America is an academic journal published by Entomological Society of America. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Population & Genus. It has an ISSN identifier of 0013-8746. Over the lifetime, 11446 publications have been published receiving 223931 citations.

Evolution, weighting, and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene sequences and a compilation of conserved polymerase chain reaction primers

Abstract: DNA-sequence data from the mitochondrial genome are being used with increasing frequency to estimate phylogenetic relationships among animal taxa. The advantage to using DNA-sequence data is that many of the processes governing the evolution and inheritance of DNA are already understood. DNA data, however, do not guarantee the correct phylogenetic tree because of problems associated with shared ancestral polymorphisms and multiple substitutions at single nucleotide sites. Knowledge of evolutionary processes can be used to improve estimates of patterns of relationships and can help to assess the phylogenetic usefulness of individual genes and nucleotides. This article reviews molecular processes, discusses the correction of genetic distances and the weighting of DNA data, and provides an assessment of the phylogenetic usefulness of specific mitochondrial genes. The Appendix presents a compilation of conserved polymerase chain reaction primers that can be used to amplify virtually any gene in the mitochondrial genome. DNA data sets vary tremendously in degree of phylogenetic usefulness. Correction or weighting (or both) of DNA-sequence data based on level of variability can improve results in some cases. Gene choice is of critical importance. For studies of relationships among closely related species, the use of ribosomal genes can be problematic, whereas unconstrained sites in protein coding genes appear to have fewer problems. In addition, information from studies of amino acid substitutions in rapidly evolving genes may help to decipher close relationships. For intermediate levels of divergence where silent sites contain many multiple hits, amino acid changes can be useful for construction phylogenetic relationships. For deep levels of divergence, protein coding genes may be saturated at the amino acid level and highly conserved regions of ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA genes may be useful. Because of the arbitrariness of taxonomic categories, no sweeping generalizations can be made about the taxonomic rank at which particular genes are useful. As more DNA-sequence data accumulate, we will be able to gain an even better understanding of the way in which genes and species evolve.

Genetic Data Analysis

Abstract: LEARNING The objectives of BIOS 781 are to present: OBJECTIVES: 1. basic population and quantitative genetic principles, including classical genetics, chromosomal theory of inheritance, and meiotic recombination 2. an exposure to QTL mapping methods of complex quantitative traits and linkage methods to detect co-segregation with disease 3. methods for assessing marker-disease linkage disequilibrium, including case-control approaches 4. methods for genome-wide association and stratification control.

Techniques for Rearing Laboratory Colonies of Tobacco Hornworms and Pink Bollworms

Abstract: Larval tobacco hornworms, Manduca sexta (L.), were individually reared in polystyrene containers on an artificial diet. The developmental period (egg to adult) was completed in ca. 40 days at 26° C, which allowed production of 9 generations/year. Weights of the 5th stage larvae and pupae ranged from 7.5-9 g and 4.0-5.5 g, respectively. Survival of the immature stages ranged from 94-97%. Cage populations of 50-70 pairs of adults yielded 5000+ eggs/day when night temperatures were maintained at 26-28°C. From 1000-5000 hornworms were produced each week at an estimated cost (excluding labor and overhead) of ca. 30/1000. Colonies of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), were also reared on the tobacco hornworm diet. The larvae were reared individually in polystyrene vials covered with polyethylene caps which prevented excessive drying of the larval diet even at low room humidities of 20-30%. Performance of the colony was as good as that of pink bollworms reared on other diets, and microbiol contamination was rarely encountered.

The biomechanics of insect flight : form, function, evolution

Abstract: The biomechanics of insect flight: form, function, evolution , The biomechanics of insect flight: form, function, evolution , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی