Journal•ISSN: 0743-4634
Annual Review of Cell Biology
Annual Reviews
About: Annual Review of Cell Biology is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Cell surface receptor & Cellular differentiation. It has an ISSN identifier of 0743-4634. Over the lifetime, 181 publications have been published receiving 76897 citations.
Topics: Cell surface receptor, Cellular differentiation, Microtubule, Phosphorylation, Endoplasmic reticulum
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TL;DR: This chapter discusses thebuilding blocks of the Transmembrane Complex, and some of the properties of these blocks have changed since the publication of the original manuscript in 1993.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 DOMAIN ORGANIZATION: The Typical ABC Transporter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 THE TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 The "Two-Times-Six" Helix Paradigm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Sequence Similarities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 THE ATP-BINDING DOMAINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 PERIPLASMIC-BINDING PROTEINS ... . 84 SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 THE ROLE OF ATP : Coupling Energy to Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . 88 COVALENT MODIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 CELLULAR FUNCTIONS OF ABC TRANSPORTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1 Nutrient Uptake . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . 9 1 Protein Export ....... . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . ......... . ...... . ... . .. 93 Intracellular Membranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Regulation of ABC Transporters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Regulation by ABC Transporters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Drug and Antibiotic Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Channel Functions: CFTR and P-glycoprotein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 MECHANISMS OF SOLUTE TRANSLOCATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Structure of the Transmembrane Complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Channels and Transporters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 I Energy Coupling andlor Gating . 102 CONCLUDING REMARKS . 103
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TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-analysis of the phytochemical properties of phosphorous and its applications in the context of Alzheimer’s disease.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION 487 MORPHOLOGY AND OBSERVATION OF FOCAL ADHESIONS 488 FORMATION OF FOCAL ADHESIONS 490 DYNAMICS OF FOCAL ADHESION COMPONENTS ...... 491
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TL;DR: Cell Death During the Metamorphosis of Moths, Cells That Develop Improperly, and Mechanisms That Kill Cells.
Abstract: CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . ... . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ....... ... . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . ... . . . . . 664 CELL DEATH IN CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS .... .. ..... . . . . 664 Programmed Cell Death . ... . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 665 Pathological Cell Deaths ....... . ........ ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 669 Summary . ... . . . . . . . . . .. .. '" . . .. . . . ... .... . . . . . .... . . ..... . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 670 CELL DEATH IN OTHER ANIMALS .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. . ... . . . ... . . . ... . . ... . . . . . . . .. ... . . . . ... . . . ... ...... 670 Cell Death During the Metamorphosis of Moths. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671 Deaths of Vertebrate Neurons Deprived of Growth Factors . . . ...... .... . . . . . ...... ... . 673 Cell Death ol'lhymocytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ... . . . . . ... 675 Cell Death in the Regressing Rat Prostate ........ . 678 FUNCTIONS OF CELL DEATH 679 Cells That Appear to Have No Function .. ..... . . .... . . . . .... . ...... 680 Cells That Are Generated in Excess ......... ......... . . . . . . . . . . . 683 Cells That Develop Improperly . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . ....... ... .. . ... . . ...... 684 Cells That Have Completed Their Functions . . . . . . . . . .... . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . ... ... .. . . .. ... .. . . ... . 684 Cells That Are Harmful 685 MECHANISMS OF CELL DEATH 685 Cell Death Is an Active Process . . . .. . . ... . . . . . . . . ... . ...... . . .. 685 Control of the Cell Death Process ....... . 686 Mechanisms That Kill Cells . . . ... . . ... . ... . . . . . . . . . ... . . ... . ... . . . . . . .. . . . .. .. .... . . . . . . . .. 687 Engulfment of Dead Cells . . . ....... . . . . . . . 689 Degradation of Dead Cells. . . . . . . ... ... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 690 Future Prospects 690
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