Showing papers in "Antiquity in 1986"
TL;DR: In the past few decades large numbers of medieval streets have disappeared from the map for ever to be replaced by characterless dual-carriageways that now slice through the City of London as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: One of the few things to have remained very little changed in the City of London for nearly one thousand years was the position of most of its streets and lanes. Unfortunately this is no longer true, and in the past few decades large numbers of medieval streets have disappeared from the map for ever to be replaced by characterless dual-carriageways that now slice through the City. Not only do these new routes replace the earlier ones, but at the same time they swallow up and destroy all the surrounding side lanes and many of the old alignments disappear. Equally, property boundaries which may also have survived for at least 800 years now disappear for ever in very large redevelopments, and nowhere is this whole process more clearly seen than in the vast swathe cut for the new southern dualcarriageway that has replaced Thames Street. The whole of the western part of Upper Thames Street, with its adjoining side lanes, has been physically removed, to be replaced by a tunnelled dualcarriageway further to the south. For well over half a mile the central part of Thames Street is now so wide that it has engulfed properties on its north side, while the eastern end from the Custom House to Tower Hill, with its surrounding redevelopments, has had all signs of the medieval topography removed except for All Hallows church with its unique Anglo-Saxon arch (Taylor & Taylor, 1965, 39-400)
62 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Satyricon de Petrone n'est pas une narration incoherente and sans but, comme on l'a cru, but a structure tres elaboree d'enchâssement autour des harangues des affranchis dans la Cena Trimalchionis.
Abstract: L'etude demontre que le Satyricon de Petrone n'est pas une narration incoherente et sans but, comme on l'a cru. Tout au contraire, il manifeste une structure tres elaboree d'enchâssement autour des harangues des affranchis dans la Cena Trimalchionis. Cette structure annulaire souligne des echos thematiques et eclaire le sens de plusieurs episodes du roman.
28 citations
TL;DR: The second half of the nineteenth century saw the beginnings of systematic archaeological techniques of excavation, field survey, conservation and protection as mentioned in this paper, and the idea has emerged that cultural property is a matter of international concern, as being part of the 'heritage of mankind'.
Abstract: The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries bore witness to the zenith of the European art of 'collecting' antiquities. The second half of the nineteenth century saw the beginnings of systematic archaeological techniques of excavation, field survey, conservation and protection. It saw what Professor Seton Lloyd has called the 'birth of a conscience' regarding the expropriation of antiquities from other countries. In the twentieth century the idea has emerged that cultural property is a matter of international concern, as being part of the 'heritage of mankind'. This concern has centred around looting from and destruction of archaeological sites, cultural heritage, the illicit traffic of art in the international market, and the return of cultural property. ildditional controls have been sought to establish the protection of cultural property in time of war as well as peace.
13 citations
TL;DR: Mulvaney as mentioned in this paper was a teacher, writer, researcher and archaeological politician who has taught the world about Australian prehistory and the Australians about their own past and the need to preserve it, culminating in the triumphal campaign to save the Franklin River region of SW Tasmania.
Abstract: In this penultimate contribution to our series in which archaeologists look back at archaeology in their time, John Mulvaney, formerly Professor of Prehistory and head of the Department of Prehistory and Anthropology in the Faculty of Arts, Australian National University, Canberra, speaks of his work as a teacher, writer, researcher and archaeological politician. More than anyone he has taught the world about Australian prehistory and the Australians about their own past—and the need to preserve it, culminating in the triumphal campaign to save the Franklin River region of SW Tasmania. He resigned from professional commitment to Australian archaeology at the early age of sixty. His retirement will allow him more time for writing, reading and, perhaps, recreation (the Production Editor treasures the gift of his book, ‘Cricket Walkabout’, in 1967: an account of the Aboriginal Cricket Tour of England, 1867–8).
11 citations
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TL;DR: Schrire et al. as mentioned in this paper published an account of recent work in South Africa and current perspectives on Southern African prehistory, at a time when the work of South African archaeologists has been denied a hearing by the Southampton World Archaeological Congress.
Abstract: Almost sixty years ago, Miles C Burkitt, Lecturer in Prehistory in the University of Cambridge, visited South Africa at the invitation of the University of Cape Town where his former pupil, AJH Goodwin had recently started work The purpose of the visit was to show Burkitt the sites and elicit his opinions in preparation for the meeting of the British Association in South Africa the following year (Burkitt, 1962, 37; Goodwin, 1958, 32) It seemed appropriate, at a time when the work of South African archaeologists has been denied a hearing by the Southampton World Archaeological Congress, that we should publish an account of recent work there and current perspectives on Southern African prehistory The authors of this article are: Carmel Schrire, Department of Human Ecology, Rutgers University; Janette Deacon, Department of Archaeology, University of Stellenbosch; Martin Hall, Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, and David Lewis-Williams, Department of Archaeology, University of the Witwatersrand
11 citations
TL;DR: The Apulia Committee was set up under the auspices of the Society of Antiquaries to organize a systematic programme of research as discussed by the authors, which became an early victim of tragic illness and accident of the chief protagonists and latterly has fallen into the malaise characteristic of old archaeological projects that have lost their initial momentum.
Abstract: In recognition of the significance of these sites, and those of the classical and medieval periods also revealed by aerial photography, the Apulia Committee was set up under the auspices of the Society of Antiquaries to organize a systematic programme of research. Unhappily this enterprise, begun with great intentions, became an early victim of tragic illness and accident of the chief protagonists and latterly has fallen into the malaise characteristic of old archaeological projects that have lost their initial momentum. All that is available in print is three preliminary reports in ANTIQUITY (Bradford & Williams-Hunt, 1946; Bradford, 1949; Bradford, 1950), some further information in Bradford's book Ancient landscapes (1957) and a few articles by other authors that arose as a result of work sponsored by the Apulia Committee. Of the series of monographs initially envisaged by the Society of Antiquaries, none has yet appeared, though at the time of writing (June 1984) the first-on the neolithic sites-is now advertised (Jones in press). In the years since 1945 there has been considerable work on the Tavoliere, most of it by Italian scholars, Further aerial photography has greatly increased the number of known sites (Odetti, 1975), while excavation and some field survey have gathered information about the nature and chronology of the sites.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare accounts given by Xenophon and Diodorus of the capture of an Athenian fleet at Aegospotami in 406 B.C., and of preceding and subsequent events.
Abstract: Accounts given by Xenophon and Diodorus of the capture of an Athenian fleet at Aegospotami in 406 B.C., and of preceding and subsequent events, are compared. Xenophon's version is usually preferred, but his approach appears somewhat simplistic and uncritical, and raises difficulties. It is suggested that Lysander, possibly with Alkibiades' connivance, trapped the Athenians into fighting with only portion of their fleet. Xenophon's assertion that the entire Athenian force was captured and executed is totally rejected on logistic and other grounds.
10 citations
TL;DR: Neschke Ada as mentioned in this paper discusses the tradition of Atrides avant Eschyle in L'Orestie de Stesichore and the tradition litteraire du mythe des atrides.
Abstract: Neschke Ada. L'Orestie de Stesichore et la tradition litteraire du mythe des Atrides avant Eschyle. In: L'antiquite classique, Tome 55, 1986. pp. 283-301.
8 citations
TL;DR: Bennike et al. as discussed by the authors found two skeletons during peat-digging in Bolkilde bog in the north of the Danish island of Als, and they were interpreted as ritual offerings of a fertility cult which went through from the early Neolithic to the time of Frej and Freja.
Abstract: In 1946 two skeletons were found during peat-digging in Bolkilde bog in the north of the Danish island of Als. They have now been dated to the middle of the fourth millennium BC and are interpreted as ritual offerings of a fertility cult which went through from the early Neolithic to the time of Frej and Freja. All three authors are in the University of Copenhagen: Pia Bennike is a research fellow in the Anthropological Laboratory, Klaus Ebbesen a senior lecturer, and Lise Bender Jorgensen Carlsberg research fellow, in the Institute of Prehistoric Archaeology.
8 citations
TL;DR: The communaute des femmes as mentioned in this paper is a double sens which is defined by le biais d'une metaphore, and it is the double sens of the mise en commun des femme par les femmes par les hommes.
Abstract: La « communaute des femmes » a, dans la Republique, un double sens. Introduite par le biais d'une metaphore, la communaute d'activites entre les hommes et les femmes n'est jamais qu'une digression aux consequences limitees. Par contre, la mise en commun des femmes par les hommes est un element essentiel d'une strategie qui vise a sceller l'unite de la classe dirigeante et a transformer le groupe des gardiens en une famille unie. Cette transformation est rendue possible par une obliteration du biologique et de la maternite au profit d'une paternite symbolique qui se confond avec un acte de langage.
8 citations
TL;DR: The survey of Memphis was initiated by the Egypt Exploration Society's Survey of Memphis (ESM) in 1982 as discussed by the authors, with the aim being to provide a full documentation for the past study of a much-neglected national capital of the ancient near east.
Abstract: The Egypt Exploration Society's Survey of Memphis was begun in 1982, the aim being to provide a full documentation for the past study of a much-neglected national capital of the ancient near east: indeed, as the authors of this article remark, ‘A history of ancient Egypt which omitted Memphis would be like a history of ancient Italy which omitted Rome’. The programme of investigation is being undertaken in the face of encroaching agricultural and residential development, and an ever-rising water table. Excavation may be regarded as auxiliary to broader survey and environmental questions. The authors are Professor Harry Smith, Edwards Professor of Egyptology, who has worked in Egypt for the last 30 years, including the groundwork for the Unesco-backed Nubian survey in the 1960s; and David Jeffreys (Research Assistant at UCL) who has worked for 16 years on sites in the UK, Egypt, Syria and Jordan.
TL;DR: Orsi's work in the North Italian Neolithic was the beginning of systematic prehistorical research in the region of the Trentino as mentioned in this paper, and he became a regular contributor to the Bullettino di Paletnologia Italiana from 1882 and later other journals such as the Monumenti Antichi and the Notizie degli Scavi of the Accademia dei Lincei.
Abstract: Born in Rovereto in the North of Italy during the Risorgimento, and a student at Padua, Vienna and Rome, Orsi is best known for his work in Sicily from 1888 onwards, as inspector and then director of the Syracuse museum. His long and distinguished career began with research in the Trentino where he studied the antiquities of all periods, and his first publication (the first of over 300) appeared in I 878. The Italian archaeological establishment, and prehistorians such as Pigorini, Chierici and Strobel, soon became aware of Orsi's tireless ability as a fieldworker and scholar in his home area. His stratigraphic excavations in the rock-shelter of Colombo di Mori in 1881, his particular interest in prehistory and his early three-fold division of the North Italian Neolithic in 1882 were notable and clearly marked the beginning of systematic research in the Trentino. Orsi became a regular contributor to the Bullettino di Paletnologia Italiana from 1882 and later other journals such as the Monumenti Antichi and the Notizie degli Scavi of the Accademia dei Lincei widely publicized his discoveries in Sicily. By 1893 the editors of the American Journal of Archaeology had drawn attention to his 'immense activity in Sicily , . . By his means Sicily is becoming the part of Italy where the most interesting excavations are being carried on' (293).
TL;DR: Piggott as discussed by the authors gave a lecture on the Richard of Cirencester forgery at the Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society at Devizes on 15 October 1985.
Abstract: We print here a slightly revised version of a lecture given by Professor Stuart Piggott to the Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society at Devizes on 15 October 1985. It includes new material, particularly relating to the Richard of Cirencester forgery, that has come to light since the publication of his book on William Stukeley, the new edition of which was recently reviewed in these pages (1986, 67–8).
TL;DR: Dion Cassius as mentioned in this paper is un historien deprecieux, a writer who couvre plusieurs periodes depuis la fin de la Republique jusqu'au troisieme siecle, se revele a source indispensable.
Abstract: Dion Cassius est un historien deprecie. Certes, son magnum opus est vulnerable aux critiques, mais sa narration continue, qui couvre plusieurs periodes depuis la fin de la Republique jusqu'au troisieme siecle, se revele une source indispensable. Senateur pourvu d'une double culture, il a mis dans son œuvre sa propre personne et son sens de la Realpolitik. Son discours de Mecene est la seule analyse theorique du et de la societe sous les Severes. Nous devons etre attentifs a la precieuse contribution qu'il apporte a notre connaissance de l'histoire romaine.
TL;DR: The problem then becomes one of identifying the most reliable indicators in the resultant effects upon the domestication of plants and animals, as well as the inherent limitations stemming from the interpretive potential of such attributes.
Abstract: The domestication of plants and animals was the byproduct of an evolutionary process in which particular elements in the constellation of potential domesticates were subject to human manipulation as a response to adaptive strategies within diverse ecological habitats (Braidwood, 1971, 238). During the course of this development, patterns of exploitation apparently exerted an external stimulus which eventually resulted in the selective modification of the adaptive attributes of particular species of plants and animals. Such morphological change has been taken as a key criterion in delineating the diagnostic characteristics distinguishing wild from domestic plants and animals (Jarman, 1972, 16). The problem then becomes one of identifying the most reliable indicators in the resultant effects upon the domestication of plants and animals, as well as the inherent limitations stemming from the interpretive potential of such attributes (be they biological or cultural).
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TL;DR: Hanbury-Tenison as discussed by the authors made a comparison between the anti-empiricism of the New Archaeology and the positivism of the Kenyon school, and argued that "what got me on to Hegel and Darwin was wondering where people got their loopy ideas from".
Abstract: Mr Jack Hanbury-Tenison is a Field Director of the University of Sydney excavations at Pella, and has combined this with doing surveys of his own in Jordan to pick up settlement patterns in the fourth millennium. In writing a thesis on the Late Chalcolithic to Early Bronze I transition in Palestine and Transjordan he says he is trying to steer a course between the anti-empiricism of the New Archaeology and the positivism of the Kenyon school. He says, engagingly, that ‘what got me on to Hegel and Darwin was wondering where people got their loopy ideas from’. This essay is a plea for commonsense, and an understanding of how pastoralists use the landscape today. Hanbury-Tenison is a research student of Magdalen College, Oxford.
TL;DR: The scholie de Pindare, Pythiques, III, 19, a conserve trois refrains nuptiaux as mentioned in this paper, i.e., acclamations apotropaiques et propitiatoires qui etaient traditionnelles le soir des noces.
Abstract: La scholie de Pindare, Pythiques, III, 19, dont le texte est ici retabli, a conserve trois refrains nuptiaux. Le premier, egalement cite par Hesychius et surtout par Eschyle, dans le fragment 124 Mette des Danaides, connu grâce a cette scholie de Pindare, provient d'un epithalame du matin. Les deux autres, dont l'un se retrouve chez Horapollon (Hieroglyphes, I, 8), proviennent des acclamations apotropaiques et propitiatoires qui etaient traditionnelles le soir des noces.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Recherche des bases economiques de la culture Nuragique de l'Age du Bronze and du Fer en Sardaigne, d'apres la faune des sites d'Urpes et Toscono, commune actuelle de Borore.
Abstract: Recherche des bases economiques de la culture Nuragique de l'Age du Bronze et du Fer en Sardaigne, d'apres la faune des sites d'Urpes et Toscono, commune actuelle de Borore
TL;DR: An examination of the testimonia for Latin translations of Greek literature provided by Latin authors suggests that to the Romans the practice of translating Greek works of literature was no different from writing original Latin literature as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: An examination of the testimonia for Latin translations of Greek literature provided by Latin authors suggests that to the Romans the practice of translating Greek works of literature was no different from the practice of writing original Latin literature.
TL;DR: The presence de valeurs grecques dans la comedie romaine est naturelle, leur presence chez les poetes augusteens est la preuve de la transmission de Valeurs sociales grecque a travers l'education romaine typique as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Etude des metiers que la comedie romaine et la poesie romaine du premier siecle av. J.-C. opposent a la vie d'amour et de loisir (amor et otium) des jeunes amoureux. Les metiers qui enrichissent un pauvre refletent les valeurs du monde grec, les metiers qui menent a l'honneur et a la gloire celles du monde romain. La presence de valeurs grecques dans la comedie romaine est naturelle, leur presence chez les poetes augusteens est la preuve de la transmission de valeurs sociales grecques a travers l'education romaine typique.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors asked Professor Anthony Snodgrass, Laurence Professor of Classical Archaeology in the University of Cambridge, and adviser on such matters for this journal, to review for us seven books* in his field which have been published in the last few months.
Abstract: We asked Professor Anthony Snodgrass, Laurence Professor of Classical Archaeology in the University of Cambridge, and adviser on such matters for this journal, to review for us seven books* in his field which have been published in the last few months. He has chosen as the title for his review article, ‘A salon science?’, which he now explains.
TL;DR: The Roman Senate regularly met in the Curia in the Forum, but on certain occasions it assembled at other sites in the city for a specific purpose as mentioned in this paper, such as the first day of the consular year.
Abstract: The Roman Senate regularly met in the Curia in the Forum, but on certain occasions it assembled at other sites in the city for a specific purpose. We know that the body convened in the Area Capitolina around the great temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the first day of the consular year and for certain meetings related to questions of war 2. There were several other senatorial sessions on the Capitol, however, that do not appear to be directly related to either of these. It is important to examine these carefully and to try to determine what other reasons might have prompted the convening of the Senate on the Capitoline. The Capitoline Hill and its great temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, Juno Regina, and Minerva was the symbolic, strategic, and religious heart of Rome. The Capitoline alone had survived the ravages of the Gauls, and it provided security for sacred objects, treaties, state records, and the Sibylline Books 3. An international agreement ratified there carried the sanction of Jupiter himself4. Foreign states allied with Rome regularly used as their opening approach to an important mission a request that the Senate permit their legates to bring gifts to the great temple and to sacrifice there 5. The custom of holding the opening Senate session of the year in Capitolio probably developed very early in Rome's history. Although there may have been a Curia Calata or Calabra on the hill from the period of the kings, there is no evidence that this was ever used for meetings of the Senate. With the establishment of the Republic, ritual and ceremony directed that the new consuls be "inaugurated" into office on the Capitoline where they would make their vows at Rome's greatest temple. They could also
TL;DR: In this paper, l'auteur entend emettre une appreciation concernant Aristophane en tant que pur comique, i.e., a montre que la veine comique resulte de la conjugaison complexe de diverses donnees : situations generales et particulieres ; caracteres marques des personnages ; mœurs atheniennes piquantes dont la sophistique ; surtout, utilisation, transformation and invention verbales.
Abstract: Contrairement a ses devanciers, l'auteur entend emettre une appreciation concernant Aristophane en tant que pur comique. A cet effet, il montre que la veine comique resulte de la conjugaison complexe de diverses donnees : situations generales et particulieres ; caracteres marques des personnages ; mœurs atheniennes piquantes dont la sophistique ; surtout, utilisation, transformation et invention verbales. L'etude permet d'ecarter le prejuge de bouffonnerie grossiere et de revoir les elucubrations de la critique litteraire, ainsi que certains problemes d'interpretation et d'appreciation.