Showing papers in "Antiviral Research in 2016"

TL;DR: Zika virus (ZIKV), a previously obscure flavivirus closely related to dengue, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis and yellow fever viruses, has emerged explosively since 2007 to cause a series of epidemics in Micronesia, the South Pacific, and most recently the Americas as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: TAF was discovered to be a more efficient prodrug able to further refine HIV therapy and better address life-long therapy in an older and increasingly comorbid HIV infected population.

TL;DR: Three promising compounds were identified that inhibited CHIKV replication in a dose-dependent manner and had broad antiviral activity against other alphaviruses--Semliki Forest virus and Sindbis virus and Abamectin and ivermectin were also active against yellow fever virus, a flavivirus.

TL;DR: The present epidemiological situation of CCHF in Turkey is assessed, with an updated literature review, national practices are described and lessons learned in preparation for future outbreaks are summarized.

TL;DR: The time-of-addition studies and various antiviral assays demonstrated that baicalein and quercetagetin mainly inhibited CHikV binding to the Vero cells and displayed potent activity against extracellular CHIKV particles.

TL;DR: A third-generation HPV vaccine is needed to achieve complete protection against all HPV types that cause cervical cancer, and this vaccine will offer different percentages of protection in different geographical regions.

TL;DR: This review highlights recent advances in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underpinning NS1 function and presents the current state of play and some future prospects for NS1 targeted antiviral strategies.

TL;DR: A general overview of the antiviral polymer class with a focus on nucleic acid polymers and their development as therapeutic agents for the treatment of hepatitis B/hepatitis D is provided.

TL;DR: This review highlights the importance of the S protein in the MERS-CoV life cycle, summarizes recent advances in the development of vaccines and therapeutics based on the Sprotein, and discusses strategies that can be explored to develop new medical countermeasures against MERS -CoV.

TL;DR: Testing the antiviral effect of griffithsin, a lectin isolated from the red marine alga Griffithsia sp, shows that it inhibits MERS-CoV infection at the binding step and also inhibits entry into host cells of particles pseudotyped with the MSPV spike protein.

TL;DR: It is suggested that niclosamide and nitazoxanide were able to inhibit Chikungunya virus entry and transmission, which might provide a basis for the development of novel human drug therapies against CHIKV and other alphavirus infections.

TL;DR: This article provides a definitive review of experimental studies of the role of wild animals and livestock in the maintenance and transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), the etiologic agent of Crimea-Congi hemorrhagic Fever (C CHF), beginning with the first recognized outbreak of the human disease in Crimea in 1944.

TL;DR: This report found that the CRISPR/Cas9 system was capable of cleaving the replication key factor ie-1 in BmNPV thus effectively inhibiting virus proliferation, and constructed a virus-inducible CRISpr/cas9 editing system, which minimized the probability of off-target effects and was rapidly activated after viral infection.

TL;DR: The purpose of this review is to discuss the function of proteins responsible for formation of the coronavirus replicative organelle by identifying domains that are conserved across the order Nidovirales, and by summarizing what is known about function and structure at the level of protein domains.

TL;DR: A cellular model is established to characterize in more detail the direct interference of HBV and HDV, and the indirect interplay between the two viruses via innate immune responses, which will be instrumental to assess molecular and immunological mechanisms of this viral interference.

TL;DR: G glycopeptide antibiotic teicoplanin inhibiting Ebola pseudovirus infection by blocking virus entry in the low micromolar range is identified and incorporated into ongoing clinical studies.

TL;DR: It is found that there were no viruses with statistically significant reduced susceptibility to favipiravir or NA inhibitors, although two of 20 paired A(H1N1)pdm09, one of 17 paired A (H3N2) and one of 19 paired B viruses possessed amino acid substitutions in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunits, PB1, PB2 and PA, after favipIRavir treatment.

TL;DR: IL-1β was found to have a very potent antiviral effect against HBV in vitro, and strategies aiming at unlocking this inhibition and restoring local production of IL-1 β may help to further inhibit HBV replication in vivo.

TL;DR: High antiviral activity and low cytotoxicity of C2' methylated or C4' azido substituted pharmacophores suggest that such compounds might represent promising candidates for further development of potential therapeutic agents in treating TBEV infection.

TL;DR: The various transactions that the viral gRNA undergoes between entry and RNA synthesis are visited with the view that some of these events may be targeted by antiviral compounds.

TL;DR: It is suggested that hydrolyzable tannins may serve as lead compounds for the development of new agents to cure HBV infection via a dual mechanism through preventing the formation of ccc DNA and promoting cccDNA decay, although the latter effect is rather minor.

TL;DR: BRC was found to be a novel DENV inhibitor and a potential candidate for the treatment of DENV infectious disease.

TL;DR: Whether curcumin or Boswellia serrata gum resin extract have antiviral activity against chikungunya virus is examined to determine whether these compounds might be used as a lead structure to develop more effective antiviral drugs or used topically to prevent CHIKV spread in the skin after mosquito bites.

TL;DR: A regimen of four-times daily treatment of celgosivir was tested and found that the treatment significantly reduced viremia, suggesting that a similar regimen may be effective in a human clinical trial.

TL;DR: The inhibitory effect of the nucleoside analogue 2'-C-methylcytidine (2CMC) on HuNoV replication in the human B cell BJAB cell line and in Balb/c Rag/gamma chain-deficient (Rag-γc(-/-)) mice is demonstrated.

TL;DR: It is found that the responsiveness of rotavirus to Cyclosporine A treatment was moderate and strictly regulated in an opposite direction by its cellular targets cyclophilin A and B, and the choice of MPA as an immunosuppressive agent appears rational for transplantation patients at risk for rotav virus infection.

TL;DR: A novel Lassa virus minigenome assay based on the ambisense LASV S segment genome, with authentic terminal untranslated regions flanking a ZsGreen fluorescent reporter protein and a Gaussia princeps luciferase (gLuc) reporter gene is described.

TL;DR: A remarkable therapeutic efficacy is demonstrated using first-in-class human antibodies in a guinea pig model of Lassa infection thereby presenting a promising treatment alternative.

TL;DR: The data suggest that hMS-1 might be developed as an effective immunotherapeutic agent to treat patients infected with MERS-CoV, particularly in emergent cases.

TL;DR: A pyridobenzothiazole compound, HeE1-2Tyr, able to inhibit West Nile and Dengue RdRps activity in vitro, which proved effective against different flaviviruses in cell culture.