Showing papers in "Applied Clay Science in 1999"

TL;DR: An overview of polymer-clay hybrid nanocomposites is provided with emphasis placed on the use of alkylammonium exchanged smectite clays as the reinforcement phase in selected polymer matrices as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, an overview of the research to date on the use of clays, dispersed at the nanometer level, in polymers for improving thermal stability and flammability is presented.

TL;DR: The main properties of cationic and anionic clays as well as their role in catalysis are discussed in this paper in light of the versatility and potential of these materials, which may be very useful tools in the move towards establishing environmentally friendly technologies.

TL;DR: In this article, the ablative performance of poly(caprolactam) (nylon 6) nanocomposites is examined, and it is shown that a relatively tough, inorganic char forms during the ablation of these nanocom composites resulting in at least an order-of-magnitude decrease in the mass loss (erosion) rate relative to the neat polymer.

TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed study on microtextural and microchemical characteristics of pottery obtained during different experimental firing runs carried out at different temperature under oxidising conditions are reported.

TL;DR: Bentonites, montmorillonites, and hectorites were used as colloidal stabilizers of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the mineralogical transformations caused by firing of five different compositions used in the formulation of ceramic pastes have been studied, including enstatite, gehlenite, hercynite and mullite.

TL;DR: In this article, the improvement of properties of clay-rubber composites by acid activation and surface modification of the clay is discussed, showing that acid-treated clays show a higher surface activity and a stronger combining ability with silane coupling agents.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show how the commonly occurring monovalent metal sulphates of sodium and potassium, and the divalent ones of calcium (gypsum) and magnesium, affect the consistency and dynamic compaction properties of an industrial kaolinitic clay soil of high purity, to which sulphates have been artificially introduced.

TL;DR: The surface and interfacial properties of the layered double hydroxide (LDH) phase Mg6Al2(OH)16CO3·4H2O were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, He pycnometry, and electrophoretic light scattering.

TL;DR: In this article, a kaolinite/methanol intercalation compound was synthesized by guest displacement reaction of a Kaolin/N-methyl-formamide interalation compound with methanol.

TL;DR: In this paper, the interaction of polymers with clays is considered with particular emphasis on the adsorption of polycations of the type [CH2CHOHCH2N(CH3)(2)](n)(n+) onto a low iron Texas bentonite, Westone-L (WL).

TL;DR: In this paper, the hydraulic conductivities of water saturated Ca-bentonite with dry densities of 1.4, 1.6, and 1.8 Mg/m 3 were measured within the temperature range of 20 to 80°C.

TL;DR: In this article, a pharmaceutical pre-formulation study of four Spanish clays (two sepiolites, one palygorskite and one bentonite) is presented, comparing the results obtained with those of three mineral products currently used in pharmaceutical technology.

TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of the exchange complex and pH of the solution used for cation saturation on Atterberg limits, compaction, and swelling potential of a compacted clay were investigated.

TL;DR: In this article, the intercalation of poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, into homoionic NH 4 + -smectites (montmorillonite and hectorite) has been shown to change the polymer helical conformation of PEO as well as in the T d symmetry of ammonium ion.

TL;DR: In this paper, the role of liquid chemistry on the swell and compressibility characteristics of bendonites and pure silica sand has been investigated, and two types of bentonites are mixed with pure Silica sand to compact them to 18 kN m−3 dry density at 8% water content.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of organic matter on the physical and physicochemical properties of illitic soils were investigated using a Grain Size Analyzer (GSA) with specific surface area measurement, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Infrared Spectroscopy (IR).

TL;DR: In this paper, an oil-in-water emulsion was prepared by dispersing aqueous dispersions of several bentonites, montmorillonites, and hectorites (2% solid content) in paraffin oil which contained 100 mg/25 ml of a coemulsifier (alkyl polyglucoside, glycerol monostearate, lecithin, tetra-and deca(ethylene oxide) hexadecyl ethers).

TL;DR: In this article, structural changes in the chain silicate sepiolite brought about by acid treatment were studied by X-ray diffraction, gas adsorption and MAS-NMR methods.

TL;DR: The silylation of the interlayer silanol groups of layered silicates may lead to novel functional inorganic-organic supramolecular systems alternative to the intercalation compounds formed by ion exchange reactions.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the adsorption kinetics of planar clay plates and polyoxometalates with oppositely-charged polyions, and concluded that relaxation processes may play an important role in the adaption of the planar clays.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the behavior of sepiolite as controller of humidity, working cycles of 24 h with variable temperature and relative humidity (RH) have been simulated and the experimental results have been compared with the adsorption isotherms of water vapor in air.

TL;DR: In the Sassuolo area (northern Italy) there is the largest tile-making district in the world, which has practically served over the past years as an industrial scale laboratory for assessing the technological properties of clays and their suitability for the production of wall and floor tiles as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: The role of the organic cation, e.g., benzyltrimethylammonium (BTMA), is to enhance the adsorption of the non-polar herbicides to the organo-clay complex, whereas the actual photoprotection is mainly provided by the clay as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the toxic elements present in the urine of rats fed with selected clays have been determined from a mineralogical and a chemical point of view, and the presence of toxic elements in urine indicates that the absorptive processes occurs after clay ingestion, which causes a progressive increase of metals in urine and in the blood.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the Na2CO3 activation on the rheological properties of a bentonite from Kutahya (Turkey) was investigated by chemical and X-ray diffraction analysis.

TL;DR: In this article, an adsorption layer on the surface of montmorillonite CdS, TiO2 and metallic palladium nanoparticles with a diameter of 5-15 nm were grown.

TL;DR: In this paper, a novel liquid crystalline composites composed of a nematic two-frequency addressing liquid crystal (TFALC) and a few percents of various types of organized clay minerals (LCC) have been prepared.

TL;DR: In this article, the rheological response of remoulded Leda clay from the South Nation River landslide (1971) site has been investigated using a coaxial viscometer.