Showing papers in "Applied Ergonomics in 1987"

TL;DR: Standardised questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms in an ergonomic or occupational health context are presented and specific characteristics of work strain are reflected in the frequency of responses to the questionnaires.

TL;DR: A questionnaire was mailed to various federal and state agencies in the United States to determine the frequency, severity and annual cost of handtool-related injuries in industry and to identify problem areas with regard to tool type, accident type, nature of injury, parts of body affected, type of industry and characteristics of the injured worker.

TL;DR: An epidemiological analysis of sick-leave statistics of workers at old and more recent work systems and data on trapezius load might allow argument of a causal relationship between the level of postural load and the risk of developing musculo-skeletal injury.

TL;DR: Lifting with hoists is slower than without aids, but the total extra time needed for their use is only 3-6% of the 8-hour work shift, and some nurses worked in bad spine-loading positions, even when using lifting aids.

TL;DR: It can be concluded that it is important, not only to use standardised questionnaires, but also to consider the way the questionnaire is administered when comparing the results from different studies.

TL;DR: The method offers a reliable means of assessing the effects on the spine of both physical work and rest-pauses, and gains in height in positions of rest are proportional to the ratings for relaxation and comfort.

TL;DR: It appeared from the study that the workload on the butchers was unnecessarily high and that it could be the main reason for the high frequency of disorders amongst them.

TL;DR: Although there were more accidents during the morning and afternoon shifts, work injuries which occurred at night generally required a longer duration of sick leave, which suggests that accidents which happened at night were more serious.

TL;DR: Colours from the extremes of the spectrum (red, blue) were shown to produce poorer reading performance, higher ratings of discomfort and a higher incidence of reported symptoms of discomfort than those from mid-spectrum and white stimulus conditions.

TL;DR: The perceived workload in a repetitive diagonal lifting task was found to be a positively accelerated function of the weight lifted and of the work pace respectively and there were no consistent relations between the workloads found acceptable by the subjects and their physical characteristics and performance capacity.

TL;DR: An anthropometric investigation has been conducted in several old people's homes in The Hague, the Netherlands, using methods based on international standards to compile a set of ergonomic recommendations that are being implemented in an existing CAD-model called ADAPS.

TL;DR: The results indicated that the interpretation of certain quantifiers varied depending on the context in which they occurred, and it will be virtually impossible to find quantifiers for use in rating scales which achieve the desirable property of interval scaling.

TL;DR: Recommendations were made to reduce error potential based on the causes and mechanisms of error identified in the analysis, and several of these recommendations were included in the final design of the system.

TL;DR: This study describes a method for sizing mittens based upon an analysis of the user populations and the hand measurements of these users, and the choice of hand length and hand circumference as the basis for a new sizing system.

TL;DR: It was found that both the incidence and severity of back pain decreased significantly and this suggests that mechanical shock and vibration are a significant cause of driving related back pain.

TL;DR: The results showed that in [Formula: see text] of all lifts, the crane operator was sitting bent-forward with little opportunity for relief via a backrest or armrests, and an adjustable operator's seat could be a good alternative to a fixed seat, and more tests would be desirable.

TL;DR: The research has dealt with vehicle headlighting, vehicle rear lighting and signalling, vehicle displays and controls, vehicle components, conspicuity of vehicles, legibility of traffic signs and licence plates, driver reaction time, driver performance, stopping sight distance, driver seated position, individual differences, and theoretical issues.

TL;DR: Oxygen consumption and heart rate were significantly higher for 4 lifts/min than for 1 lift/min; however, the rating of perceived exertion did not differ for any factor.

TL;DR: The analysis of the results shows differences between ERC clients, other disabled groups and able-bodied with regard to body dimensions, which implies that the E RC clients should be considered as a distinct group with regards to workplace design specification, especially in the ERC workshop.

TL;DR: This paper makes general recommendations for workstation design with a focus on bent-forward work, where a seat pan that can tilt forward allows the critical angle to be maintained.

TL;DR: The main finding is that the mirror appears as a device that enhances safety behaviour and can be recommended as a traffic aid.

TL;DR: The results show that one optimal height of the table was not to be found, meaning a height resulting in a posture that causes no load on both back and shoulders at the same time and the possibility of altering the table height during the workday was perceived as unloading since the load could be shifted between different parts of the body.

TL;DR: It is concluded that performance standards on a lifting test could be developed for predicting the performance of two lifting tasks, using an approach that emphasises the predictive criterion.

TL;DR: The main objective of the study was to find efficient hand tools which caused only minor vibration loading and the difference between the highest and lowest levels of vibration was considerable in most tool categories.

TL;DR: There is a need for further evaluation of the dynamics of wrist rest use and of the design of support systems such that forces acting upon the wrist or palm can be controlled.