Showing papers in "Applied Mathematics and Mechanics-english Edition in 2009"

Generalized mixed equilibrium problem in Banach spaces

Abstract: This paper uses a hybrid algorithm to find a common element of the set of solutions to a generalized mixed equilibrium problem, the set of solutions to variational inequality problems, and the set of common fixed points for a finite family of quasi-ϕ-nonexpansive mappings in a uniformly smooth and strictly convex Banach space. As applications, we utilize our results to study the optimization problem. It shows that our results improve and extend the corresponding results announced by many others recently.

A novel virtual node method for polygonal elements

Abstract: A novel polygonal finite element method (PFEM) based on partition of unity is proposed, termed the virtual node method (VNM). To test the performance of the present method, numerical examples are given for solid mechanics problems. With a polynomial form, the VNM achieves better results than those of traditional PFEMs, including the Wachspress method and the mean value method in standard patch tests. Compared with the standard triangular FEM, the VNM can achieve better accuracy. With the ability to construct shape functions on polygonal elements, the VNM provides greater flexibility in mesh generation. Therefore, several fracture problems are studied to demonstrate the potential implementation. With the advantage of the VNM, the convenient refinement and remeshing strategy are applied.

MHD flow of a viscous fluid on a nonlinear porous shrinking sheet with homotopy analysis method

Abstract: The present paper investigates the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of a viscous fluid towards a nonlinear porous shrinking sheet. The governing equations are simplified by similarity transformations. The reduced problem is then solved by the homotopy analysis method. The pertinent parameters appearing in the problem are discussed graphically and presented in tables. It is found that the shrinking solutions exist in the presence of MHD. It is also observed from the tables that the solutions for f″(0) with different values of parameters are convergent.

Vibrations of FGM thin cylindrical shells with exponential volume fraction law

Abstract: In this paper, the influence of an exponential volume fraction law on the vibration frequencies of thin functionally graded cylindrical shells is studied. Material properties in the shell thickness direction are graded in accordance with the exponential law. Expressions for the strain-displacement and curvature-displacement relationships are taken from Love’s thin shell theory. The Rayleigh-Ritz approach is used to derive the shell eigenfrequency equation. Axial modal dependence is assumed in the characteristic beam functions. Natural frequencies of the shells are observed to be dependent on the constituent volume fractions. The results are compared with those available in the literature for the validity of the present methodology.

Free vibration of functionally graded material beams with surface-bonded piezoelectric layers in thermal environment

Abstract: Free vibration of statically thermal postbuckled functionally graded material (FGM) beams with surface-bonded piezoelectric layers subject to both temperature rise and voltage is studied. By accurately considering the axial extension and based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, geometrically nonlinear dynamic governing equations for FGM beams with surface-bonded piezoelectric layers subject to thermo-electromechanical loadings are formulated. It is assumed that the material properties of the middle FGM layer vary continuously as a power law function of the thickness coordinate, and the piezoelectric layers are isotropic and homogenous. By assuming that the amplitude of the beam vibration is small and its response is harmonic, the above mentioned non-linear partial differential equations are reduced to two sets of coupled ordinary differential equations. One is for the postbuckling, and the other is for the linear vibration of the beam superimposed upon the postbuckled configuration. Using a shooting method to solve the two sets of ordinary differential equations with fixed-fixed boundary conditions numerically, the response of postbuckling and free vibration in the vicinity of the postbuckled configuration of the beam with fixed-fixed ends and subject to transversely nonuniform heating and uniform electric field is obtained. Thermo-electric postbuckling equilibrium paths and characteristic curves of the first three natural frequencies versus the temperature, the electricity, and the material gradient parameters are plotted. It is found that the three lowest frequencies of the prebuckled beam decrease with the increase of the temperature, but those of a buckled beam increase monotonically with the temperature rise. The results also show that the tensional force produced in the piezoelectric layers by the voltage can efficiently increase the critical buckling temperature and the natural frequency.

Thermal criticality for a reactive gravity driven thin film flow of a third-grade fluid with adiabatic free surface down an inclined plane

Abstract: This study is devoted to the investigation of thermal criticality for a reactive gravity driven thin film flow of a third-grade fluid with adiabatic free surface down an inclined isothermal plane. It is assumed that the reaction is exothermic under Arrhenius kinetics, neglecting the consumption of the material. The governing non-linear equations for conservation of momentum and energy are obtained and solved by using a new computational approach based on a special type of Hermite-Pade approximation technique implemented in MAPLE. This semi-numerical scheme offers some advantages over solutions obtained with traditional methods such as finite differences, spectral method, and shooting method. It reveals the analytical structure of the solution function. Important properties of overall flow structure including velocity field, temperature field, thermal criticality, and bifurcations are discussed.

Numerical study of attack angle characteristics for integrated hypersonic vehicle

Abstract: The two-dimensional coupled implicit Navier-Stokes equations and standard k-ɛ viscous models are used to simulate the angle of attack characteristics of an integrated hypersonic vehicle with a hark head configuration under three kinds of working conditions: inlet cut-off, engine through-flow, and engine ignition. Influence of each component on aero-propulsive performance of the vehicle is discussed. It is concluded that the longitudinal static stability of the vehicle is good, and there is enough lift-to-drag ratio to satisfy the flying requirement of the vehicle. At the same time, it is important to change configurations of engine and upper surface of airframe to improve aero-propulsive performance of the vehicle.

Series solutions for the stagnation flow of a second-grade fluid over a shrinking sheet

Abstract: This study derives the analytic solutions of boundary layer flows bounded by a shrinking sheet. With the similarity transformations, the partial differential equations are reduced into the ordinary differential equations which are then solved by the homotopy analysis method (HAM). Two-dimensional and axisymmetric shrinking flow cases are discussed.

Two-dimensional analytical solution for compound channel flows with vegetated floodplains

Abstract: This paper presents a two-dimensional analytical solution for compound channel flows with vegetated floodplains. The depth-integrated N-S equation is used for analyzing the steady uniform flow. The effects of the vegetation are considered as the drag force item. The secondary currents are also taken into account in the governing equations, and the preliminary estimation of the secondary current intensity coefficient K is discussed. The predicted results for the straight channels and the apex cross-section of meandering channels agree well with experimental data, which shows that the analytical model presented here can be applied to predict the flow in compound channels with vegetated floodplains.

A novel four-node quadrilateral element with continuous nodal stress

Abstract: Formulation and numerical evaluation of a novel four-node quadrilateral element with continuous nodal stress (Q4-CNS) are presented. Q4-CNS can be regarded as an improved hybrid FE-meshless four-node quadrilateral element (FE-LSPIM QUAD4), which is a hybrid FE-meshless method. Derivatives of Q4-CNS are continuous at nodes, so the continuous nodal stress can be obtained without any smoothing operation. It is found that, compared with the standard four-node quadrilateral element (QUAD4), Q4-CNS can achieve significantly better accuracy and higher convergence rate. It is also found that Q4-CNS exhibits high tolerance to mesh distortion. Moreover, since derivatives of Q4-CNS shape functions are continuous at nodes, Q4-CNS is potentially useful for the problem of bending plate and shell models.

Nonlinear numerical simulation method for galloping of iced conductor

Abstract: Based on the principle of virtual work, an updated Lagrangian finite element formulation for the geometrical large deformation analysis of galloping of the iced conductor in an overhead transmission line is developed. In numerical simulation, a threenode isoparametric cable element with three translational and one torsional degrees-offreedom at each node is used to discretize the transmission line. The nonlinear dynamic system equation is solved with the Newmark time integration method and the Newton-Raphson nonlinear iteration. Numerical examples demonstrate the efficiency of the presented method and the developed finite element program. A new possible galloping mode, which may reflect the saturation phenomenon of a nonlinear dynamic system, is discovered under the condition that the lowest order of vertical natural frequency of the transmission line is approximately two times of the horizontal one.

Vibration characteristics of FGM circular cylindrical shells filled with fluid using wave propagation approach

Abstract: The vibration characteristics of a functionally graded material circular cylindrical shell filled with fluid are examined with a wave propagation approach. The shell is filled with an incompressible non-viscous fluid. Axial modal dependence is approximated by exponential functions. A theoretical study of shell vibration frequencies is analyzed for simply supported-simply supported, clamped-simply supported, and clamped-clamped boundary conditions with the fluid effect. The validity and the accuracy of the present method are confirmed by comparing the present results with those available in the literature. Good agreement is observed between the two sets of results.

Thermoelastic analysis of functionally graded annulus with arbitrary gradient

Abstract: A thermoelastic problem of a circular annulus made of functionally graded materials with an arbitrary gradient is investigated. Different from previous works, our analysis neither requires a special form of the gradient of material properties nor demands partitioning the entire structure into a multilayered homogeneous structure. Instead, we propose a new method for solving the thermoelastic problem of a functionally graded circular annulus by transforming it to a Fredholm integral equation. The distribution of thermal stresses and radial displacement can be obtained by solving the resulting equation. Illustrative examples are given to show the effects of varying gradients on the thermal stresses and radial displacement for given temperature changes at the inner and outer surfaces. The results indicate that the thermal stresses can be relaxed for specified gradients, which is beneficial to design an inhomogeneous annulus to maintain structural integrity.

Velocity distribution of flow with submerged flexible vegetations based on mixing-length approach

Abstract: By choosing a PVC slice to simulate flexible vegetation, we carried out experiments in an open channel with submerged flexible vegetation. A 3D acoustic Doppler velocimeter (micro ADV) was used to measure local flow velocities and Reynolds stress. The results show that hydraulic characteristics in non-vegetation and vegetation layers are totally different. In a region above the vegetation, Reynolds stress distribution is linear, and the measured velocity profile is a classical logarithmic one. Based on the concept of new-riverbed, the river compression parameter representing the impact of vegetation on river is given, and a new assumption of mixing length expression is made. The formula for time-averaged velocity derived from the expression requires less parameters and simple calculation, and is useful in applications.

Numerical method of Rayleigh-Stokes problem for heated generalized second grade fluid with fractional derivative

Abstract: In this paper, we consider the Rayleigh-Stokes problem for a heated generalized second grade fluid (RSP-HGSGF) with fractional derivative. An effective numerical method for approximating RSP-HGSGF in a bounded domain is presented. The stability and convergence of the method are analyzed. Numerical examples are presented to show the application of the present technique.

Analytical solution to stagnation-point flow and heat transfer over a stretching sheet based on homotopy analysis ∗

Abstract: This paper is concerned with two-dimensional stagnation-point steady flow of an incompressible viscous fluid towards a stretching sheet whose velocity is proportional to the distance from the slit. The governing system of partial differential equations is first transformed into a system of dimensionless ordinary differential equations. Analytical solutions of the velocity distribution and dimensionless temperature profiles are obtained for different ratios of free stream velocity and stretching velocity, Prandtl number, Eckert number and dimensionality index in series forms using homotopy analysis method(HAM). It is shown that a boundary layer is formed when the free stream velocity exceeds the stretching velocity, and an inverted boundary layer is formed when the free stream velocity is less than the stretching velocity. Graphs are presented to show the effects of different parameters.

Recursive Lagrangian dynamic modeling and simulation of multi-link spatial flexible manipulator arms

Abstract: The dynamics for multi-link spatial flexible manipulator arms consisting of n links and n rotary joints is investigated. Kinematics of both rotary-joint motion and link deformation is described by 4 × 4 homogenous transformation matrices, and the Lagrangian equations are used to derive the governing equations of motion of the system. In the modeling the recursive strategy for kinematics is adopted to improve the computational efficiency. Both the bending and torsional flexibility of the link are taken into account. Based on the present method a general-purpose software package for dynamic simulation is developed. Dynamic simulation of a spatial flexible manipulator arm is given as an example to validate the algorithm.

Effect of rotation in generalized thermoelastic solid under the influence of gravity with an overlying infinite thermoelastic fluid

Abstract: The present problem is concerned with the study of deformation of a rotating generalized thermoelastic solid with an overlying infinite thermoelastic fluid due to different forces acting along the interface under the influence of gravity. The components of displacement, force stress, and temperature distribution are first obtained in Laplace and Fourier domains by applying integral transforms, and then obtained in the physical domain by applying a numerical inversion method. Some particular cases are also discussed in the context of the problem. The results are also presented graphically to show the effect of rotation and gravity in the medium.

Theoretical Study of Void Closure in Nonlinear Plastic Materials

Abstract: Void closing from a spherical shape to a crack is investigated quantitatively in the present study. The constitutive relation of the void-free matrix is assumed to obey the Norton power law. A representative volume element (RVE) which includes matrix and void is employed and a Rayleigh-Ritz procedure is developed to study the deformation-rates of a spherical void and a penny-shaped crack. Based on an approximate interpolation scheme, an analytical model for void closure in nonlinear plastic materials is established. It is found that the local plastic flows of the matrix material are the main mechanism of void deformation. It is also shown that the relative void volume during the deformation depends on the Norton exponent, on the far-field stress triaxiality, as well as on the far-field effective strain. The predictions of void closure using the present model are compared with the corresponding results in the literature, showing good agreement. The model for void closure provides a novel way for process design and optimization in terms of elimination of voids in billets because the model for void closure can easily be applied in the CAE analysis.

Local and parallel finite element algorithms for time-dependent convection-diffusion equations

Abstract: Local and parallel finite element algorithms based on two-grid discretization for the time-dependent convection-diffusion equations are presented. These algorithms are motivated by the observation that, for a solution to the convection-diffusion problem, low frequency components can be approximated well by a relatively coarse grid and high frequency components can be computed on a fine grid by some local and parallel procedures. Hence, these local and parallel algorithms only involve one small original problem on the coarse mesh and some correction problems on the local fine grid. One technical tool for the analysis is the local a priori estimates that are also obtained. Some numerical examples are given to support our theoretical analysis.

Convergence theorem of common fixed points for Lipschitzian pseudo-contraction semi-groups in Banach spaces

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to study the weak convergence problems of the implicity iteration process for Lipschitzian pseudocontractive semi-groups in the general Banach spaces. The results presented in this paper extend and improve the corresponding results of some people.

High accuracy non-equidistant method for singular perturbation reaction-diffusion problem

Abstract: Singular perturbation reaction-diffusion problem with Dirichlet boundary condition is considered. It is a multi-scale problem. Presence of small parameter leads to boundary layer phenomena in both sides of the region. A non-equidistant finite difference method is presented according to the property of boundary layer. The region is divided into an inner boundary layer region and an outer boundary layer region according to transition point of Shishkin. The steps sizes are equidistant in the outer boundary layer region. The step sizes are gradually increased in the inner boundary layer region such that half of the step sizes are different from each other. Truncation error is estimated. The proposed method is stable and uniformly convergent with the order higher than 2. Numerical results are given, which are in agreement with the theoretical result.

Multi-symplectic Runge-Kutta methods for Landau-Ginzburg-Higgs equation

Abstract: Nonlinear wave equations have been extensively investigated in the last several decades. The Landau-Ginzburg-Higgs equation, a typical nonlinear wave equation, is studied in this paper based on the multi-symplectic theory in the Hamilton space. The multi-symplectic Runge-Kutta method is reviewed, and a semi-implicit scheme with certain discrete conservation laws is constructed to solve the first-order partial differential equations (PDEs) derived from the Landau-Ginzburg-Higgs equation. The numerical results for the soliton solution of the Landau-Ginzburg-Higgs equation are reported, showing that the multi-symplectic Runge-Kutta method is an efficient algorithm with excellent long-time numerical behaviors.

Plane strain consolidation of soil layer with anisotropic permeability

Abstract: This paper presents an alternative analytical technique to study a plane strain consolidation of a poroelastic soil by taking into account the anisotropy of permeability. From the governing equations of a saturated poroelastic soil, the relationship of basic variables for a point of a soil layer is established between the ground surface (z = 0) and the depth z in the Laplace-Fourier transform domain. Combined with the boundary conditions, an exact solution is derived for plane strain Biot’s consolidation of a finite soil layer with anisotropic permeability in the transform domain. Numerical inversions of the Laplace transform and the Fourier transform are adopted to obtain the actual solution in the physical domain. Numerical results of plane strain Biot’s consolidation for a single soil layer show that the anisotropic of permeability has a great influence on the consolidation behavior of the soils.

Boundary conditions for porous solids saturated with viscous fluid

Abstract: Boundary conditions are derived to represent the continuity requirements at the boundaries of a porous solid saturated with viscous fluid. They are derived from the physically grounded principles with a mathematical check on the conservation of energy. The poroelastic solid is a dissipative one for the presence of viscosity in the interstitial fluid. The dissipative stresses due to the viscosity of pore-fluid are well represented in the boundary conditions. The unequal particle motions of two constituents of porous aggregate at a boundary between two solids are explained in terms of the drainage of pore-fluid leading to imperfect bonding. A mathematical model is derived for the partial connection of surface pores at the porous-porous interface. At this interface, the loose-contact slipping and partial pore opening/connection may dissipate a part of strain energy. A numerical example shows that, at the interface between water and oil-saturated sandstone, the modified boundary conditions do affect the energies of the waves refracting into the isotropic porous medium.

Magneto-thermo-elastic waves in an infinite perfectly conducting elastic solid with energy dissipation

Abstract: The generalized thermo-elasticity theory, i.e., Green and Naghdi (G-N) III theory, with energy dissipation (TEWED) is employed in the study of time-harmonic plane wave propagation in an unbounded, perfectly electrically conducting elastic medium subject to primary uniform magnetic field. A more general dispersion equation with complex coefficients is obtained for coupled magneto-thermo-elastic wave solved in complex domain by using the Leguerre’s method. It reveals that the coupled magneto-thermoelastic wave corresponds to modified dilatational and thermal wave propagation with finite speeds modified by finite thermal wave speeds, thermo-elastic coupling, thermal diffusivity, and the external magnetic field. Numerical results for a copper-like material are presented.

Prediction of nanoparticle transport and deposition in bends

Abstract: Nanoparticle transport and deposition in bends with circular cross-section are solved for different Reynolds numbers and Schmidt numbers. The perturbation method is used in solving the equations. The results show that the particle transport patterns are similar and independent of the particle size and other parameters when suspended nanoparticles flow in a straight tube. At the outside edge, particle deposition is the most intensive, while deposition at the inside edge is the weakest. In the upper and lower parts of the tube, depositions are approximately the same for different Schmidt numbers. Curvatures of tube, Reynolds number, and Schmidt number have second-order, forth-order, and first-order effects on the relative deposition efficiency, respectively.

A wavelet multiscale method for inversion of Maxwell equations

Abstract: This paper is concerned with estimation of electrical conductivity in Maxwell equations. The primary difficulty lies in the presence of numerous local minima in the objective functional. A wavelet multiscale method is introduced and applied to the inversion of Maxwell equations. The inverse problem is decomposed into multiple scales with wavelet transform, and hence the original problem is reformulated to a set of sub-inverse problems corresponding to different scales, which can be solved successively according to the size of scale from the shortest to the longest. The stable and fast regularized Gauss-Newton method is applied to each scale. Numerical results show that the proposed method is effective, especially in terms of wide convergence, computational efficiency and precision.

Uniform attractors for non-autonomous Klein-Gordon-Schrödinger lattice systems

Abstract: The existence of a compact uniform attractor for a family of processes corresponding to the dissipative non-autonomous Klein-Gordon-Schrodinger lattice dynamical system is proved. An upper bound of the Kolmogorov entropy of the compact uniform attractor is obtained, and an upper semicontinuity of the compact uniform attractor is established.

Natural frequencies of composite beams with a variable fiber volume fraction including rotary inertia and shear deformation

Abstract: The present study is concerned with the vibration analysis of symmetric composite beams with a variable fiber volume fraction through thickness First-order shear deformation and rotary inertia have been included in the analysis The solution procedure is applicable to arbitrary boundary conditions Continuous gradation of the fiber volume fraction is modeled in the form of an m-th power polynomial of the coordinate axis in the thickness direction of the beam By varying the fiber volume fraction within the symmetric composite beam to create a functionally graded material (FGM), certain vibration characteristics are affected Results are presented to demonstrate the effects of shear deformation, fiber volume fraction, and boundary conditions on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of composite beams