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Showing papers in "Archiv Der Pharmazie in 1994"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The determination of essential molecular criteria for the interaction could be used to design new and more selective therapeutics and underlines the importance of lipids and their interaction with drug molecules for the understanding of drug action.
Abstract: Some aspects of drug membrane interaction and its influence on drug transport, accumulation, efficacy and resistance have been discussed. The interactions manifest themselves macroscopically in changes in the physical and thermodynamic properties of "pure membranes" or bilayers. As various amounts of foreign molecules enter the membrane, in particular the main gel to liquid crystalline phase transition can be dramatically changed. This may change permeability, cell-fusion, cell resistance and may also lead to changes in conformation of the embedded receptor proteins. Furthermore, specific interactions with lipids may lead to drug accumulation in membranes and thus to much larger concentrations at the active site than present in the surrounding water phase. The lipid environment may also lead to changes in the preferred conformation of drug molecules. These events are directly related to drug efficacy. The determination of essential molecular criteria for the interaction could be used to design new and more selective therapeutics. This excursion in some aspects of drug membrane interaction underlines the importance of lipids and their interaction with drug molecules for our understanding of drug action, but this is not really a new thought but has been formulated in 1884 by THUDICUM: "Phospholipids are the centre, life and chemical soul of all bioplasm whatsoever, that of plants as well as of animals".

89 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Cyclolignans, most of them derived from podophyllotoxin, have been evaluated for their antineoplastic and antiviral activities; deoxypodophyLLotoxin (1) being the most potent compound in all cases.
Abstract: 28 cyclolignans, most of them derived from podophyllotoxin, have been evaluated for their antineoplastic and antiviral activities. They were subjected to screening against P-388 murine leukemia, A-549 human lung carcinoma, and HT-29 colon carcinoma, while antiviral assays were performed on herpes simplex virus type I infecting fibroblasts of monkey kidney (HSV/CV-1) and on vesicular stomatitis virus infecting fibroblasts of hamster kidney (VSV/BHK). A number of substances were active in both groups of assays at concentrations below 1μM; deoxypodophyllotoxin (1) being the most potent compound in all cases. Antineoplastische und antivirale Eigenschaften von Lignanen, die aus Podophyllotoxin hergestellt wurden 28 meist aus Podophyllotoxin hergeleitete Zyklolignane wurden auf ihre antineoplastische und antivirale Wirkung untersucht. Die antineoplastische Wirkung wurde gegenuber P-388 (Leukamie bei Mausen), A-549 (Karzinom der menschlichen Lunge) und HT (menschliches Kolonkarzinom) untersucht, wahrend die antivirale Wirkung uber das Herpes simplex-Virus vom Typ I ausgewertet wurde, indem Fibroblasten der Affenniere (HSV/CV-1) infiziert wurden, und uber das Virus der Blasenstomatitis, indem Fibroblasten der Hamsterniere (VSV/BHK) infiziert wurden. Einige Substanzen wirkten bei einer Konzentration unter 1 μM in beiden; die starkste Verbindung war in allen Fallen Deoxypodophyllotoxin (1).

58 citations




Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, two strategies towards the synthesis of isomerically pure azafluorenones are described, and two strategies for synthesizing azaoxoaporphine alkaloids with antifungal activity are described.
Abstract: Es werden zwei Strategien zur Synthese isomerenreiner Azafluorenone beschrieben. Cyclisierung der Arylnicotinsaure 7 mit Polyphosphorsaure und anschliesende hydrogenolytische Abspaltung des Bromsubstituenten fuhrt zu 8-Methoxyonychin (3) (“MethodeA”). Parham-Cyclisierung der Carbonsaure 7 oder des Esters 6 liefert das Annonaceen-Alkaloid 6-Methoxyonychin (2) (“MethodeB”). In einem Agar-Diffusionstest zeigen 2, 3 und Onychin (9a) eine masige, 9e eine starke Hemmwirkung gegen Candida albicans. Andere Azafluorenone sind praktisch unwirksam. Das strukturverwandte Azaoxoaporphin-Alkaloid Sampangin (12) hingegen besitzt eine sehr starke antimykotische Aktivitat. Polycyclic Aromatic Alkaloids, X: Annonaceous Alkaloids with Antifungal Activity Two strategies towards the synthesis of isomerically pure azafluorenones are described. Cyclization of the aryl nicotinic acid 7 with polyphosphoric acid and subsequent reductive denomination gives 8-methoxyonychine (3) (“methodA”). 6-Methoxyonychine (2), an alkaloid from annonaceae, can be prepared by Parham-cychzation of the carboxylic acid 7 or of the ester 6 (“methodB”). In an agar-well diffusion assay 2, 3, and onychine (9a) show moderate activity against Candida albicans. 9e has stronger activity, while other azafluorenones are almost inactive. The structurally related azaoxoaporphine alkaloid sampangine (12) has very strong antifungal activity.

37 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The studied compounds possess a remarkable analgesic activity, devoid of central effects, and show an interesting anti‐inflammatory profile evidenced by their effectiveness in different experimental models of inflammation.
Abstract: A series of 4-phenyl-2-thioxo-benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives endowed with anti-inflammatory and related pharmacological properties were submitted to a more extensive study to know their exact pharmacological profile and their possible side effects. The studied compounds possess a remarkable analgesic activity, devoid of central effects. They also show an interesting anti-inflammatory profile evidenced by their effectiveness in different experimental models of inflammation. In addition, these compounds exhibit none or very little activity on CNS, scarce toxicity and low gastrointestinal aggressivity.

27 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: New cyclic derivatives derived from 4‐methyl‐7‐coumarinyloxyacetic acid hydrazide have been synthesized and screened for antimicrobial activity.
Abstract: New cyclic derivatives derived from 4-methyl-7-coumarinyloxyacetic acid hydrazide have been synthesized. Some representative examples were screened for antimicrobial activity. Synthese neuer 7-substituierter 4-Methylcumarin-Derivate mit antimikrobieller Wirkung Einige neue C-7-substituierte 4-Methylcumarinyloxy-essigsaurehydrazide wurden synthetisiert. Die antibakteriellen Aktivitaten einiger reprasentativer Verbindungen wurden gepruft.

27 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: 3‐azido‐5‐O‐tert‐butyldiphenylsilyl‐2,3‐dideoxy‐D‐erythro‐pentofuranoside did not show any appreciable activities against HIV‐1 or HSV‐1.
Abstract: 3′-Azidonucleosides 4 have been synthesized by condensation of silylated (Z)-5-ethylidenehydantoin and (Z)-5-benzylidenehydantoin with methyl 3-azido-5-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-2,3-dideoxy-D-erythro-pentofuranoside (3). The nucleosides 4 were deblocked on treatment with tetrabutylammonium fluoride. The ethylidene group isomerized from Z to E configuration during the nucleoside synthesis. The new nucleosides did not show any appreciable activities against HIV-1 or HSV-1. Synthese und Prufung auf antivirale Eigenschaften von Hydantoin-Analogen des AZT Die 3′-Azidonukleoside 4 wurden durch Kondensation silylierter (Z)-5-Ethylidenhydantoine und (Z)-5-Benzylidenhydantoine mit Methyl-3-azido-5-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-2,3-didesoxy-D-erythro-pentofuranosid (3) hergestellt. Die Schutzgruppen der Verbindungen 4 wurden mit Tetrabutylammoniumfluorid entfernt. Die Ethylidengruppe isomerisierte von der Z- in die E-Konfiguration wahrend der Nukleosid-Synthese. - Die neuen Verbindungen zeigen keine nennenswerten Wirkungen gegen HIV-1 und HSV-1.

26 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Four novel series of 4(3H)‐quinazolinone derivatives have been prepared by cyclization of the key intermediates with anti‐inflammatory activity comparable to or higher than that of proquazone.
Abstract: Four novel series of 4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives have been prepared by cyclization of the key intermediates 3-aryl-2-(3-aryl-3-oxopropenyl)-4-(3H)-quinazolinones with different reagents: 3-aryl-1-iminocarbamoyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-4(3H)-quinazolines, 3-aryl-2-(3-aryl-1-thiocarbamoyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-4(3H)-quinazolines, 3-aryl-2-(3-aryl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)-4(3H)-quinazolinones , and 3-aryl-2-(4-aryl-2-thioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,3-diazin-6-yl )-4(3H)- quinazolinones. The antiinflammatory activity of representatives of these compounds is comparable to or higher than that of proquazone.

24 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the Synthese der Anthranilsaureamide 1a-c with Oxoverbindungen ohne Solvens erlaubt the Syntheticse der 1,2-Dihydro-4-chinazolinone 8−25, unter drastischeren Bedingungen erfolgt bei β-Dicarbonyl verbindungen eine Eliminierung zu den Methylchinazolonen 26/27; the Reaktionen verlaufen thermodynamisch
Abstract: Das Erhitzen der Anthranilsaureamide 1a-c mit Oxoverbindungen ohne Solvens erlaubt die Synthese der 1,2-Dihydro-4-chinazolinone 8–25, unter drastischeren Bedingungen erfolgt bei β-Dicarbonylverbindungen eine Eliminierung zu den Methylchinazolinonen 26/27; die Reaktionen verlaufen thermodynamisch kontrolliert. Die aus cyclischen β-Diketonen erhaltenen Enaminone 28/29 erfahren in Eisessig eine Ringtransformation zu den Chinazolinylpentanonen 34/35, die mit storungstheoretischen Methoden erklart wird.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the development of 2-hydroxy-benzo[b]carbazole derived derivatives as Cytostatics is discussed. But the structure of 4/5 and 6 is proven by derivatization to 7b and 8b.
Abstract: p-Benzochinon 3 kann mit den Aminomethylen-indanonen 2 uber die leicht oxidablen anellierten Carbazole 4/5 zu den heterocyclischen Chinonen 6 umgesetzt warden. Die Struktur 4/5 bzw. 6 wird durch Derivatisierung zu 7b bzw. 8b nachgewiesen. Das Methylierungsprodukt 9 last sich zu 10 hydrieren bzw. zu 11 debenzylieren. Durch Etherspaltung wird 12 erhalten. Die Umsetzung von 9 mit Lithium-methyl und NaBH4 gibt 13 und die Zwischenprodukte 14 und 15. Das Phenol 6a kann zu 16 verethert und zu 17 bzw. 18 aminomethyliert werden. Die Indolchinone 17 und 18 zeigen an Colon- bzw. Lungen-Ca-Zellen eine ausgepragte cytotoxische Wirkung. DNA-Intercalators, I: Development of 2-Hydroxy-benzo[b]carbazole Derivatives as Cytostatics Reaction of p-benzoquinone 3 and aminomethylene indanones 2via easily oxidized benzocarbazoles 4/5 affords the heterocyclic quinones 6. The structure of 4/5 and 6 is proven by derivatization to 7b and 8b. The product 9 obtained by methylation of 6 is hydrogenated to 10 or debenzylated to 11. Ether cleavage yields 12. Reaction of 9 with lithiummethyl or NaBH4 affords 13 and the intermediates 14 and 15. Phenol 6a was alkylated to 16 or aminomethylated to 17 or 18. The indole quinones 17 and 18 show strong cytotoxic activity against colon cells and pulmonary carcinom cells.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Six‐(4‐Chlorophenyl)‐7‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrolizines with functional groups at position 5 of the heterocyclic moiety were synthesized and tested to determine their antiinflammatory activity and the inhibition of 5‐lipoxygenase.
Abstract: 6-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizines with functional groups at position 5 of the heterocyclic moiety were synthesized and tested. To determine their antiinflammatory activity bovine blood was used as enzyme source for the cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase, respectively. The iminoxy acetic acid derivative and the iminotetrazole selectively inhibit the 5-lipoxygenase, all the other compounds show medium or low affinity to the active sites of cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase. In general all compounds inhibit 5-lipoxygenase more effectively than cyclooxygenase. Concerning the inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase the most active compounds found are equipotent to the corresponding propionic acid compounds, but they aren't well balanced dual inhibitors as shown for the carboxylic derivatives. A structure activity relationship and the enzyme selectivity are discussed. Nichtsteroidale Antiphlogistika, 18. Mitt.: C-5-funktionalisierte 6,7-Diaryl-2,3-Dihydro-1H-Pyrrolizine als Inhibitoren der Rindercyclooxygenase und 5-Lipoxygenase Die entzundungshemmende Aktivitat von an C-5 funktionalisierten 6-(4-Chlorphenyl)-7-phenyl-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizinen wird beschrieben. Die aus Rinderblut gewonnenen Enzyme Cyclooxygenase und 5-Lipoxygenase werden fur die Testung herangezogen. Das Iminoxyessigsaurederivat sowie das iminotetrazolsubstituierte Dihydropyrrolizin sind equipotent mit der korrespondierenden Propionsaure bezuglich der Inhibierung der 5-Lipoxygenase, sie besitzen jedoch nicht die ausgewogene duale Hemmwirkung der Carbonsaure. Die Hemmung beider Enzyme und die Enzymselektivitat wird in Verbindung mit strukturellen Parametern diskutiert.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The reaction of 4 · HCl with 3 in Gegenwart von Ammoniumacetat fuhrt hingegen in einer 2:1 Kondensation zu Tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridinen 10.
Abstract: Mono-, di- und trisubstituierte 2-Aminonicotinonitrile vom Typ 8, 13, 14 und 19 lassen sich aus Keton-Mannich-Basen Hydrochloriden 4 · HCl, Enonen 12, β-Aminovinylketonen 17, 3-Aminoacrolein-Derivaten 18 sowie Vinamidinium Perchloraten 21 und in situ erzeugtem 3,3-Diamino-acrylnitril (3) herstellen. Die Reaktion von 4 · HCl mit 3 in Gegenwart von Ammoniumacetat fuhrt hingegen in einer 2:1 Kondensation zu Tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridinen 10.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Synthesis and structural characterization of some ring‐open analogues of Prazosin containing either the guanidine substructure or urea‐equivalent groups are described and the importance of H‐bonding interactions with the receptor is indicated.
Abstract: Synthesis and structural characterization of some ring-open analogues of Prazosin containing either the guanidine substructure or urea-equivalent groups are described. The opening of the pyrimidine ring in Prazosin is very important as far as the affinity for α1-adrenoceptor is concerned. The pA2 values of the ring-open derivatives are 104–105 fold lower than that of the parent. It is probable that the affinity decrease principally reflects a negative influence of the conformational factors in the interaction with the α1-receptor. The derivative 5 containing the guanidine moiety, charged at physiological pH, is as active as the other derivatives containing the uncharged urea-equivalent groups. This behaviour indicates, in this class of compounds, the importance of H-bonding interactions with the receptor. When in the ring-open models the ethanediamino substructure is substituted for the piperazine ring additional decrease in activity occurs. Hemmung der α1-Adrenozeptoraktivitat durch ringoffene Analoge des Prazosins Die Synthese und die Strukturanalyse von Analogen des Prazosins, die einen geoffneten Ring haben, werden beschrieben. Diese Analogen haben eine Guanidin-Struktur oder eine gleichwertige Harnstoffgruppe. Die Offnung des Pyrimidinringes des Prazosins ist sehr wichtig fur die Affinitat zum α1-Adrenorezeptor. Die pA2 Werte dieser Folgeprodukte sind 104–105 niedriger als die von Prazosin. Die Abnahme der Affinitat beruht wahrscheinlich auf einer negativen konformativen Einwirkung auf die α1-Rezeptoren. Das Derivat 5 enthalt eine Guanidingruppe, die bei physiologischem pH geladen ist. 5 hat dieselbe Aktivitat wie die anderen 1-Derivate, die eine gleichwertige Harnstoffgruppe beinhalten und nicht geladen sind. Das zeigt die Wichtigkeit von Wasserstoffbindungen mit dem Rezeptor. Wenn in dieser Verbindungsklasse der Piperazinering durch die Ethanediaminostruktur ausgewechselt wird, beobachtet man eine zusatzliche Abnahme der Aktivitat.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The title compounds 4b-g, 10a,b and 13 can be prepared in improved yields by cyclocondensation of the 1,3-biselectrophiles with 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine.
Abstract: Die Titelverbindungen 4b-g, 10a,b und 13 lassen sich durch “Cyclokondensation” der 1,3-Biselektrophile la-e, 5b,f,g, 7b,d, 8a,b und 12 mit 2,4,6-Triaminopyrimidin (2) in verbesserten Ausb. darstellen. Improved Synthesis of Methyl- and Phenyl-substituted Pyrido-[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diamines The title compounds 4b-g, 10a,b and 13 can be prepared in improved yields by “cyclocondensation” of the 1,3-biselectrophiles la-e, 5b,f,g, 7b,d, 8a,b, and 12 with 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine (2).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The enantiomere of the antiarrhythmic drug propafenone were synthesized using a recoverable acetal protective group as mentioned in this paper, which allowed not only easy separation of diastereomers using vacuum-flash-chromatography, but also reliable assignment of absolute configuration and determination of purity by means of hplc and nmr.
Abstract: Die Enantiomere des Antiarrhythmikums Propafenon wurden mit Hilfe einer wiedergewinnbaren acetalischen Schutzgruppe synthetisiert. Der Schlusselschritt der Synthese lag in der Reaktion des Cyanhydrins 7 mit enantiomerenreinem MBF-Lactol, dessen Verwendung nicht nur eine einfache Diastereomerentrennung mittels Vakuum-Flash-Chromatographie gestattet, sondern auch eine zuverlassige Bestimmung der Absolutkonfiguration und eine permanente Kontrolle der Diastereometenreinheit mittels HPLC und NMR ermoglicht. A Method for the Synthesis of the Enantiomers of Propafenone The enantiomers of the antiarrhythmic drug propafenone were synthesized using a recoverable acetal protective group. The key-step in the synthesis was the protection of the cyanohydrin 7 with enantiomerically pure MBF-lactol, which allows not only easy separation of diastereomers using vacuum-flash-chromatography, but also reliable assignment of absolute configuration and determination of diastereomeric purity by means of hplc and nmr.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The reaction between appropriate nitriles and tributyltin azide (TBTA) provides an easy and efficient method for the synthesis of the title compounds as mentioned in this paper, and treatment of thiocyanate 9b with TBTA affords the alkylthio-substituted tetrazole 10b.
Abstract: The reaction between the appropriate nitriles and tributyltin azide (TBTA) provides an easy and efficient method for the synthesis of the title compounds. Treatment of thiocyanate 9b with TBTA affords the alkylthio-substituted tetrazole 10b. Einfache Synthese von Tetrazolylchromonoiden und verwandten Verbindungen Die Umsetzung von Tributylzinnazid (TBTA) mit geeigneten Nitriles stellt eine einfache und ergiebige Methode zur Darstellung der Titelverbindungen dar. Die Behandlung des Rhodanids 9b mit TBTA fuhrt zum substituierten Alkylthiotetrazole 10b.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of 1,3-Dinitro-2-(indol-3'-yl)-propanes on Mycobacterium tuberculosis H 37 Ra was investigated.
Abstract: 1,3-Dinitro-2-(indol-3'-yl)-propanes 3 are synthesized by Michael reaction of nitromethane with the indolylnitroethenes 2. Reaction of the aldehydes 4 and 10 with the benzylamines 12 as well as the reaction of the indolylalkylamines 6a and 9a with the benzaldehydes 11 lead to Schiff bases which are reduced to N-benzyl-(indol-3-ylmethyl)-amines 13 and N-benzyl-(indol-3-ylethyl)-amines 14, respectively; tert amines 16 are synthesized via the formamides 15, amines 18 are prepared according to Mannich. Inhibitory effects on Mycobacterium tuberculosis H 37 Ra are investigated, a structure-activity relationship is discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that the nitroxylate anion NO− plays an important role in the stimulation of s‐GC, and in the presence of light and thiols soluble guanylate cyclase (s‐GC) was stimulated.
Abstract: Nitrososydnone-5-imines and Thiazole-2-nitrosimines are susceptible to photolytic cleavage of the NNO bond. This can be achieved with a tungsten lamp. In water the corresponding syndnone imine salts are formed in 90% yield at 37°C. Only at higher temp. (70°C) ring opening is observed. In methanol about 25% of sydnones are obtained. On the other hand NO⋅ and N2O were detected in the head space of the reaction vials when oxygen was excluded. The formation of N2O from nitrososydnone imine was increased up to elevenfold by glutathione while the amount of NO⋅ was decreased. In the presence of light and thiols soluble guanylate cyclase (s-GC) was stimulated. The results suggest that the nitroxylate anion NO− plays an important role in the stimulation of s-GC. Neue NO-Pharmaka mit antithrombotischen und gefaserweiternden Eigenschaften, 4. Mitt.: Chemische Reaktivitat von Nitrosiminen und ihr Einflus auf pharmakologische Eigenschaften Die NNO-Bindung von Nitrososydnon-5-iminen and Thiazol-2-nitrosiminen wird in Losung durch Licht gespalten. Hierzu reicht eine normale Gluhlampe aus. In Wasser bei 37°C werden die entspr. Sydnoniminsalze in 90proz. Ausb. erhalten. Nur bei hoheren Temp. (70°C) wird auch Ringoffnung beobachtet. Werden methanolische Losungen bestrahlt, so entstehen auch 25% Sydnone. Unter O2-Ausschlus wurden in der Gasphase der Reaktionsgefase NO⋅ und N2O gefunden. In Gegenwart von Glutathion wird bis zu elfmal mehr Lachgas gebildet, wahrend die Menge an NO⋅ abnimmt. In Gegenwart von Licht und Thiol wird die losliche Guanylatyclase (s-GC) aktiviert. Die Ergebnisse sprechen fur eine bedeutende Rolle des Nitroxylations NO− bei der Stimulation der s-GC.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: 5‐Substituted salicylanilides were treated with glycine and formaldehyde in a Mannich type reaction affording the corresponding 3‐(N‐glycino)salic Dylanilides.
Abstract: Salicylamide amino acid conjugates were prepared utilizing 5-formyl-, 5-dicyanoethenyl-, and 5-nitroethenylsalicylic acid 5-Substituted salicylanilides were treated with glycine and formaldehyde in a Mannich type reaction affording the corresponding 3-(N-glycino)salicylanilides The reactions of anilines with pyrans containing the salicylyl moiety yielded the corresponding salicylanilides The obtained compounds were tested for molluscicidal activity Molluskizide Salicylamide mit Aminosaure- oder Pyran-Bausteinen Die Titelverbindungen wurden aus 5-Formyl-, 5-Dicyanoethenyl- und 5-Nitroethenylsalicylsaure hergestellt C-5-substituierte Salicylanilide wurden mit Glycin und Formaldehyd im Sinne einer Mannich-Reaktion zu den entspr 3-(N-Glycino)-salicylaniliden umgesetzt Pyran-substituierte Salicylsauren gaben die entspr Salicylanilide Die so hergestellten Verbindungen wurden auf molluskizide Wirkung gepruft

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Aminolysis of the cyanoketene-O,N-acetal with the amines 2a,b leads to the E-configuration of the primary 2-aminonicotinonitrile 21a,f.
Abstract: Die Aminolyse des Cyanketen-O N-Acetal-Gemisches 1 Z/E mit den Aminen 2a,b fuhrt zu den E-konfigurierten primar/sekundaren Cyanketenaminalen 3a,b. Durch Reaktion von 3a,b mit der, 1,3-Biselektrophilen 4, 6a,b, 9 HCl, 12, 13, 15a,b, 17 und 19 lassen sich die N2-substituierten 2-Aminonicotinonitrile 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14, 16 und 20 herstellen. Umsetzung der 2-Aminonicotinonitrile mit α-Phenylethylrest in Position 2 (14b, 16a, 8a, 20b, 5 und 8b) mit Polyphosphorsaure fuhrt zu den primaren 2-Aminonicotinonitrile 21a-f. Substituted 2-Aminonicotinonitriles Aminolysis of the cyanoketene-O,N-acetal 1 Z/E with the amines 2a,b leads to the E-configurated cyanoketeneaminals 3a,b. Compounds 3a,b are reacted with 1,3-biselectrophiles 4, 6a,b, 9 HCl, 12, 13, 15a,b, 17, and 19 to yield the N2-substituted 2-aminonicotinonitriles 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14, 16, and 20. Reaction of some 2-aminonicotinonitriles with an α-phenylethyl substituent in position 2 (14b, 16a, 8a, 20b, 5 and 8b) with PPA leads to the primary 2-aminonicotinonitriles 21a-f.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Theophylline derivatives with several groups linked at the 7‐position were synthesized and their pharmacological activities were studied on guinea pig to study relaxant action in the tracheal muscle.
Abstract: Theophylline derivatives with several groups linked at the 7-position were synthesized and their pharmacological activities were studied on guinea pig. Relaxant action in the tracheal muscle was increased in comparison with that of theophylline when the 3(2H)-pyridazinone system was linked to 7-(2-ethyl)-theophylline through the piperazine ring, but decreased when the 7-(2-ethyl)-theophylline was linked to 3(2H)-pyridazinone ring through an amino group. 7-Substituierte Theophyllin-Derivate mit bronchodilatierenden Eigenschaften Theophyllin-Derivate mit verschiedenen Substituenten an der 7-Position wurden hergestellt, ihre pharmakologischen Eigenschaften wurden am Meerschweinchen untersucht. Der Tracheal-Muskel wurde starker als durch Theophyllin relaxiert, wenn ein 3(2H)-Pyridazinon-System durch Piperazin mit 7-Ethyltheophyllin verknupft ist. Im Gegensatz dazu vermindert die Verknupfung uber eine Aminogruppe diese Wirkung.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a route for synthesizing novel C-nucleosides with 3,6 and 3,5,6-substituted pyridazines as heterocyclic aglycones is described.
Abstract: Es wird ein Syntheseweg zu neuen C-Nukleosiden beschrieben mit in 3,6-bzw. in 3,5,6-Stellung substituierten Pyridazinen als heterocyclischem Aglykon. [4+2]-Cycloaddition der Alkin-substituierten Precursoren 1 bzw. 10a-d mit den 1,2,4,5-Tetrazinen 2a,b, deren Diazadiensystem durch elektronenziehende Substituenten aktiviert ist, fuhren zu den O-geschutzten 4-(β-D-Ribofuranosyl)pyridazinen 4a,b bzw. 12a-d. Nachfolgende hydrierende Abspaltung der Schutzgruppen liefert die neuen C-Nukleosiden 5a bzw. 13a-d in mittleren bis guten Ausb. 4-(β-D-Ribofuranosyl)pyridazines: Novel C-Nucleosides by [4+2]-Cycloadditions with Inverse Electron Demand. A route for synthesizing novel C-nucleosides with 3,6- and 3,5,6-substituted pyridazines as heterocyclic aglycones is described. [4+2]-Cycloadditions of the alkyne substituted precursors 1 and 10a-d with the 1,2,4,5-tetrazines 2a,b, containing a highly reactive diazadiene system, lead to the O-protected 4-(β-D-Ribofuranosyl)pyridazines 4a,b and 12a-d, respectively. Subsequent deprotection yields the novel C-nucleosides 5a and 13a-d, respectively, in medium to good yields.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a semi-empirical MNDO-based method was used to calculate the reaction enthalpies of 3,1-Benzoxazines and Tetrahydroquinazolines from o-Aminobenzyl Alcohol and o-Amino-benzylamine.
Abstract: o-Aminobenzylalkohol (4) kondensiert mit Aldehyden und Ketonen zu den 3,1-Benzoxazinen 20a/b und 22a/b, mit β-Diketonen hingegen entstehen die Enaminderivate 24a-c. Mit dem isosteren o-Aminobenzylamin (1) ergeben sich als heterocyclische Produkte die Tetrahydrochinazoline 11a/b und 14b, 1,4-Diamine wie 2 und 3 reagieren zu den offenkettigen Verbindungen 15, 16b, 18a und 19. Das unterschiedliche Verhalten kann mit den Reaktionsenthalpien, die mit dem semi-empirischen MNDO-Verfahren berechnet wurden, erklart werden. Synthesis of 3,1-Benzoxazines and Tetrahydroquinazolines from o-Aminobenzyl Alcohol and o-Aminobenzyl Amine - Semi-empirical MO Calculations o-Aminobenzyl alcohol (4) reacts with aldehydes and ketones to the 3,1-benzoxazines 20a/b and 22a/b, whereas the enamine derivatives 24a-c are formed from β-diketones. The isosteric o-amino-benzylamine (1) gives tetrahydroquinazolines 11a/b and 14b as heterocyclic products. In contrast, 1,4-diamines, e.g.2/3, condense to acyclic compounds, 15, 16b, 18a, and 19. This different behaviour is explained by the reaction enthalpies calculated with the semi-empirical MNDO method.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The 1H-NMR spectra of some 1,3-diacetamino-1, 3-diphenylpropanes and of the dichloro-Pt(II) complexes of the corresponding diamines are compared with their simulated spectra leading to the stereochemical assignments meso / rac and erythro/threo, respectively as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The 1H-NMR spectra of some 1,3-diacetamino-1,3-diphenylpropanes and of the dichloro-Pt(II) complexes of the corresponding diamines are compared with their simulated spectra leading to the stereochemical assignments meso / rac and erythro/threo, respectively.-IR-spectra data of our “diaqua/sulfato complexes” indicate coordinated as well as free (counter-ionic) sulfate. 1H-NMR- und IR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen an 1,3-Diphenyl-propan-1,3-diaminen und ihren Pt(II)-Komplexen: Stereochemische Zuordnung und Bindung der nicht-aminischen Liganden Die 1H-NMR-Spektren einiger 1,3-Diphenylpropan-1,3-diamine und ihrer Dichlor-Pt(II)-Komplexe wurden mit den berechneten Spektren verglichen und fuhrten so zu den stereochemischen Zuordnungen meso / rac bzw. erythro/threo.- Die IR-spektroskopischen Daten unserer “diaqua/sulfato Komplexe” weisen auf koordiniertes und freies (gegenionisches) Sulfat in diesen Verbindungen hin.

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TL;DR: In this article, the authors proved that the HC molecules are not included in the HPsCD cavity, and showed that the ratio of the HC/HPsCD complex is 0.49:1 which corresponds to a molar ratio of 1:2; the HC content is 13.2±0.2%.
Abstract: Hydrocortison (HC) forms water-soluble inclusion compounds with β-cyclodextrin (βCD) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), as proved by the equilibrium phase solubility diagrams and by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The solubility isotherm of the HC/βCD system is of the BS type, that of the HPβCD system of the AL type. The values of the complex stability constants are K = 4792 M−1 and 1739 M−1, respectively. 8 parallel preparations of solid HC/βCD complexes by coprecipitation resulted in a stoichiometric ratio of 0.49:1 which corresponds to a molar ratio of 1:2; the HC content is 13.2±0.2%. The ratio of the HC/HPsCD complex is 0.335 which equals a molar ratio of 1:3; the HC content is 8.6 ± 0.2%. The proof of inclusion formation was performed by X-ray diffractometry and thermoanalytical procedures (DSC, TG, thermofractography). We cannot exclude that some of the HC molecules are not included in the HPsCD cavity.